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Truffle SL is an example language implemented using the Truffle API.
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/*
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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * The Universal Permissive License (UPL), Version 1.0
 *
 * Subject to the condition set forth below, permission is hereby granted to any
 * person obtaining a copy of this software, associated documentation and/or
 * data (collectively the "Software"), free of charge and under any and all
 * copyright rights in the Software, and any and all patent rights owned or
 * freely licensable by each licensor hereunder covering either (i) the
 * unmodified Software as contributed to or provided by such licensor, or (ii)
 * the Larger Works (as defined below), to deal in both
 *
 * (a) the Software, and
 *
 * (b) any piece of software and/or hardware listed in the lrgrwrks.txt file if
 * one is included with the Software each a "Larger Work" to which the Software
 * is contributed by such licensors),
 *
 * without restriction, including without limitation the rights to copy, create
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 * Software and the Larger Work(s), and to sublicense the foregoing rights on
 * either these or other terms.
 *
 * This license is subject to the following condition:
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 * The above copyright notice and either this complete permission notice or at a
 * minimum a reference to the UPL must be included in all copies or substantial
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package com.oracle.truffle.sl.runtime;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import com.oracle.truffle.api.CompilerDirectives.TruffleBoundary;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.RootCallTarget;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.TruffleObject;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.source.Source;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.strings.TruffleString;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.SLLanguage;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.parser.SimpleLanguageParser;

/**
 * Manages the mapping from function names to {@link SLFunction function objects}.
 */
public final class SLFunctionRegistry {

    private final SLLanguage language;
    private final FunctionsObject functionsObject = new FunctionsObject();
    private final Map, Void> registeredFunctions = new IdentityHashMap<>();

    public SLFunctionRegistry(SLLanguage language) {
        this.language = language;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the canonical {@link SLFunction} object for the given name. If it does not exist yet,
     * it is created.
     */
    @TruffleBoundary
    public SLFunction lookup(TruffleString name, boolean createIfNotPresent) {
        SLFunction result = functionsObject.functions.get(name);
        if (result == null && createIfNotPresent) {
            result = new SLFunction(language, name);
            functionsObject.functions.put(name, result);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Associates the {@link SLFunction} with the given name with the given implementation root
     * node. If the function did not exist before, it defines the function. If the function existed
     * before, it redefines the function and the old implementation is discarded.
     */
    SLFunction register(TruffleString name, RootCallTarget callTarget) {
        SLFunction result = functionsObject.functions.get(name);
        if (result == null) {
            result = new SLFunction(name, callTarget);
            functionsObject.functions.put(name, result);
        } else {
            result.setCallTarget(callTarget);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Registers a map of functions. The once registered map must not change in order to allow to
     * cache the registration for the entire map. If the map is changed after registration the
     * functions might not get registered.
     */
    @TruffleBoundary
    public void register(Map newFunctions) {
        if (registeredFunctions.containsKey(newFunctions)) {
            return;
        }
        for (Map.Entry entry : newFunctions.entrySet()) {
            register(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
        }
        registeredFunctions.put(newFunctions, null);
    }

    public void register(Source newFunctions) {
        register(SimpleLanguageParser.parseSL(language, newFunctions));
    }

    public SLFunction getFunction(TruffleString name) {
        return functionsObject.functions.get(name);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the sorted list of all functions, for printing purposes only.
     */
    public List getFunctions() {
        List result = new ArrayList<>(functionsObject.functions.values());
        Collections.sort(result, new Comparator() {
            public int compare(SLFunction f1, SLFunction f2) {
                assert SLLanguage.STRING_ENCODING == TruffleString.Encoding.UTF_16 : "SLLanguage.ENCODING changed, string comparison method must be adjusted accordingly!";
                return f1.getName().compareCharsUTF16Uncached(f2.getName());
            }
        });
        return result;
    }

    public TruffleObject getFunctionsObject() {
        return functionsObject;
    }

}