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A barebones WebSocket client and server implementation written 100% in Java
/*
* Copyright (c) 2010-2020 Nathan Rajlich
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
* files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
* restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
* copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
* Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
* conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
* HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
* WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
* FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
* OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*/
package org.java_websocket.client;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Proxy;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import javax.net.SocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.*;
import org.java_websocket.AbstractWebSocket;
import org.java_websocket.WebSocket;
import org.java_websocket.WebSocketImpl;
import org.java_websocket.drafts.Draft;
import org.java_websocket.drafts.Draft_6455;
import org.java_websocket.enums.Opcode;
import org.java_websocket.enums.ReadyState;
import org.java_websocket.exceptions.InvalidHandshakeException;
import org.java_websocket.framing.CloseFrame;
import org.java_websocket.framing.Framedata;
import org.java_websocket.handshake.HandshakeImpl1Client;
import org.java_websocket.handshake.Handshakedata;
import org.java_websocket.handshake.ServerHandshake;
/**
* A subclass must implement at least onOpen, onClose, and onMessage to be
* useful. At runtime the user is expected to establish a connection via {@link #connect()}, then receive events like {@link #onMessage(String)} via the overloaded methods and to {@link #send(String)} data to the server.
*/
public abstract class WebSocketClient extends AbstractWebSocket implements Runnable, WebSocket {
/**
* The URI this channel is supposed to connect to.
*/
protected URI uri = null;
/**
* The underlying engine
*/
private WebSocketImpl engine = null;
/**
* The socket for this WebSocketClient
*/
private Socket socket = null;
/**
* The SocketFactory for this WebSocketClient
* @since 1.4.0
*/
private SocketFactory socketFactory = null;
/**
* The used OutputStream
*/
private OutputStream ostream;
/**
* The used proxy, if any
*/
private Proxy proxy = Proxy.NO_PROXY;
/**
* The thread to write outgoing message
*/
private Thread writeThread;
/**
* The thread to connect and read message
*/
private Thread connectReadThread;
/**
* The draft to use
*/
private Draft draft;
/**
* The additional headers to use
*/
private Map headers;
/**
* The latch for connectBlocking()
*/
private CountDownLatch connectLatch = new CountDownLatch( 1 );
/**
* The latch for closeBlocking()
*/
private CountDownLatch closeLatch = new CountDownLatch( 1 );
/**
* The socket timeout value to be used in milliseconds.
*/
private int connectTimeout = 0;
/**
* DNS resolver that translates a URI to an InetAddress
*
* @see InetAddress
* @since 1.4.1
*/
private DnsResolver dnsResolver = null;
/**
* Constructs a WebSocketClient instance and sets it to the connect to the
* specified URI. The channel does not attampt to connect automatically. The connection
* will be established once you call connect.
*
* @param serverUri the server URI to connect to
*/
public WebSocketClient( URI serverUri ) {
this( serverUri, new Draft_6455());
}
/**
* Constructs a WebSocketClient instance and sets it to the connect to the
* specified URI. The channel does not attampt to connect automatically. The connection
* will be established once you call connect.
* @param serverUri the server URI to connect to
* @param protocolDraft The draft which should be used for this connection
*/
public WebSocketClient( URI serverUri , Draft protocolDraft ) {
this( serverUri, protocolDraft, null, 0 );
}
/**
* Constructs a WebSocketClient instance and sets it to the connect to the
* specified URI. The channel does not attampt to connect automatically. The connection
* will be established once you call connect.
* @param serverUri the server URI to connect to
* @param httpHeaders Additional HTTP-Headers
* @since 1.3.8
*/
public WebSocketClient( URI serverUri, Map httpHeaders) {
this(serverUri, new Draft_6455(), httpHeaders);
}
/**
* Constructs a WebSocketClient instance and sets it to the connect to the
* specified URI. The channel does not attampt to connect automatically. The connection
* will be established once you call connect.
* @param serverUri the server URI to connect to
* @param protocolDraft The draft which should be used for this connection
* @param httpHeaders Additional HTTP-Headers
* @since 1.3.8
*/
public WebSocketClient( URI serverUri , Draft protocolDraft , Map httpHeaders) {
this(serverUri, protocolDraft, httpHeaders, 0);
}
/**
* Constructs a WebSocketClient instance and sets it to the connect to the
* specified URI. The channel does not attampt to connect automatically. The connection
* will be established once you call connect.
* @param serverUri the server URI to connect to
* @param protocolDraft The draft which should be used for this connection
* @param httpHeaders Additional HTTP-Headers
* @param connectTimeout The Timeout for the connection
*/
public WebSocketClient( URI serverUri , Draft protocolDraft , Map httpHeaders , int connectTimeout ) {
if( serverUri == null ) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
} else if( protocolDraft == null ) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException( "null as draft is permitted for `WebSocketServer` only!" );
}
this.uri = serverUri;
this.draft = protocolDraft;
this.dnsResolver = new DnsResolver() {
@Override
public InetAddress resolve(URI uri) throws UnknownHostException {
return InetAddress.getByName(uri.getHost());
}
};
if(httpHeaders != null) {
headers = new TreeMap(String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
headers.putAll(httpHeaders);
}
this.connectTimeout = connectTimeout;
setTcpNoDelay( false );
setReuseAddr( false );
this.engine = new WebSocketImpl( this, protocolDraft );
}
/**
* Returns the URI that this WebSocketClient is connected to.
* @return the URI connected to
*/
public URI getURI() {
return uri;
}
/**
* Returns the protocol version this channel uses.
* For more infos see https://github.com/TooTallNate/Java-WebSocket/wiki/Drafts
* @return The draft used for this client
*/
public Draft getDraft() {
return draft;
}
/**
* Returns the socket to allow Hostname Verification
* @return the socket used for this connection
*/
public Socket getSocket() {
return socket;
}
/**
* @since 1.4.1
* Adds an additional header to be sent in the handshake.
* If the connection is already made, adding headers has no effect,
* unless reconnect is called, which then a new handshake is sent.
* If a header with the same key already exists, it is overridden.
* @param key Name of the header to add.
* @param value Value of the header to add.
*/
public void addHeader(String key, String value){
if(headers == null)
headers = new TreeMap(String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
headers.put(key, value);
}
/**
* @since 1.4.1
* Removes a header from the handshake to be sent, if header key exists.
* @param key Name of the header to remove.
* @return the previous value associated with key, or
* null if there was no mapping for key.
*/
public String removeHeader(String key) {
if(headers == null)
return null;
return headers.remove(key);
}
/**
* @since 1.4.1
* Clears all previously put headers.
*/
public void clearHeaders() {
headers = null;
}
/**
* Sets a custom DNS resolver.
*
* @param dnsResolver The DnsResolver to use.
*
* @since 1.4.1
*/
public void setDnsResolver(DnsResolver dnsResolver) {
this.dnsResolver = dnsResolver;
}
/**
* Reinitiates the websocket connection. This method does not block.
* @since 1.3.8
*/
public void reconnect() {
reset();
connect();
}
/**
* Same as reconnect but blocks until the websocket reconnected or failed to do so.
* @return Returns whether it succeeded or not.
* @throws InterruptedException Thrown when the threads get interrupted
* @since 1.3.8
*/
public boolean reconnectBlocking() throws InterruptedException {
reset();
return connectBlocking();
}
/**
* Reset everything relevant to allow a reconnect
* @since 1.3.8
*/
private void reset() {
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
if (current == writeThread || current == connectReadThread) {
throw new IllegalStateException("You cannot initialize a reconnect out of the websocket thread. Use reconnect in another thread to insure a successful cleanup.");
}
try {
closeBlocking();
if( writeThread != null ) {
this.writeThread.interrupt();
this.writeThread = null;
}
if( connectReadThread != null ) {
this.connectReadThread.interrupt();
this.connectReadThread = null;
}
this.draft.reset();
if( this.socket != null ) {
this.socket.close();
this.socket = null;
}
} catch ( Exception e ) {
onError( e );
engine.closeConnection( CloseFrame.ABNORMAL_CLOSE, e.getMessage() );
return;
}
connectLatch = new CountDownLatch( 1 );
closeLatch = new CountDownLatch( 1 );
this.engine = new WebSocketImpl( this, this.draft );
}
/**
* Initiates the websocket connection. This method does not block.
*/
public void connect() {
if( connectReadThread != null )
throw new IllegalStateException( "WebSocketClient objects are not reuseable" );
connectReadThread = new Thread( this );
connectReadThread.setName( "WebSocketConnectReadThread-" + connectReadThread.getId() );
connectReadThread.start();
}
/**
* Same as connect but blocks until the websocket connected or failed to do so.
* @return Returns whether it succeeded or not.
* @throws InterruptedException Thrown when the threads get interrupted
*/
public boolean connectBlocking() throws InterruptedException {
connect();
connectLatch.await();
return engine.isOpen();
}
/**
* Same as connect but blocks with a timeout until the websocket connected or failed to do so.
* @param timeout
* The connect timeout
* @param timeUnit
* The timeout time unit
* @return Returns whether it succeeded or not.
* @throws InterruptedException Thrown when the threads get interrupted
*/
public boolean connectBlocking(long timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) throws InterruptedException {
connect();
return connectLatch.await(timeout, timeUnit) && engine.isOpen();
}
/**
* Initiates the websocket close handshake. This method does not block
* In oder to make sure the connection is closed use closeBlocking
*/
public void close() {
if( writeThread != null ) {
engine.close( CloseFrame.NORMAL );
}
}
/**
* Same as close but blocks until the websocket closed or failed to do so.
* @throws InterruptedException Thrown when the threads get interrupted
*/
public void closeBlocking() throws InterruptedException {
close();
closeLatch.await();
}
/**
* Sends text to the connected websocket server.
*
* @param text
* The string which will be transmitted.
*/
public void send( String text ) {
engine.send( text );
}
/**
* Sends binary data to the connected webSocket server.
*
* @param data
* The byte-Array of data to send to the WebSocket server.
*/
public void send( byte[] data ) {
engine.send( data );
}
@Override
public T getAttachment() {
return engine.getAttachment();
}
@Override
public void setAttachment(T attachment) {
engine.setAttachment( attachment );
}
@Override
protected Collection getConnections() {
return Collections.singletonList((WebSocket ) engine );
}
@Override
public void sendPing() {
engine.sendPing( );
}
public void run() {
InputStream istream;
try {
boolean isNewSocket = false;
if (socketFactory != null) {
socket = socketFactory.createSocket();
} else if( socket == null ) {
socket = new Socket( proxy );
isNewSocket = true;
} else if( socket.isClosed() ) {
throw new IOException();
}
socket.setTcpNoDelay( isTcpNoDelay() );
socket.setReuseAddress( isReuseAddr() );
if (!socket.isConnected()) {
InetSocketAddress addr = new InetSocketAddress(dnsResolver.resolve(uri), this.getPort());
socket.connect(addr, connectTimeout);
}
// if the socket is set by others we don't apply any TLS wrapper
if (isNewSocket && "wss".equals( uri.getScheme())) {
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLSv1.2");
sslContext.init(null, null, null);
SSLSocketFactory factory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
socket = factory.createSocket(socket, uri.getHost(), getPort(), true);
}
if (socket instanceof SSLSocket) {
SSLSocket sslSocket = (SSLSocket)socket;
SSLParameters sslParameters = sslSocket.getSSLParameters();
onSetSSLParameters(sslParameters);
sslSocket.setSSLParameters(sslParameters);
}
istream = socket.getInputStream();
ostream = socket.getOutputStream();
sendHandshake();
} catch ( /*IOException | SecurityException | UnresolvedAddressException | InvalidHandshakeException | ClosedByInterruptException | SocketTimeoutException */Exception e ) {
onWebsocketError( engine, e );
engine.closeConnection( CloseFrame.NEVER_CONNECTED, e.getMessage() );
return;
} catch (InternalError e) {
// https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8173620
if (e.getCause() instanceof InvocationTargetException && e.getCause().getCause() instanceof IOException) {
IOException cause = (IOException) e.getCause().getCause();
onWebsocketError(engine, cause);
engine.closeConnection(CloseFrame.NEVER_CONNECTED, cause.getMessage());
return;
}
throw e;
}
writeThread = new Thread( new WebsocketWriteThread(this) );
writeThread.start();
byte[] rawbuffer = new byte[ WebSocketImpl.RCVBUF ];
int readBytes;
try {
while ( !isClosing() && !isClosed() && ( readBytes = istream.read( rawbuffer ) ) != -1 ) {
engine.decode( ByteBuffer.wrap( rawbuffer, 0, readBytes ) );
}
engine.eot();
} catch ( IOException e ) {
handleIOException(e);
} catch ( RuntimeException e ) {
// this catch case covers internal errors only and indicates a bug in this websocket implementation
onError( e );
engine.closeConnection( CloseFrame.ABNORMAL_CLOSE, e.getMessage() );
}
connectReadThread = null;
}
/**
* Apply specific SSLParameters
* If you override this method make sure to always call super.onSetSSLParameters() to ensure the hostname validation is active
*
* @param sslParameters the SSLParameters which will be used for the SSLSocket
*/
protected void onSetSSLParameters(SSLParameters sslParameters) {
// If you run into problem on Android (NoSuchMethodException), check out the wiki https://github.com/TooTallNate/Java-WebSocket/wiki/No-such-method-error-setEndpointIdentificationAlgorithm
// Perform hostname validation
sslParameters.setEndpointIdentificationAlgorithm("HTTPS");
}
/**
* Extract the specified port
* @return the specified port or the default port for the specific scheme
*/
private int getPort() {
int port = uri.getPort();
if( port == -1 ) {
String scheme = uri.getScheme();
if( "wss".equals( scheme ) ) {
return WebSocketImpl.DEFAULT_WSS_PORT;
} else if( "ws".equals( scheme ) ) {
return WebSocketImpl.DEFAULT_PORT;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException( "unknown scheme: " + scheme );
}
}
return port;
}
/**
* Create and send the handshake to the other endpoint
* @throws InvalidHandshakeException a invalid handshake was created
*/
private void sendHandshake() throws InvalidHandshakeException {
String path;
String part1 = uri.getRawPath();
String part2 = uri.getRawQuery();
if( part1 == null || part1.length() == 0 )
path = "/";
else
path = part1;
if( part2 != null )
path += '?' + part2;
int port = getPort();
String host = uri.getHost() + (
(port != WebSocketImpl.DEFAULT_PORT && port != WebSocketImpl.DEFAULT_WSS_PORT)
? ":" + port
: "" );
HandshakeImpl1Client handshake = new HandshakeImpl1Client();
handshake.setResourceDescriptor( path );
handshake.put( "Host", host );
if( headers != null ) {
for( Map.Entry kv : headers.entrySet() ) {
handshake.put( kv.getKey(), kv.getValue() );
}
}
engine.startHandshake( handshake );
}
/**
* This represents the state of the connection.
*/
public ReadyState getReadyState() {
return engine.getReadyState();
}
/**
* Calls subclass' implementation of onMessage.
*/
@Override
public final void onWebsocketMessage( WebSocket conn, String message ) {
onMessage( message );
}
@Override
public final void onWebsocketMessage( WebSocket conn, ByteBuffer blob ) {
onMessage( blob );
}
/**
* Calls subclass' implementation of onOpen.
*/
@Override
public final void onWebsocketOpen( WebSocket conn, Handshakedata handshake ) {
startConnectionLostTimer();
onOpen( (ServerHandshake) handshake );
connectLatch.countDown();
}
/**
* Calls subclass' implementation of onClose.
*/
@Override
public final void onWebsocketClose( WebSocket conn, int code, String reason, boolean remote ) {
stopConnectionLostTimer();
if( writeThread != null )
writeThread.interrupt();
onClose( code, reason, remote );
connectLatch.countDown();
closeLatch.countDown();
}
/**
* Calls subclass' implementation of onIOError.
*/
@Override
public final void onWebsocketError( WebSocket conn, Exception ex ) {
onError( ex );
}
@Override
public final void onWriteDemand( WebSocket conn ) {
// nothing to do
}
@Override
public void onWebsocketCloseInitiated( WebSocket conn, int code, String reason ) {
onCloseInitiated( code, reason );
}
@Override
public void onWebsocketClosing( WebSocket conn, int code, String reason, boolean remote ) {
onClosing( code, reason, remote );
}
/**
* Send when this peer sends a close handshake
*
* @param code The codes can be looked up here: {@link CloseFrame}
* @param reason Additional information string
*/
public void onCloseInitiated( int code, String reason ) {
//To overwrite
}
/** Called as soon as no further frames are accepted
*
* @param code The codes can be looked up here: {@link CloseFrame}
* @param reason Additional information string
* @param remote Returns whether or not the closing of the connection was initiated by the remote host.
*/
public void onClosing( int code, String reason, boolean remote ) {
//To overwrite
}
/**
* Getter for the engine
* @return the engine
*/
public WebSocket getConnection() {
return engine;
}
@Override
public InetSocketAddress getLocalSocketAddress( WebSocket conn ) {
if( socket != null )
return (InetSocketAddress) socket.getLocalSocketAddress();
return null;
}
@Override
public InetSocketAddress getRemoteSocketAddress( WebSocket conn ) {
if( socket != null )
return (InetSocketAddress) socket.getRemoteSocketAddress();
return null;
}
// ABTRACT METHODS /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/**
* Called after an opening handshake has been performed and the given websocket is ready to be written on.
* @param handshakedata The handshake of the websocket instance
*/
public abstract void onOpen( ServerHandshake handshakedata );
/**
* Callback for string messages received from the remote host
*
* @see #onMessage(ByteBuffer)
* @param message The UTF-8 decoded message that was received.
**/
public abstract void onMessage( String message );
/**
* Called after the websocket connection has been closed.
*
* @param code
* The codes can be looked up here: {@link CloseFrame}
* @param reason
* Additional information string
* @param remote
* Returns whether or not the closing of the connection was initiated by the remote host.
**/
public abstract void onClose( int code, String reason, boolean remote );
/**
* Called when errors occurs. If an error causes the websocket connection to fail {@link #onClose(int, String, boolean)} will be called additionally.
* This method will be called primarily because of IO or protocol errors.
* If the given exception is an RuntimeException that probably means that you encountered a bug.
*
* @param ex The exception causing this error
**/
public abstract void onError( Exception ex );
/**
* Callback for binary messages received from the remote host
*
* @see #onMessage(String)
*
* @param bytes
* The binary message that was received.
**/
public void onMessage( ByteBuffer bytes ) {
//To overwrite
}
private class WebsocketWriteThread implements Runnable {
private final WebSocketClient webSocketClient;
WebsocketWriteThread(WebSocketClient webSocketClient) {
this.webSocketClient = webSocketClient;
}
@Override
public void run() {
Thread.currentThread().setName( "WebSocketWriteThread-" + Thread.currentThread().getId() );
try {
runWriteData();
} catch ( IOException e ) {
handleIOException( e );
} finally {
closeSocket();
writeThread = null;
}
}
/**
* Write the data into the outstream
* @throws IOException if write or flush did not work
*/
private void runWriteData() throws IOException {
try {
while( !Thread.interrupted() ) {
ByteBuffer buffer = engine.outQueue.take();
ostream.write( buffer.array(), 0, buffer.limit() );
ostream.flush();
}
} catch ( InterruptedException e ) {
for (ByteBuffer buffer : engine.outQueue) {
ostream.write( buffer.array(), 0, buffer.limit() );
ostream.flush();
}
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
/**
* Closing the socket
*/
private void closeSocket() {
try {
if( socket != null ) {
socket.close();
}
} catch ( IOException ex ) {
onWebsocketError( webSocketClient, ex );
}
}
}
/**
* Method to set a proxy for this connection
* @param proxy the proxy to use for this websocket client
*/
public void setProxy( Proxy proxy ) {
if( proxy == null )
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
this.proxy = proxy;
}
/**
* Accepts bound and unbound sockets.
* This method must be called before connect.
* If the given socket is not yet bound it will be bound to the uri specified in the constructor.
* @param socket The socket which should be used for the connection
* @deprecated use setSocketFactory
*/
@Deprecated
public void setSocket( Socket socket ) {
if( this.socket != null ) {
throw new IllegalStateException( "socket has already been set" );
}
this.socket = socket;
}
/**
* Accepts a SocketFactory.
* This method must be called before connect.
* The socket will be bound to the uri specified in the constructor.
* @param socketFactory The socket factory which should be used for the connection.
*/
public void setSocketFactory(SocketFactory socketFactory) {
this.socketFactory = socketFactory;
}
@Override
public void sendFragmentedFrame(Opcode op, ByteBuffer buffer, boolean fin ) {
engine.sendFragmentedFrame( op, buffer, fin );
}
@Override
public boolean isOpen() {
return engine.isOpen();
}
@Override
public boolean isFlushAndClose() {
return engine.isFlushAndClose();
}
@Override
public boolean isClosed() {
return engine.isClosed();
}
@Override
public boolean isClosing() {
return engine.isClosing();
}
@Override
public boolean hasBufferedData() {
return engine.hasBufferedData();
}
@Override
public void close( int code ) {
engine.close( code );
}
@Override
public void close( int code, String message ) {
engine.close( code, message );
}
@Override
public void closeConnection( int code, String message ) {
engine.closeConnection( code, message );
}
@Override
public void send( ByteBuffer bytes ) {
engine.send( bytes );
}
@Override
public void sendFrame( Framedata framedata ) {
engine.sendFrame( framedata );
}
@Override
public void sendFrame( Collection frames ) {
engine.sendFrame( frames );
}
@Override
public InetSocketAddress getLocalSocketAddress() {
return engine.getLocalSocketAddress();
}
@Override
public InetSocketAddress getRemoteSocketAddress() {
return engine.getRemoteSocketAddress();
}
@Override
public String getResourceDescriptor() {
return uri.getPath();
}
@Override
public boolean hasSSLSupport() {
return engine.hasSSLSupport();
}
@Override
public SSLSession getSSLSession() {
return engine.getSSLSession();
}
/**
* Method to give some additional info for specific IOExceptions
* @param e the IOException causing a eot.
*/
private void handleIOException( IOException e ) {
if (e instanceof SSLException) {
onError( e );
}
engine.eot();
}
}
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