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Common infrastructure to create language launchers using the Polyglot API.
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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2017, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * The Universal Permissive License (UPL), Version 1.0
 *
 * Subject to the condition set forth below, permission is hereby granted to any
 * person obtaining a copy of this software, associated documentation and/or
 * data (collectively the "Software"), free of charge and under any and all
 * copyright rights in the Software, and any and all patent rights owned or
 * freely licensable by each licensor hereunder covering either (i) the
 * unmodified Software as contributed to or provided by such licensor, or (ii)
 * the Larger Works (as defined below), to deal in both
 *
 * (a) the Software, and
 *
 * (b) any piece of software and/or hardware listed in the lrgrwrks.txt file if
 * one is included with the Software each a "Larger Work" to which the Software
 * is contributed by such licensors),
 *
 * without restriction, including without limitation the rights to copy, create
 * derivative works of, display, perform, and distribute the Software and make,
 * use, sell, offer for sale, import, export, have made, and have sold the
 * Software and the Larger Work(s), and to sublicense the foregoing rights on
 * either these or other terms.
 *
 * This license is subject to the following condition:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and either this complete permission notice or at a
 * minimum a reference to the UPL must be included in all copies or substantial
 * portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 */
package org.graalvm.launcher;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

import org.graalvm.home.HomeFinder;
import org.graalvm.options.OptionCategory;
import org.graalvm.polyglot.Context;
import org.graalvm.polyglot.Engine;
import org.graalvm.polyglot.Language;
import org.graalvm.polyglot.PolyglotException;
import org.graalvm.polyglot.PolyglotException.StackFrame;
import org.graalvm.polyglot.Source;
import org.graalvm.polyglot.Value;

public final class PolyglotLauncher extends LanguageLauncherBase {

    private String mainLanguage = null;
    private boolean verbose = false;
    private boolean version = false;
    private boolean shell = false;

    @Override
    protected void printHelp(OptionCategory maxCategory) {
        Engine engine = getTempEngine();
        // @formatter:off
        printVersion(engine);
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("Usage: polyglot [OPTION]... [FILE] [ARGS]...");
        List languages = sortedLanguages(engine);
        System.out.print("Available languages: ");
        String sep = "";
        for (Language language : languages) {
            System.out.print(sep);
            System.out.print(language.getId());
            sep = ", ";
        }
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("Basic Options:");
        launcherOption("--language ",      "Specifies the main language.");
        launcherOption("--file [:]FILE",   "Additional file to execute.");
        launcherOption("--eval [:]CODE",   "Evaluates code snippets, for example, '--eval js:42'.");
        launcherOption("--shell",                "Start a multi language shell.");
        launcherOption("--verbose",              "Enable verbose stack trace for internal errors.");
        // @formatter:on
    }

    @Override
    protected void collectArguments(Set args) {
        args.addAll(Arrays.asList(
                        "--language",
                        "--file [:]FILE",
                        "--eval [:]CODE",
                        "--shell"));
        super.collectArguments(args);
    }

    @Override
    protected void printVersion() {
        printVersion(getTempEngine());
        printPolyglotVersions();
    }

    protected void printVersion(Engine engine) {
        String engineImplementationName = engine.getImplementationName();
        if (isAOT()) {
            engineImplementationName += " Native";
        }
        println(String.format("%s polyglot launcher %s", engineImplementationName, engine.getVersion()));
    }

    /**
     * Parse arguments when running the bin/polyglot launcher directly.
     */
    private List parsePolyglotLauncherOptions(Deque arguments, List