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/*
 * JBoss, Home of Professional Open Source
 * Copyright 2009 Red Hat Inc. and/or its affiliates and other
 * contributors as indicated by the @author tags. All rights reserved.
 * See the copyright.txt in the distribution for a full listing of
 * individual contributors.
 *
 * This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of
 * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this software; if not, write to the Free
 * Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
 * 02110-1301 USA, or see the FSF site: http://www.fsf.org.
 */
package org.infinispan.util;

import org.infinispan.CacheConfigurationException;
import org.infinispan.CacheException;
import org.infinispan.commons.hash.Hash;
import org.infinispan.marshall.Marshaller;
import org.infinispan.util.logging.Log;
import org.infinispan.util.logging.LogFactory;

import javax.naming.Context;
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.ObjectOutput;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.management.LockInfo;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.lang.management.MonitorInfo;
import java.lang.management.ThreadInfo;
import java.lang.management.ThreadMXBean;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * General utility methods used throughout the Infinispan code base.
 *
 * @author Brian Stansberry
 * @author Galder Zamarreño
 * @since 4.0
 */
public final class Util {

   private static final boolean IS_ARRAYS_DEBUG = Boolean.getBoolean("infinispan.arrays.debug");

   public static final Object[] EMPTY_OBJECT_ARRAY = new Object[0];
   public static final byte[] EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY = new byte[0];

   private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(Util.class);

   /**
    * Current Java vendor. This variable is later used to differentiate LRU implementations
    * for different java vendors.
    */
   private static final String javaVendor = SysPropertyActions.getProperty("java.vendor", "");

   /**
    * 

* Loads the specified class using the passed classloader, or, if it is null the Infinispan classes' * classloader. *

* *

* If loadtime instrumentation via GenerateInstrumentedClassLoader is used, this class may be loaded by the bootstrap * classloader. *

*

* If the class is not found, the {@link ClassNotFoundException} or {@link NoClassDefFoundError} is wrapped as a * {@link CacheConfigurationException} and is re-thrown. *

* * @param classname name of the class to load * @param cl the application classloader which should be used to load the class, or null if the class is always packaged with * Infinispan * @return the class * @throws CacheConfigurationException if the class cannot be loaded */ public static Class loadClass(String classname, ClassLoader cl) { try { return loadClassStrict(classname, cl); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { throw new CacheConfigurationException("Unable to instantiate class " + classname, e); } } public static ClassLoader[] getClassLoaders(ClassLoader appClassLoader) { return new ClassLoader[] { appClassLoader, // User defined classes Util.class.getClassLoader(), // Infinispan classes (not always on TCCL [modular env]) ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader() // Used when load time instrumentation is in effect }; } /** *

* Loads the specified class using the passed classloader, or, if it is null the Infinispan classes' classloader. *

* *

* If loadtime instrumentation via GenerateInstrumentedClassLoader is used, this class may be loaded by the bootstrap classloader. *

* * @param classname name of the class to load * @return the class * @param userClassLoader the application classloader which should be used to load the class, or null if the class is always packaged with * Infinispan * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be loaded */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static Class loadClassStrict(String classname, ClassLoader userClassLoader) throws ClassNotFoundException { ClassLoader[] cls = getClassLoaders(userClassLoader); ClassNotFoundException e = null; NoClassDefFoundError ne = null; for (ClassLoader cl : cls) { if (cl == null) continue; try { return (Class) Class.forName(classname, true, cl); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ce) { e = ce; } catch (NoClassDefFoundError ce) { ne = ce; } } if (e != null) throw e; else if (ne != null) { // Before we wrap this, make sure we appropriately log this. log.unableToLoadClass(classname, Arrays.toString(cls), ne); throw new ClassNotFoundException(classname, ne); } else throw new IllegalStateException(); } private static Method getFactoryMethod(Class c) { for (Method m : c.getMethods()) { if (m.getName().equals("getInstance") && m.getParameterTypes().length == 0 && Modifier.isStatic(m.getModifiers())) return m; } return null; } /** * Instantiates a class by first attempting a static factory method named getInstance() on the class * and then falling back to an empty constructor. *

* Any exceptions encountered are wrapped in a {@link CacheConfigurationException} and rethrown. * * @param clazz class to instantiate * @return an instance of the class */ public static T getInstance(Class clazz) { try { return getInstanceStrict(clazz); } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) { throw new CacheConfigurationException("Unable to instantiate class " + clazz.getName(), iae); } catch (InstantiationException ie) { throw new CacheConfigurationException("Unable to instantiate class " + clazz.getName(), ie); } } /** * Similar to {@link #getInstance(Class)} except that exceptions are propagated to the caller. * * @param clazz class to instantiate * @return an instance of the class * @throws IllegalAccessException * @throws InstantiationException */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static T getInstanceStrict(Class clazz) throws IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException { // first look for a getInstance() constructor T instance = null; try { Method factoryMethod = getFactoryMethod(clazz); if (factoryMethod != null) instance = (T) factoryMethod.invoke(null); } catch (Exception e) { // no factory method or factory method failed. Try a constructor. instance = null; } if (instance == null) { instance = clazz.newInstance(); } return instance; } /** * Instantiates a class based on the class name provided. Instantiation is attempted via an appropriate, static * factory method named getInstance() first, and failing the existence of an appropriate factory, falls * back to an empty constructor. *

* Any exceptions encountered loading and instantiating the class is wrapped in a {@link CacheConfigurationException}. * * @param classname class to instantiate * @return an instance of classname */ public static T getInstance(String classname, ClassLoader cl) { if (classname == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot load null class!"); Class clazz = loadClass(classname, cl); return getInstance(clazz); } /** * Similar to {@link #getInstance(String, ClassLoader)} except that exceptions are propagated to the caller. * * @param classname class to instantiate * @return an instance of classname * @throws ClassNotFoundException * @throws InstantiationException * @throws IllegalAccessException */ public static T getInstanceStrict(String classname, ClassLoader cl) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException { if (classname == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot load null class!"); Class clazz = loadClassStrict(classname, cl); return getInstanceStrict(clazz); } /** * Clones parameter x of type T with a given Marshaller reference; * * * @return a deep clone of an object parameter x */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static T cloneWithMarshaller(Marshaller marshaller, T x){ if (marshaller == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot use null Marshaller for clone"); byte[] byteBuffer; try { byteBuffer = marshaller.objectToByteBuffer(x); return (T) marshaller.objectFromByteBuffer(byteBuffer); } catch (InterruptedException e) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); throw new CacheException(e); } catch (Exception e) { throw new CacheException(e); } } /** * Prevent instantiation */ private Util() { } /** * Null-safe equality test. * * @param a first object to compare * @param b second object to compare * @return true if the objects are equals or both null, false otherwise. */ public static boolean safeEquals(Object a, Object b) { return (a == b) || (a != null && a.equals(b)); } public static String prettyPrintTime(long time, TimeUnit unit) { return prettyPrintTime(unit.toMillis(time)); } /** * {@link System#nanoTime()} is less expensive than {@link System#currentTimeMillis()} and better suited * to measure time intervals. It's NOT suited to know the current time, for example to be compared * with the time of other nodes. * @return the value of {@link System#nanoTime()}, but converted in Milliseconds. */ public static final long currentMillisFromNanotime() { return TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.convert(System.nanoTime(), TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS); } /** * Prints a time for display * * @param millis time in millis * @return the time, represented as millis, seconds, minutes or hours as appropriate, with suffix */ public static String prettyPrintTime(long millis) { if (millis < 1000) return millis + " milliseconds"; NumberFormat nf = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(); nf.setMaximumFractionDigits(2); double toPrint = ((double) millis) / 1000; if (toPrint < 300) { return nf.format(toPrint) + " seconds"; } toPrint = toPrint / 60; if (toPrint < 120) { return nf.format(toPrint) + " minutes"; } toPrint = toPrint / 60; return nf.format(toPrint) + " hours"; } public static void close(Closeable cl) { if (cl == null) return; try { cl.close(); } catch (Exception e) { } } public static void close(Socket s) { if (s == null) return; try { s.close(); } catch (Exception e) { } } public static void close(Closeable... cls) { for (Closeable cl : cls) { close(cl); } } public static void close(Context ctx) { if (ctx == null) return; try { ctx.close(); } catch (Exception e) { } } public static void flushAndCloseStream(OutputStream o) { if (o == null) return; try { o.flush(); } catch (Exception e) { } try { o.close(); } catch (Exception e) { } } public static void flushAndCloseOutput(ObjectOutput o) { if (o == null) return; try { o.flush(); } catch (Exception e) { } try { o.close(); } catch (Exception e) { } } public static String formatString(Object message, Object... params) { if (params.length == 0) return message == null ? "null" : message.toString(); return String.format(message.toString(), params); } public static String printArray(byte[] array, boolean withHash) { if (array == null) return "null"; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append("ByteArray{size=").append(array.length); if (withHash) { sb.append(", hashCode=").append( Integer.toHexString(Arrays.hashCode(array))); } sb.append(", array=0x"); if (IS_ARRAYS_DEBUG) { // Convert the entire byte array sb.append(toHexString(array)); } else { // Pick the first 8 characters and convert that part sb.append(toHexString(array, 8)); sb.append(".."); } sb.append("}"); return sb.toString(); } public static String toHexString(byte input[]) { return toHexString(input, input.length); } public static String toHexString(byte input[], int limit) { int i = 0; if (input == null || input.length <= 0) return null; char lookup[] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'}; char[] result = new char[(input.length < limit ? input.length : limit) * 2]; while (i < limit && i < input.length) { result[2*i] = lookup[(input[i] >> 4) & 0x0F]; result[2*i+1] = lookup[(input[i] & 0x0F)]; i++; } return String.valueOf(result); } public static String padString(String s, int minWidth) { if (s.length() < minWidth) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(s); while (sb.length() < minWidth) sb.append(" "); return sb.toString(); } return s; } private static String INDENT = " "; public static String threadDump() { StringBuilder threadDump = new StringBuilder(); ThreadMXBean threadMx = ManagementFactory.getThreadMXBean(); if (threadMx.isObjectMonitorUsageSupported() && threadMx.isSynchronizerUsageSupported()) { // Print lock info if, and only if, both object monitor usage and synchronizer usage are supported. dumpThreadInfo(threadDump, true, threadMx); } else { dumpThreadInfo(threadDump, false, threadMx); } return threadDump.toString(); } private static void dumpThreadInfo(StringBuilder threadDump, boolean withLocks, ThreadMXBean threadMx) { SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); String timestamp = dateFormat.format(new Date()); threadDump.append(timestamp); threadDump.append("\nFull thread dump "); threadDump.append("\n"); if (withLocks) { ThreadInfo[] threadInfos = threadMx.dumpAllThreads(true, true); for (ThreadInfo threadInfo : threadInfos) { printThreadInfo(threadInfo, threadDump); LockInfo[] syncs = threadInfo.getLockedSynchronizers(); printLockInfo(syncs, threadDump); } threadDump.append("\n"); } else { long[] threadIds= threadMx.getAllThreadIds(); ThreadInfo[] threadInfos = threadMx.getThreadInfo(threadIds, Integer.MAX_VALUE); for (ThreadInfo threadInfo : threadInfos) printThreadInfo(threadInfo, threadDump); } } private static void printThreadInfo(ThreadInfo threadInfo, StringBuilder threadDump) { // Print thread information printThread(threadInfo, threadDump); // print stack trace with locks StackTraceElement[] stacktrace = threadInfo.getStackTrace(); MonitorInfo[] monitors = threadInfo.getLockedMonitors(); for (int i = 0; i < stacktrace.length; i++) { StackTraceElement ste = stacktrace[i]; threadDump.append(INDENT + "at " + ste.toString()); threadDump.append("\n"); for (int j = 1; j < monitors.length; j++) { MonitorInfo mi = monitors[j]; if (mi.getLockedStackDepth() == i) { threadDump.append(INDENT + " - locked " + mi); threadDump.append("\n"); } } } threadDump.append("\n"); } private static void printLockInfo(LockInfo[] locks, StringBuilder threadDump) { threadDump.append(INDENT + "Locked synchronizers: count = " + locks.length); threadDump.append("\n"); for (LockInfo li : locks) { threadDump.append(INDENT + " - " + li); threadDump.append("\n"); } threadDump.append("\n"); } private static void printThread(ThreadInfo threadInfo, StringBuilder threadDump) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder( "\"" + threadInfo.getThreadName() + "\"" + " nid=" + threadInfo.getThreadId() + " state=" + threadInfo.getThreadState()); if (threadInfo.getLockName() != null && threadInfo.getThreadState() != Thread.State.BLOCKED) { String[] lockInfo = threadInfo.getLockName().split("@"); sb.append("\n" + INDENT +"- waiting on <0x" + lockInfo[1] + "> (a " + lockInfo[0] + ")"); sb.append("\n" + INDENT +"- locked <0x" + lockInfo[1] + "> (a " + lockInfo[0] + ")"); } else if (threadInfo.getLockName() != null && threadInfo.getThreadState() == Thread.State.BLOCKED) { String[] lockInfo = threadInfo.getLockName().split("@"); sb.append("\n" + INDENT +"- waiting to lock <0x" + lockInfo[1] + "> (a " + lockInfo[0] + ")"); } if (threadInfo.isSuspended()) sb.append(" (suspended)"); if (threadInfo.isInNative()) sb.append(" (running in native)"); threadDump.append(sb.toString()); threadDump.append("\n"); if (threadInfo.getLockOwnerName() != null) { threadDump.append(INDENT + " owned by " + threadInfo.getLockOwnerName() + " id=" + threadInfo.getLockOwnerId()); threadDump.append("\n"); } } public static CacheException rewrapAsCacheException(Throwable t) { if (t instanceof CacheException) return (CacheException) t; else return new CacheException(t); } public static Set asSet(T... a) { if (a.length > 1) return new HashSet(Arrays.asList(a)); else return Collections.singleton(a[0]); } /** * Prints the identity hash code of the object passed as parameter * in an hexadecimal format in order to safe space. */ public static String hexIdHashCode(Object o) { return Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(o)); } static final String HEX_VALUES = "0123456789ABCDEF"; public static String hexDump(byte[] buffer) { StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(buffer.length << 1); for (byte b : buffer) addHexByte(buf, b); return buf.toString(); } public static String hexDump(ByteBuffer buffer) { byte[] data = new byte[buffer.remaining()]; int pos = buffer.position(); buffer.get(data); buffer.position(pos); StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(buffer.remaining() + 22); for (byte b : data) addHexByte(buf, b); return buf.toString(); } private static void addHexByte(StringBuilder buf, byte b) { buf.append(HEX_VALUES.charAt((b & 0xF0) >> 4)) .append(HEX_VALUES.charAt((b & 0x0F))); } public static Double constructDouble(Class type, Object o) { if (type.equals(Long.class) || type.equals(long.class)) return Double.valueOf((Long) o); else if (type.equals(Double.class) || type.equals(double.class)) return (Double) o; else if (type.equals(Integer.class) || type.equals(int.class)) return Double.valueOf((Integer) o); else if (type.equals(String.class)) return Double.valueOf((String) o); throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("Expected a value that can be converted into a double: type=%s, value=%s", type, o)); } /** * Applies the given hash function to the hash code of a given object, and then normalizes it to ensure a positive * value is always returned. * @param object to hash * @param hashFct hash function to apply * @return a non-null, non-negative normalized hash code for a given object */ public static int getNormalizedHash(Object object, Hash hashFct) { // make sure no negative numbers are involved. return hashFct.hash(object) & Integer.MAX_VALUE; } public static boolean isIBMJavaVendor() { return javaVendor.toLowerCase().contains("ibm"); } }





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