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Truffle SL is an example language implemented using the Truffle API.
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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2013, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * The Universal Permissive License (UPL), Version 1.0
 *
 * Subject to the condition set forth below, permission is hereby granted to any
 * person obtaining a copy of this software, associated documentation and/or
 * data (collectively the "Software"), free of charge and under any and all
 * copyright rights in the Software, and any and all patent rights owned or
 * freely licensable by each licensor hereunder covering either (i) the
 * unmodified Software as contributed to or provided by such licensor, or (ii)
 * the Larger Works (as defined below), to deal in both
 *
 * (a) the Software, and
 *
 * (b) any piece of software and/or hardware listed in the lrgrwrks.txt file if
 * one is included with the Software each a "Larger Work" to which the Software
 * is contributed by such licensors),
 *
 * without restriction, including without limitation the rights to copy, create
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 * Software and the Larger Work(s), and to sublicense the foregoing rights on
 * either these or other terms.
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 * This license is subject to the following condition:
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 * The above copyright notice and either this complete permission notice or at a
 * minimum a reference to the UPL must be included in all copies or substantial
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package com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression;

import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.Bind;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.Cached;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.NodeChild;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.Specialization;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.InteropLibrary;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.InvalidArrayIndexException;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.UnknownIdentifierException;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.UnsupportedMessageException;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.UnsupportedTypeException;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.library.CachedLibrary;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.Node;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.NodeInfo;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.object.DynamicObjectLibrary;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.SLExpressionNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.util.SLToMemberNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.util.SLToTruffleStringNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.runtime.SLObject;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.runtime.SLUndefinedNameException;

/**
 * The node for writing a property of an object. When executed, this node:
 * 
 * evaluates the object expression on the left hand side of the object access operator
 * evaluates the property name
 * evaluates the value expression on the right hand side of the assignment operator
 * writes the named property
 * returns the written value
 * 
 */
@NodeInfo(shortName = ".=")
@NodeChild("receiverNode")
@NodeChild("nameNode")
@NodeChild("valueNode")
public abstract class SLWritePropertyNode extends SLExpressionNode {

    static final int LIBRARY_LIMIT = 3;

    @Specialization(guards = "arrays.hasArrayElements(receiver)", limit = "LIBRARY_LIMIT")
    protected Object writeArray(Object receiver, Object index, Object value,
                    @CachedLibrary("receiver") InteropLibrary arrays,
                    @CachedLibrary("index") InteropLibrary numbers) {
        try {
            arrays.writeArrayElement(receiver, numbers.asLong(index), value);
        } catch (UnsupportedMessageException | UnsupportedTypeException | InvalidArrayIndexException e) {
            // read was not successful. In SL we only have basic support for errors.
            throw SLUndefinedNameException.undefinedProperty(this, index);
        }
        return value;
    }

    @Specialization(limit = "LIBRARY_LIMIT")
    protected static Object writeSLObject(SLObject receiver, Object name, Object value,
                    @Bind("this") Node node,
                    @CachedLibrary("receiver") DynamicObjectLibrary objectLibrary,
                    @Cached SLToTruffleStringNode toTruffleStringNode) {
        objectLibrary.put(receiver, toTruffleStringNode.execute(node, name), value);
        return value;
    }

    @Specialization(guards = "!isSLObject(receiver)", limit = "LIBRARY_LIMIT")
    protected static Object writeObject(Object receiver, Object name, Object value,
                    @Bind("this") Node node,
                    @CachedLibrary("receiver") InteropLibrary objectLibrary,
                    @Cached SLToMemberNode asMember) {
        try {
            objectLibrary.writeMember(receiver, asMember.execute(node, name), value);
        } catch (UnsupportedMessageException | UnknownIdentifierException | UnsupportedTypeException e) {
            // write was not successful. In SL we only have basic support for errors.
            throw SLUndefinedNameException.undefinedProperty(node, name);
        }
        return value;
    }

    static boolean isSLObject(Object receiver) {
        return receiver instanceof SLObject;
    }
}