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/*
* Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
* the License.
*/
package com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.impl;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.SourceInfo;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.AccessModifier;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.Context;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JClassType;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JConditional;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JDeclaredType;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JExpression;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JInterfaceType;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JMethod;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JMethodBody;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JMethodCall;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JModVisitor;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JParameter;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JParameterRef;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JProgram;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JProgram.DispatchType;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JReferenceType;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JReturnStatement;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JTypeOracle;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.JVariableRef;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.RuntimeConstants;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.js.JsniMethodBody;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.ast.js.JsniMethodRef;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.impl.MakeCallsStatic.CreateStaticImplsVisitor;
import com.google.gwt.dev.jjs.impl.MakeCallsStatic.StaticCallConverter;
import com.google.gwt.dev.js.ast.JsContext;
import com.google.gwt.dev.js.ast.JsInvocation;
import com.google.gwt.dev.js.ast.JsModVisitor;
import com.google.gwt.dev.js.ast.JsNameRef;
import com.google.gwt.thirdparty.guava.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.gwt.thirdparty.guava.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.gwt.thirdparty.guava.common.collect.Maps;
import com.google.gwt.thirdparty.guava.common.collect.Sets;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.EnumMap;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* Devirtualization is the process of converting virtual method calls on instances that might be
* a JSO, a string or and array (like "obj.doFoo();") to static calls (like
* "SomeClass.doFoo__devirtual$(obj)).
*
* This transformation is done on arrays, strings and JSOs virtual method calls; as this objects
* do not have the virtual methods in their prototypes. The static version is a trampoline that
* decides how to dispatch the method.
*
* See https://code.google.com/p/google-web-toolkit/wiki/OverlayTypes for why this is done for JSOs.
*
*
* To complete the transformation:
*
*
* 1. methods that need to be devirtualized must be turned into static functions.
*
*
* 2. all method calls to the original functions must be rerouted either to the new static
* version or to a static dispatcher trampoline function that is created by this pass.
*
*
* These trampolines are created whether a call to the function exists for separate compiled
* modules to work. In a globally optimized build unused ones are pruned away.
*
* This transform may NOT be run multiple times; it will create ever-expanding replacement
* expressions.
*/
public class Devirtualizer {
/**
* Rewrite any virtual dispatches to Object, Strings or JavaScriptObject such that
* dispatch occurs statically for JSOs, strings and arrays.
*
* In the following cases JMethodCalls need to be rewritten:
*
*
a dual dispatch interface
*
a single dispatch trough single-jso interface
*
a java.lang.Object override from JavaScriptObject
*
methods defined at String
*
in draftMode, a 'static' virtual JSO call that hasn't been made
* static yet.
*
*
*/
private class RewriteVirtualDispatches extends JModVisitor {
@Override
public void endVisit(JMethod x, Context ctx) {
if (!mightNeedDevirtualization(x)) {
return;
}
// The pruning pass will discard devirtualized methods that have not been called in
// whole program optimizing mode.
ensureDevirtualVersionExists(x);
}
@Override
public void endVisit(JsniMethodRef x, Context ctx) {
JMethod method = x.getTarget();
if (method == null || !mightNeedDevirtualization(method)) {
return;
}
ensureDevirtualVersionExists(method);
// Replace the JMethod in jsni reference to a reference to the devirtualized method.
// Note that a JsniMethodRefs is a pair containing the Jsni reference as text (i.e.
// "@java.lang.Boolean::booleanValue") and a reference to the actual JMethod in the AST;
// in generation time the actual JMethod that is called is looked up from the reference text.
//
// Here we just replace the JMethod the reference is pointing to without updating the
// reference text.
//
// Keeping the "key" unchanged avoid the necessity to sync up with the modifications in the
// JS AST when the JsniMethodBody is processed.
JMethod devirtualMethod = devirtualMethodByMethod.get(method);
ctx.replaceMe(new JsniMethodRef(
x.getSourceInfo(),
x.getIdent(),
devirtualMethod,
program.getJavaScriptObject()));
}
@Override
public void endVisit(JMethodCall x, Context ctx) {
JMethod method = x.getTarget();
if (!method.needsDynamicDispatch()) {
return;
}
JReferenceType instanceType = (JReferenceType) x.getInstance().getType().getUnderlyingType();
if (!mightNeedDevirtualization(method, instanceType)) {
return;
}
// it is a super.m() call and the superclass is not a JSO. (this case is NOT reached if
// MakeCallsStatic was called).
if (x.isStaticDispatchOnly() && !method.isJsOverlay()) {
return;
}
ensureDevirtualVersionExists(method);
// Replaces this virtual method call with a static call to a devirtual version of the method.
JMethod devirtualMethod = devirtualMethodByMethod.get(method);
ctx.replaceMe(converter.convertCall(x, devirtualMethod));
}
@Override
public boolean visit(JMethod x, Context ctx) {
// Don't rewrite the polymorphic call inside of the devirtualizing method!
if (methodByDevirtualMethod.containsValue(x)) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean visit(JsniMethodBody x, Context ctx) {
final Set devirtualMethodJsniIdentifiers = Sets.newHashSet();
for (JsniMethodRef jsniMethodRef : x.getJsniMethodRefs()) {
JMethod target = jsniMethodRef.getTarget();
if (target != null && mightNeedDevirtualization(target)) {
devirtualMethodJsniIdentifiers.add(jsniMethodRef.getIdent());
}
}
// Devirtualize jsni method calls.
new JsModVisitor() {
@Override
public void endVisit(JsInvocation x, JsContext ctx) {
if (!(x.getQualifier() instanceof JsNameRef)) {
// If the invocation does not have a name as a qualifier then it is an expression and
// cannot be a jsni method reference.
return;
}
JsNameRef nameRef = (JsNameRef) x.getQualifier();
if (!nameRef.isJsniReference()) {
// The invocation is not to a JSNI method.
return;
}
// Retrieve the method referred by the JsniMethodRef and check whether it needs
// devirtualization.
if (!devirtualMethodJsniIdentifiers.contains(nameRef.getIdent())) {
return;
}
// Devirtualize method by rewriting
// [email protected]::booleanValue() ==> @java.lang.Boolean::booleanValue(a).
//
// Not the the reference identifier is *NOT* changed and will act a the key in the lookup
// for the corresponding JMethod which is contained in the corresponding JsniMethodRef
// node.
ctx.replaceMe(
new JsInvocation(
x.getSourceInfo(),
new JsNameRef(
nameRef.getSourceInfo(), nameRef.getIdent()),
Iterables.concat(
Collections.singleton(nameRef.getQualifier()), x.getArguments())));
return;
}
}.accept(x.getFunc());
// Now go ahead and fix the corresponding JSNI references.
return true;
}
/**
* Constructs and caches a method that is a new static version of the given method or a
* trampoline function that wraps a new static version of the given method. It chooses which to
* construct based on how the given method's defining class relates to the JavascriptObject
* class.
*/
private void ensureDevirtualVersionExists(JMethod method) {
if (devirtualMethodByMethod.containsKey(method)) {
// already did this one before
return;
}
JDeclaredType targetType = method.getEnclosingType();
// Separate compilation treats all JSOs as if they are "dualImpl", as the interface might
// be implemented by a regular Java object in a separate module.
// TODO(rluble): (Separate compilation) Devirtualizer should be run before optimizations
// and optimizations need to be strong enough to perform the same kind of size reductions
// achieved by keeping track of singleImpls.
if (method.getSignature().equals("toString()Ljava/lang/String;")) {
// Object.toString is special because: 1) every JS object has it and 2) GWT creates
// a bridge from toString to its implementation method.
devirtualMethodByMethod.put(
method, program.getIndexedMethod(RuntimeConstants.RUNTIME_TO_STRING));
} else if (!program.typeOracle.isDualJsoInterface(targetType) &&
program.typeOracle.isSingleJsoImpl(targetType)) {
// Optimize the trampoline away when there is ONLY JSO dispatch.
// TODO(rluble): verify that this case can not arise in optimized mode and if so
// remove as is an unnecessary optimization.
assert targetType instanceof JInterfaceType;
assert !program.getTypeJavaLangString().getImplements().contains(targetType);
JMethod overridingMethod =
findOverridingMethod(method, program.typeOracle.getSingleJsoImpl(targetType));
assert overridingMethod != null;
JMethod jsoStaticImpl =
staticImplCreator.getOrCreateStaticImpl(program, overridingMethod);
devirtualMethodByMethod.put(method, jsoStaticImpl);
} else if (isOverlayMethod(method)) {
// A virtual dispatch on a target that is already known to be an overlay method,.
JMethod devirtualMethod = staticImplCreator.getOrCreateStaticImpl(program, method);
devirtualMethodByMethod.put(method, devirtualMethod);
} else {
JMethod devirtualMethod = getOrCreateDevirtualMethod(method);
devirtualMethodByMethod.put(method, devirtualMethod);
}
}
private boolean mightNeedDevirtualization(JMethod method) {
return mightNeedDevirtualization(method, method.getEnclosingType());
}
private boolean mightNeedDevirtualization(JMethod method, JReferenceType instanceType) {
if (instanceType == null || !method.needsDynamicDispatch()) {
return false;
}
if (devirtualMethodByMethod.containsKey(method)) {
return true;
}
if (isOverlayMethod(method)) {
return true;
}
if (method.getEnclosingType().isJsNative()) {
// Methods in a native JsType that are not JsOverlay should NOT be devirtualized.
return false;
}
if (instanceType.isNullType()) {
instanceType = method.getEnclosingType();
}
EnumSet dispatchType = program.getDispatchType(instanceType);
dispatchType.remove(DispatchType.HAS_JAVA_VIRTUAL_DISPATCH);
return !dispatchType.isEmpty();
}
}
/**
* Returns true if {@code method} is an overlay method. Overlay methods include the ones that
* are marked as JsOverlay but also implicit overlays.
*/
private boolean isOverlayMethod(JMethod method) {
return method.isJsOverlay()
// Synthetic private methods on interfaces are the result of lambdas that capture the
// enclosing instance and are defined on default methods; these can appear in native
// interfaces and thus need to be treated as overlays.
|| (method.getEnclosingType() instanceof JInterfaceType && method.isPrivate())
// JsFunction implementation methods other than the other than the SAM implementation are
// also considered overalys to allow for lighter weight JsFuncitons.
// TODO(rluble): SAM implementation should also be devirtualized.
|| (method.getEnclosingType().isJsFunctionImplementation()
&& !method.isOrOverridesJsFunctionMethod());
}
public static void exec(JProgram program) {
new Devirtualizer(program).execImpl();
}
/**
* Maps each Object instance methods (ie, {@link Object#equals(Object)}) onto
* its corresponding devirtualizing method.
*/
private Map devirtualMethodByMethod = Maps.newHashMap();
/**
* Contains the Cast.hasJavaObjectVirtualDispatch method.
*/
private final JMethod hasJavaObjectVirtualDispatch;
/**
* Contains the Cast.isJavaArray method.
*/
private final JMethod isJavaArray;
/**
* Contains the set of devirtualizing methods that replace polymorphic calls
* to Object methods.
*/
private final Map methodByDevirtualMethod = Maps.newHashMap();
private final JProgram program;
private final CreateStaticImplsVisitor staticImplCreator;
private final StaticCallConverter converter;
/**
* Creates and empty devirtualized method for devirtualizing {@code method} in class
* {@code inclass}.
*/
private JMethod createDevirtualMethodFor(JMethod method, JDeclaredType inClass) {
SourceInfo sourceInfo = method.getSourceInfo().makeChild();
String prefix = computeEscapedSignature(method.getSignature());
JMethod devirtualMethod = new JMethod(sourceInfo, prefix + "__devirtual$",
inClass, method.getType(), false, true, true, AccessModifier.PUBLIC);
// TODO(rluble): DoNotInline should be carried over if 'any' of the targets is marked so.
devirtualMethod.setInliningMode(method.getInliningMode());
devirtualMethod.setBody(new JMethodBody(sourceInfo));
devirtualMethod.setSynthetic();
inClass.addMethod(devirtualMethod);
// Setup parameters.
devirtualMethod.createThisParameter(sourceInfo, method.getEnclosingType());
for (JParameter oldParam : method.getParams()) {
devirtualMethod.createFinalParameter(sourceInfo, oldParam.getName(), oldParam.getType());
}
devirtualMethod.freezeParamTypes();
devirtualMethod.addThrownExceptions(method.getThrownExceptions());
sourceInfo.addCorrelation(sourceInfo.getCorrelator().by(devirtualMethod));
return devirtualMethod;
}
/**
* A normal method signature contains characters that are not valid in a method name. If you want
* to construct a method name based on an existing method signature then those characters need to
* be escaped.
*/
private static String computeEscapedSignature(String methodSignature) {
return methodSignature.replaceAll("[\\<\\>\\(\\)\\;\\/\\[]", "_");
}
private Devirtualizer(JProgram program) {
this.program = program;
this.hasJavaObjectVirtualDispatch =
program.getIndexedMethod(RuntimeConstants.CAST_HAS_JAVA_OBJECT_VIRTUAL_DISPATCH);
this.isJavaArray = program.getIndexedMethod(RuntimeConstants.ARRAY_IS_JAVA_ARRAY);
// TODO: consider turning on null checks for "this"?
// However, for JSO's there is existing code that relies on nulls being okay.
this.converter = new StaticCallConverter(program, false);
staticImplCreator = new CreateStaticImplsVisitor(program);
}
private void execImpl() {
JClassType jsoType = program.getJavaScriptObject();
if (jsoType == null) {
return;
}
new RewriteVirtualDispatches().accept(program);
}
/**
* Finds the method that overrides this method, starting with the target
* class.
*/
private JMethod findOverridingMethod(JMethod method, JClassType target) {
if (target == null) {
return null;
}
for (JMethod overridingMethod : target.getMethods()) {
if (JTypeOracle.methodsDoMatch(method, overridingMethod)) {
return overridingMethod;
}
}
return findOverridingMethod(method, target.getSuperClass());
}
/**
* Construct conditional expression for dispatch. Handle the cases where a dispatch or check
* is null indicating impossibility of such operation.
*/
private static JExpression constructMinimalCondition(JMethod checkMethod, JVariableRef target,
JMethodCall trueDispatch, JExpression falseDispatch) {
// TODO(rluble): Maybe we should emit slightly different code in checked mode, so that if
// no condition is met an exception would be thrown rather than cascading.
if (falseDispatch == null && trueDispatch == null) {
return null;
}
if (falseDispatch == null) {
// No need for condition to be evaluated.
return trueDispatch;
}
if (trueDispatch == null || falseDispatch instanceof JMethodCall &&
((JMethodCall) falseDispatch).getTarget() == trueDispatch.getTarget()) {
// Both branches do the same dispatch (or no trueDispatch).
return falseDispatch;
}
JMethodCall condition =
new JMethodCall(trueDispatch.getSourceInfo(), null, checkMethod, target);
return new JConditional(condition.getSourceInfo(), trueDispatch.getType(), condition,
trueDispatch, falseDispatch);
}
/**
* Create a dispatch call taking the arguments from the devirtual method.
*/
private static JMethodCall maybeCreateDispatch(JMethod dispatchTo, JMethod devirtualMethod) {
if (dispatchTo == null) {
return null;
}
List parameters = Lists.newArrayList(devirtualMethod.getParams());
SourceInfo sourceInfo = devirtualMethod.getSourceInfo();
JParameterRef thisParamRef = null;
if (!dispatchTo.isStatic()) {
// This is a virtual dispatch, take the first parameter as the receiver.
thisParamRef = parameters.remove(0).makeRef(sourceInfo);
}
JMethodCall dispatchCall = new JMethodCall(sourceInfo, thisParamRef, dispatchTo);
for (JParameter param : parameters) {
dispatchCall.addArg(param.makeRef(sourceInfo));
}
return dispatchCall;
}
/**
* Create a conditional method to discriminate between static and virtual
* dispatch.
*
*
*/
private JMethod getOrCreateDevirtualMethod(JMethod method) {
if (methodByDevirtualMethod.containsKey(method)) {
return methodByDevirtualMethod.get(method);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 1. Determine which types of object are target of this dispatch
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
JReferenceType enclosingType = method.getEnclosingType();
EnumSet possibleTargetTypes = program.getDispatchType(
enclosingType.getUnderlyingType());
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 2. Compute the dispatch to method for each relevant case.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
EnumMap dispatchToMethodByTargetType = new EnumMap<>(DispatchType.class);
for (Map.Entry nativeRepresentedType :
program.getRepresentedAsNativeTypesDispatchMap().entrySet()) {
// skip non-instantiated boxed types, which have been pruned from the AST.
if (program.typeOracle.isInstantiatedType(nativeRepresentedType.getKey())) {
maybeCreateDispatchFor(method, nativeRepresentedType.getValue(), possibleTargetTypes,
dispatchToMethodByTargetType, nativeRepresentedType.getKey());
}
}
if (possibleTargetTypes.contains(DispatchType.JAVA_ARRAY)) {
maybeCreateDispatchFor(method, DispatchType.JAVA_ARRAY, possibleTargetTypes,
dispatchToMethodByTargetType, program.getTypeJavaLangObject());
}
if (possibleTargetTypes.contains(DispatchType.JSO)) {
JMethod overridingMethod = findOverridingMethod(method,
program.typeOracle.getSingleJsoImpl(enclosingType));
if (overridingMethod == null && enclosingType == program.getTypeJavaLangObject()) {
overridingMethod = findOverridingMethod(method, program.getJavaScriptObject());
}
assert overridingMethod != null : method.getEnclosingType().getName() + "::" +
method.getName() + " not overridden by JavaScriptObject";
dispatchToMethodByTargetType.put(DispatchType.JSO,
staticImplCreator.getOrCreateStaticImpl(program, overridingMethod));
}
if (possibleTargetTypes.contains(DispatchType.HAS_JAVA_VIRTUAL_DISPATCH)) {
dispatchToMethodByTargetType.put(DispatchType.HAS_JAVA_VIRTUAL_DISPATCH, method);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 3. Create a devirtualized method.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Decide where to place the devirtual method. Ideally these methods should reside in the
// declaring type, but some of these will be interfaces and currently GWT does not emit
// any code for them.
// TODO(rluble): place interface methods in the corresponding interface once Java 8 defender
// method support is implemented.
JClassType devirtualMethodEnclosingClass = null;
if (method.getEnclosingType() instanceof JClassType) {
devirtualMethodEnclosingClass = (JClassType) method.getEnclosingType();
} else {
for (Map.Entry nativeRepresentedType :
program.getRepresentedAsNativeTypesDispatchMap().entrySet()) {
if (dispatchToMethodByTargetType.containsKey(nativeRepresentedType.getValue())) {
devirtualMethodEnclosingClass = nativeRepresentedType.getKey();
break;
}
}
}
if (devirtualMethodEnclosingClass == null) {
if (dispatchToMethodByTargetType.get(DispatchType.JSO) != null) {
// This is an interface method implemented by a JSO, place in the JSO class.
devirtualMethodEnclosingClass = (JClassType)
dispatchToMethodByTargetType.get(DispatchType.JSO).getEnclosingType();
} else {
// It is an interface implemented by devirtualized types, place it in Object.
devirtualMethodEnclosingClass = program.getTypeJavaLangObject();
}
}
// Devirtualization of external methods stays external and devirtualization of internal methods
// stays internal.
assert program.isReferenceOnly(devirtualMethodEnclosingClass)
== program.isReferenceOnly(method.getEnclosingType());
// TODO(stalcup): devirtualization is modifying both internal and external types. Really
// external types should never be modified. Change the point at which types are saved into
// libraries to be after normalization has occurred, so that no further modification is
// necessary when loading external types.
JMethod devirtualMethod = createDevirtualMethodFor(method, devirtualMethodEnclosingClass);
/**
* Encoding
*/
SourceInfo sourceInfo = method.getSourceInfo().makeChild();
JParameter thisParam = devirtualMethod.getParams().get(0);
// Synthesize the dispatch at a single conditional doing the checks in this order.
// isString(obj) ? dispatchToString : (
// isRegularJavaObject(obj) ? obj.method : (
// isJavaArray(obj) ?
// dispatchToArray :
// dispatchToJSO
// )
// )
// Construct back to fort. Last is JSO.
JExpression dispatchExpression =
maybeCreateDispatch(dispatchToMethodByTargetType.get(DispatchType.JSO), devirtualMethod);
// Dispatch to array
dispatchExpression = constructMinimalCondition(
isJavaArray,
thisParam.makeRef(thisParam.getSourceInfo()),
maybeCreateDispatch(dispatchToMethodByTargetType.get(DispatchType.JAVA_ARRAY),
devirtualMethod),
dispatchExpression);
// Dispatch to regular object
dispatchExpression = constructMinimalCondition(
hasJavaObjectVirtualDispatch,
thisParam.makeRef(thisParam.getSourceInfo()),
maybeCreateDispatch(
dispatchToMethodByTargetType.get(DispatchType.HAS_JAVA_VIRTUAL_DISPATCH),
devirtualMethod),
dispatchExpression);
// Dispatch to regular string, double, boolean
for (Map.Entry nativeRepresentedType
: program.getRepresentedAsNativeTypesDispatchMap().entrySet()) {
DispatchType dispatchType = nativeRepresentedType.getValue();
String castInstanceOfQualifier = dispatchType.getTypeCategory().castInstanceOfQualifier();
dispatchExpression = constructMinimalCondition(
program.getIndexedMethod("Cast.instanceOf" + castInstanceOfQualifier),
thisParam.makeRef(thisParam.getSourceInfo()),
maybeCreateDispatch(dispatchToMethodByTargetType.get(dispatchType), devirtualMethod),
dispatchExpression);
}
// return dispatchConditional;
JReturnStatement returnStatement = new JReturnStatement(sourceInfo, dispatchExpression);
((JMethodBody) devirtualMethod.getBody()).getBlock().addStmt(returnStatement);
methodByDevirtualMethod.put(method, devirtualMethod);
return devirtualMethod;
}
private void maybeCreateDispatchFor(JMethod method, DispatchType target,
EnumSet possibleTargetTypes,
EnumMap dispatchToMethodByTargetType, JClassType targetDevirtualType) {
if (possibleTargetTypes.contains(target)) {
JMethod overridingMethod = findOverridingMethod(method, targetDevirtualType);
if (overridingMethod == null) {
throw new AssertionError(method.getEnclosingType().getName() + "::" + method.getName()
+ " not overridden by " + targetDevirtualType.getSimpleName());
}
dispatchToMethodByTargetType.put(target,
staticImplCreator.getOrCreateStaticImpl(program, overridingMethod));
}
}
private static String getJsniReferenceIdentifier(JMethod method) {
return "@" + method.getJsniSignature(true, false);
}
}
