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Truffle SL is an example language implemented using the Truffle API.
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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2012, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * The Universal Permissive License (UPL), Version 1.0
 *
 * Subject to the condition set forth below, permission is hereby granted to any
 * person obtaining a copy of this software, associated documentation and/or
 * data (collectively the "Software"), free of charge and under any and all
 * copyright rights in the Software, and any and all patent rights owned or
 * freely licensable by each licensor hereunder covering either (i) the
 * unmodified Software as contributed to or provided by such licensor, or (ii)
 * the Larger Works (as defined below), to deal in both
 *
 * (a) the Software, and
 *
 * (b) any piece of software and/or hardware listed in the lrgrwrks.txt file if
 * one is included with the Software each a "Larger Work" to which the Software
 * is contributed by such licensors),
 *
 * without restriction, including without limitation the rights to copy, create
 * derivative works of, display, perform, and distribute the Software and make,
 * use, sell, offer for sale, import, export, have made, and have sold the
 * Software and the Larger Work(s), and to sublicense the foregoing rights on
 * either these or other terms.
 *
 * This license is subject to the following condition:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and either this complete permission notice or at a
 * minimum a reference to the UPL must be included in all copies or substantial
 * portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 */
package com.oracle.truffle.sl.builtins;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import com.oracle.truffle.api.CompilerDirectives.TruffleBoundary;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.CachedContext;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.Specialization;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.NodeInfo;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.SLLanguage;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.runtime.SLContext;

/**
 * Builtin function to write a value to the {@link SLContext#getOutput() standard output}. The
 * different specialization leverage the typed {@code println} methods available in Java, i.e.,
 * primitive values are printed without converting them to a {@link String} first.
 * 
 * Printing involves a lot of Java code, so we need to tell the optimizing system that it should not
 * unconditionally inline everything reachable from the println() method. This is done via the
 * {@link TruffleBoundary} annotations.
 */
@NodeInfo(shortName = "println")
public abstract class SLPrintlnBuiltin extends SLBuiltinNode {

    @Specialization
    public long println(long value, @CachedContext(SLLanguage.class) SLContext context) {
        doPrint(context.getOutput(), value);
        return value;
    }

    @TruffleBoundary
    private static void doPrint(PrintWriter out, long value) {
        out.println(value);
    }

    @Specialization
    public boolean println(boolean value, @CachedContext(SLLanguage.class) SLContext context) {
        doPrint(context.getOutput(), value);
        return value;
    }

    @TruffleBoundary
    private static void doPrint(PrintWriter out, boolean value) {
        out.println(value);
    }

    @Specialization
    public String println(String value, @CachedContext(SLLanguage.class) SLContext context) {
        doPrint(context.getOutput(), value);
        return value;
    }

    @TruffleBoundary
    private static void doPrint(PrintWriter out, String value) {
        out.println(value);
    }

    @Specialization
    public Object println(Object value, @CachedContext(SLLanguage.class) SLContext context) {
        doPrint(context.getOutput(), value);
        return value;
    }

    @TruffleBoundary
    private static void doPrint(PrintWriter out, Object value) {
        out.println(value);
    }
}