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Truffle SL is an example language implemented using the Truffle API.
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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2014, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * The Universal Permissive License (UPL), Version 1.0
 *
 * Subject to the condition set forth below, permission is hereby granted to any
 * person obtaining a copy of this software, associated documentation and/or
 * data (collectively the "Software"), free of charge and under any and all
 * copyright rights in the Software, and any and all patent rights owned or
 * freely licensable by each licensor hereunder covering either (i) the
 * unmodified Software as contributed to or provided by such licensor, or (ii)
 * the Larger Works (as defined below), to deal in both
 *
 * (a) the Software, and
 *
 * (b) any piece of software and/or hardware listed in the lrgrwrks.txt file if
 * one is included with the Software each a "Larger Work" to which the Software
 * is contributed by such licensors),
 *
 * without restriction, including without limitation the rights to copy, create
 * derivative works of, display, perform, and distribute the Software and make,
 * use, sell, offer for sale, import, export, have made, and have sold the
 * Software and the Larger Work(s), and to sublicense the foregoing rights on
 * either these or other terms.
 *
 * This license is subject to the following condition:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and either this complete permission notice or at a
 * minimum a reference to the UPL must be included in all copies or substantial
 * portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 */
package com.oracle.truffle.sl.builtins;

import com.oracle.truffle.api.CallTarget;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.CompilerDirectives.TruffleBoundary;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.RootCallTarget;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.Truffle;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.Specialization;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.Frame;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.FrameDescriptor;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.FrameInstance;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.FrameInstance.FrameAccess;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.FrameInstanceVisitor;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.FrameSlot;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.NodeInfo;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.RootNode;

/**
 * Returns a string representation of the current stack. This includes the {@link CallTarget}s and
 * the contents of the {@link Frame}.
 */
@NodeInfo(shortName = "stacktrace")
public abstract class SLStackTraceBuiltin extends SLBuiltinNode {

    @Specialization
    public String trace() {
        return createStackTrace();
    }

    @TruffleBoundary
    private static String createStackTrace() {
        final StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();

        Truffle.getRuntime().iterateFrames(new FrameInstanceVisitor() {
            private int skip = 1; // skip stack trace builtin

            @Override
            public Integer visitFrame(FrameInstance frameInstance) {
                if (skip > 0) {
                    skip--;
                    return null;
                }
                CallTarget callTarget = frameInstance.getCallTarget();
                Frame frame = frameInstance.getFrame(FrameAccess.READ_ONLY);
                RootNode rn = ((RootCallTarget) callTarget).getRootNode();
                // ignore internal or interop stack frames
                if (rn.getLanguageInfo() == null) {
                    return 1;
                }
                if (str.length() > 0) {
                    str.append(System.getProperty("line.separator"));
                }
                str.append("Frame: ").append(rn.toString());
                FrameDescriptor frameDescriptor = frame.getFrameDescriptor();
                for (FrameSlot s : frameDescriptor.getSlots()) {
                    str.append(", ").append(s.getIdentifier()).append("=").append(frame.getValue(s));
                }
                return null;
            }
        });
        return str.toString();
    }
}