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Kotlin Common Standard Library
/*
* Copyright 2010-2022 JetBrains s.r.o. and Kotlin Programming Language contributors.
* Use of this source code is governed by the Apache 2.0 license that can be found in the license/LICENSE.txt file.
*/
package kotlin.io.encoding
// Benchmarks repository: https://github.com/qurbonzoda/KotlinBase64Benchmarks
/**
* Provides Base64 encoding and decoding functionality.
* Base64 encoding, as defined by the [`RFC 4648`](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4648) and a few other RFCs,
* transforms arbitrary binary data into a sequence of printable characters.
*
* For example, a sequence of bytes `0xC0 0xFF 0xEE` will be transformed to a string `"wP/u"` using a Base64 encoding
* defined by the [`RFC 4648`](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4648). Decoding that string will result in the original
* byte sequence.
*
* **Base64 is not an encryption scheme and should not be used when data needs to be secured or obfuscated.**
*
* Characters used by a particular Base64 scheme form an alphabet of 64 regular characters and
* an extra padding character.
*
* Almost all Base64 encoding schemes share the same first 62 characters of an alphabet,
* which are `'A'..'Z'` followed by `'a'..'z'`, but the last two characters may vary.
* [`RFC 4648 section 4`](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4648#section-4) defines an alphabet that uses
* `'+'` and `'/'` as the last two characters, while the URL-safe alphabet defined in
* [`RFC 4648 section 5`](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4648#section-5) uses `'-'` and `'_'` instead.
*
* When decoding, a Base64 scheme usually accepts only characters from its alphabet, presence of any other characters
* is treated as an error (see [Base64.Mime] for an exception to this rule). That also implies
* that a Base64 scheme could not decode data encoded by another Base64 scheme if their alphabets differ.
*
* In addition to 64 characters from the alphabet,
* Base64-encoded data may also contain one or two padding characters `'='` at its end.
* Base64 splits data that needs to be encoded into chunks three bytes long, which are then transformed into
* a sequence of four characters (meaning that every character encodes six bits of data).
* If the number of bytes constituting input data is not a multiple of three (for instance, input consists of only five bytes),
* the data will be padded by zero bits first and only then transformed into Base64-alphabet characters.
* If padding takes place, the resulting string is augmented by `'='`. The padding could consist of zero, two or
* four bits, thus encoded data will contain zero, one or two padding characters (`'='`), respectively.
* The inclusion of padding characters in the resulting string depends on the [PaddingOption] set for the Base64 instance.
*
* This class is not supposed to be inherited or instantiated by calling its constructor.
* However, predefined instances of this class are available for use.
* The companion object [Base64.Default] is the default instance of [Base64].
* There are also [Base64.UrlSafe] and [Base64.Mime] instances.
* The padding option for all predefined instances is set to [PaddingOption.PRESENT].
* New instances with different padding options can be created using the [withPadding] function.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.encodeAndDecode
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.encodingDifferences
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.padding
*/
@SinceKotlin("1.8")
@ExperimentalEncodingApi
public open class Base64 private constructor(
internal val isUrlSafe: Boolean,
internal val isMimeScheme: Boolean,
internal val paddingOption: PaddingOption
) {
init {
require(!isUrlSafe || !isMimeScheme)
}
/**
* An enumeration of the possible padding options for Base64 encoding and decoding.
*
* Constants of this enum class can be passed to the [withPadding] function to create a new Base64 instance
* with the specified padding option. Each padding option affects the encode and decode operations of the
* Base64 instance in the following way:
*
* | PaddingOption | On encode | On decode |
* |----------------------------------|--------------|--------------------------|
* | [PaddingOption.PRESENT] | Emit padding | Padding is required |
* | [PaddingOption.ABSENT] | Omit padding | Padding must not present |
* | [PaddingOption.PRESENT_OPTIONAL] | Emit padding | Padding is optional |
* | [PaddingOption.ABSENT_OPTIONAL] | Omit padding | Padding is optional |
*
* These options provide flexibility in handling the padding characters (`'='`) and enable compatibility with
* various Base64 libraries and protocols.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.paddingOptionSample
*/
@SinceKotlin("2.0")
public enum class PaddingOption {
/**
* Pad on encode, require padding on decode.
*
* When encoding, the result is padded with `'='` to reach an integral multiple of 4 symbols.
* When decoding, correctly padded input is required. The padding character `'='` marks the end
* of the encoded data, and subsequent symbols are prohibited.
*
* This represents the canonical form of Base64 encoding.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.paddingOptionPresentSample
*/
PRESENT,
/**
* Do not pad on encode, prohibit padding on decode.
*
* When encoding, the result is not padded.
* When decoding, the input must not contain any padding character.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.paddingOptionAbsentSample
*/
ABSENT,
/**
* Pad on encode, allow optional padding on decode.
*
* When encoding, the result is padded with `'='` to reach an integral multiple of 4 symbols.
* When decoding, the input may be either padded or unpadded. If the input contains a padding character,
* the correct amount of padding character(s) must be present. The padding character `'='`
* marks the end of the encoded data, and subsequent symbols are prohibited.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.paddingOptionPresentOptionalSample
*/
PRESENT_OPTIONAL,
/**
* Do not pad on encode, allow optional padding on decode.
*
* When encoding, the result is not padded.
* When decoding, the input may be either padded or unpadded. If the input contains a padding character,
* the correct amount of padding character(s) must be present. The padding character `'='`
* marks the end of the encoded data, and subsequent symbols are prohibited.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.paddingOptionAbsentOptionalSample
*/
ABSENT_OPTIONAL
}
/**
* Returns a new [Base64] instance that is equivalent to this instance
* but configured with the specified padding [option].
*
* This method does not modify this instance. If the specified [option] is the same as the current
* padding option of this instance, this instance itself is returned. Otherwise, a new instance is created
* using the same alphabet but configured with the new padding option.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.withPaddingSample
*/
@SinceKotlin("2.0")
public fun withPadding(option: PaddingOption): Base64 {
return if (paddingOption == option) this
else Base64(isUrlSafe, isMimeScheme, option)
}
/**
* Encodes bytes from the specified [source] array or its subrange.
* Returns a [ByteArray] containing the resulting symbols.
*
* Whether the encoding result is padded with `'='` depends on the [PaddingOption] set for this [Base64] instance.
*
* Each resulting symbol occupies one byte in the returned byte array.
*
* Use [encode] to get the output in string form.
*
* @param source the array to encode bytes from.
* @param startIndex the beginning (inclusive) of the subrange to encode, 0 by default.
* @param endIndex the end (exclusive) of the subrange to encode, size of the [source] array by default.
*
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException when [startIndex] or [endIndex] is out of range of [source] array indices.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when `startIndex > endIndex`.
*
* @return a [ByteArray] with the resulting symbols.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.encodeToByteArraySample
*/
public fun encodeToByteArray(source: ByteArray, startIndex: Int = 0, endIndex: Int = source.size): ByteArray {
return platformEncodeToByteArray(source, startIndex, endIndex)
}
/**
* Encodes bytes from the specified [source] array or its subrange and writes resulting symbols into the [destination] array.
* Returns the number of symbols written.
*
* Whether the encoding result is padded with `'='` depends on the [PaddingOption] set for this [Base64] instance.
*
* @param source the array to encode bytes from.
* @param destination the array to write symbols into.
* @param destinationOffset the starting index in the [destination] array to write symbols to, 0 by default.
* @param startIndex the beginning (inclusive) of the subrange to encode, 0 by default.
* @param endIndex the end (exclusive) of the subrange to encode, size of the [source] array by default.
*
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException when [startIndex] or [endIndex] is out of range of [source] array indices.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when `startIndex > endIndex`.
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException when the resulting symbols don't fit into the [destination] array starting at the specified [destinationOffset],
* or when that index is out of the [destination] array indices range.
*
* @return the number of symbols written into [destination] array.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.encodeIntoByteArraySample
*/
public fun encodeIntoByteArray(
source: ByteArray,
destination: ByteArray,
destinationOffset: Int = 0,
startIndex: Int = 0,
endIndex: Int = source.size
): Int {
return platformEncodeIntoByteArray(source, destination, destinationOffset, startIndex, endIndex)
}
/**
* Encodes bytes from the specified [source] array or its subrange.
* Returns a string with the resulting symbols.
*
* Whether the encoding result is padded with `'='` depends on the [PaddingOption] set for this [Base64] instance.
*
* Use [encodeToByteArray] to get the output in [ByteArray] form.
*
* @param source the array to encode bytes from.
* @param startIndex the beginning (inclusive) of the subrange to encode, 0 by default.
* @param endIndex the end (exclusive) of the subrange to encode, size of the [source] array by default.
*
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException when [startIndex] or [endIndex] is out of range of [source] array indices.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when `startIndex > endIndex`.
*
* @return a string with the resulting symbols.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.encodeToStringSample
*/
public fun encode(source: ByteArray, startIndex: Int = 0, endIndex: Int = source.size): String {
return platformEncodeToString(source, startIndex, endIndex)
}
/**
* Encodes bytes from the specified [source] array or its subrange and appends resulting symbols to the [destination] appendable.
* Returns the destination appendable.
*
* Whether the encoding result is padded with `'='` depends on the [PaddingOption] set for this [Base64] instance.
*
* @param source the array to encode bytes from.
* @param destination the appendable to append symbols to.
* @param startIndex the beginning (inclusive) of the subrange to encode, 0 by default.
* @param endIndex the end (exclusive) of the subrange to encode, size of the [source] array by default.
*
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException when [startIndex] or [endIndex] is out of range of [source] array indices.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when `startIndex > endIndex`.
*
* @return the destination appendable.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.encodeToAppendableSample
*/
public fun encodeToAppendable(
source: ByteArray,
destination: A,
startIndex: Int = 0,
endIndex: Int = source.size
): A {
val stringResult = platformEncodeToString(source, startIndex, endIndex)
destination.append(stringResult)
return destination
}
/**
* Decodes symbols from the specified [source] array or its subrange.
* Returns a [ByteArray] containing the resulting bytes.
*
* The requirement, prohibition, or optionality of padding in the input symbols
* is determined by the [PaddingOption] set for this [Base64] instance.
*
* @param source the array to decode symbols from.
* @param startIndex the beginning (inclusive) of the subrange to decode, 0 by default.
* @param endIndex the end (exclusive) of the subrange to decode, size of the [source] array by default.
*
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException when [startIndex] or [endIndex] is out of range of [source] array indices.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when `startIndex > endIndex`.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when the symbols for decoding are not padded as required by the [PaddingOption]
* set for this [Base64] instance, or when there are extra symbols after the padding.
*
* @return a [ByteArray] with the resulting bytes.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.decodeFromByteArraySample
*/
public fun decode(source: ByteArray, startIndex: Int = 0, endIndex: Int = source.size): ByteArray {
checkSourceBounds(source.size, startIndex, endIndex)
val decodeSize = decodeSize(source, startIndex, endIndex)
val destination = ByteArray(decodeSize)
val bytesWritten = decodeImpl(source, destination, 0, startIndex, endIndex)
check(bytesWritten == destination.size)
return destination
}
/**
* Decodes symbols from the specified [source] array or its subrange and writes resulting bytes into the [destination] array.
* Returns the number of bytes written.
*
* The requirement, prohibition, or optionality of padding in the input symbols
* is determined by the [PaddingOption] set for this [Base64] instance.
*
* @param source the array to decode symbols from.
* @param destination the array to write bytes into.
* @param destinationOffset the starting index in the [destination] array to write bytes to, 0 by default.
* @param startIndex the beginning (inclusive) of the subrange to decode, 0 by default.
* @param endIndex the end (exclusive) of the subrange to decode, size of the [source] array by default.
*
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException when [startIndex] or [endIndex] is out of range of [source] array indices.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when `startIndex > endIndex`.
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException when the resulting bytes don't fit into the [destination] array starting at the specified [destinationOffset],
* or when that index is out of the [destination] array indices range.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when the symbols for decoding are not padded as required by the [PaddingOption]
* set for this [Base64] instance, or when there are extra symbols after the padding.
*
* @return the number of bytes written into [destination] array.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.decodeIntoByteArrayFromByteArraySample
*/
public fun decodeIntoByteArray(
source: ByteArray,
destination: ByteArray,
destinationOffset: Int = 0,
startIndex: Int = 0,
endIndex: Int = source.size
): Int {
checkSourceBounds(source.size, startIndex, endIndex)
checkDestinationBounds(destination.size, destinationOffset, decodeSize(source, startIndex, endIndex))
return decodeImpl(source, destination, destinationOffset, startIndex, endIndex)
}
/**
* Decodes symbols from the specified [source] char sequence or its substring.
* Returns a [ByteArray] containing the resulting bytes.
*
* The requirement, prohibition, or optionality of padding in the input symbols
* is determined by the [PaddingOption] set for this [Base64] instance.
*
* @param source the char sequence to decode symbols from.
* @param startIndex the beginning (inclusive) of the substring to decode, 0 by default.
* @param endIndex the end (exclusive) of the substring to decode, length of the [source] by default.
*
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException when [startIndex] or [endIndex] is out of range of [source] indices.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when `startIndex > endIndex`.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when the symbols for decoding are not padded as required by the [PaddingOption]
* set for this [Base64] instance, or when there are extra symbols after the padding.
*
* @return a [ByteArray] with the resulting bytes.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.decodeFromStringSample
*/
public fun decode(source: CharSequence, startIndex: Int = 0, endIndex: Int = source.length): ByteArray {
val byteSource = platformCharsToBytes(source, startIndex, endIndex)
return decode(byteSource)
}
/**
* Decodes symbols from the specified [source] char sequence or its substring and writes resulting bytes into the [destination] array.
* Returns the number of bytes written.
*
* The requirement, prohibition, or optionality of padding in the input symbols
* is determined by the [PaddingOption] set for this [Base64] instance.
*
* @param source the char sequence to decode symbols from.
* @param destination the array to write bytes into.
* @param destinationOffset the starting index in the [destination] array to write bytes to, 0 by default.
* @param startIndex the beginning (inclusive) of the substring to decode, 0 by default.
* @param endIndex the end (exclusive) of the substring to decode, length of the [source] by default.
*
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException when [startIndex] or [endIndex] is out of range of [source] indices.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when `startIndex > endIndex`.
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException when the resulting bytes don't fit into the [destination] array starting at the specified [destinationOffset],
* or when that index is out of the [destination] array indices range.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when the symbols for decoding are not padded as required by the [PaddingOption]
* set for this [Base64] instance, or when there are extra symbols after the padding.
*
* @return the number of bytes written into [destination] array.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.decodeIntoByteArraySample
*/
public fun decodeIntoByteArray(
source: CharSequence,
destination: ByteArray,
destinationOffset: Int = 0,
startIndex: Int = 0,
endIndex: Int = source.length
): Int {
val byteSource = platformCharsToBytes(source, startIndex, endIndex)
return decodeIntoByteArray(byteSource, destination, destinationOffset)
}
// internal functions
internal fun encodeToByteArrayImpl(source: ByteArray, startIndex: Int, endIndex: Int): ByteArray {
checkSourceBounds(source.size, startIndex, endIndex)
val encodeSize = encodeSize(endIndex - startIndex)
val destination = ByteArray(encodeSize)
encodeIntoByteArrayImpl(source, destination, 0, startIndex, endIndex)
return destination
}
internal fun encodeIntoByteArrayImpl(
source: ByteArray,
destination: ByteArray,
destinationOffset: Int,
startIndex: Int,
endIndex: Int
): Int {
checkSourceBounds(source.size, startIndex, endIndex)
checkDestinationBounds(destination.size, destinationOffset, encodeSize(endIndex - startIndex))
val encodeMap = if (isUrlSafe) base64UrlEncodeMap else base64EncodeMap
var sourceIndex = startIndex
var destinationIndex = destinationOffset
val groupsPerLine = if (isMimeScheme) mimeGroupsPerLine else Int.MAX_VALUE
while (sourceIndex + 2 < endIndex) {
val groups = minOf((endIndex - sourceIndex) / bytesPerGroup, groupsPerLine)
for (i in 0 until groups) {
val byte1 = source[sourceIndex++].toInt() and 0xFF
val byte2 = source[sourceIndex++].toInt() and 0xFF
val byte3 = source[sourceIndex++].toInt() and 0xFF
val bits = (byte1 shl 16) or (byte2 shl 8) or byte3
destination[destinationIndex++] = encodeMap[bits ushr 18]
destination[destinationIndex++] = encodeMap[(bits ushr 12) and 0x3F]
destination[destinationIndex++] = encodeMap[(bits ushr 6) and 0x3F]
destination[destinationIndex++] = encodeMap[bits and 0x3F]
}
if (groups == groupsPerLine && sourceIndex != endIndex) {
destination[destinationIndex++] = mimeLineSeparatorSymbols[0]
destination[destinationIndex++] = mimeLineSeparatorSymbols[1]
}
}
when (endIndex - sourceIndex) {
1 -> {
val byte1 = source[sourceIndex++].toInt() and 0xFF
val bits = byte1 shl 4
destination[destinationIndex++] = encodeMap[bits ushr 6]
destination[destinationIndex++] = encodeMap[bits and 0x3F]
if (shouldPadOnEncode()) {
destination[destinationIndex++] = padSymbol
destination[destinationIndex++] = padSymbol
}
}
2 -> {
val byte1 = source[sourceIndex++].toInt() and 0xFF
val byte2 = source[sourceIndex++].toInt() and 0xFF
val bits = (byte1 shl 10) or (byte2 shl 2)
destination[destinationIndex++] = encodeMap[bits ushr 12]
destination[destinationIndex++] = encodeMap[(bits ushr 6) and 0x3F]
destination[destinationIndex++] = encodeMap[bits and 0x3F]
if (shouldPadOnEncode()) {
destination[destinationIndex++] = padSymbol
}
}
}
check(sourceIndex == endIndex)
return destinationIndex - destinationOffset
}
// internal for testing
internal fun encodeSize(sourceSize: Int): Int {
// includes padding chars if shouldPadOnEncode
val groups = sourceSize / bytesPerGroup
val trailingBytes = sourceSize % bytesPerGroup
var size = groups * symbolsPerGroup
if (trailingBytes != 0) { // trailing symbols
size += if (shouldPadOnEncode()) symbolsPerGroup else trailingBytes + 1
}
if (isMimeScheme) { // line separators
size += ((size - 1) / mimeLineLength) * 2
}
if (size < 0) { // Int overflow
throw IllegalArgumentException("Input is too big")
}
return size
}
private fun shouldPadOnEncode(): Boolean =
paddingOption == PaddingOption.PRESENT || paddingOption == PaddingOption.PRESENT_OPTIONAL
private fun decodeImpl(
source: ByteArray,
destination: ByteArray,
destinationOffset: Int,
startIndex: Int,
endIndex: Int
): Int {
val decodeMap = if (isUrlSafe) base64UrlDecodeMap else base64DecodeMap
var payload = 0
var byteStart = -bitsPerByte
var sourceIndex = startIndex
var destinationIndex = destinationOffset
var hasPadding = false
while (sourceIndex < endIndex) {
if (byteStart == -bitsPerByte && sourceIndex + 3 < endIndex) {
val symbol1 = decodeMap[source[sourceIndex++].toInt() and 0xFF]
val symbol2 = decodeMap[source[sourceIndex++].toInt() and 0xFF]
val symbol3 = decodeMap[source[sourceIndex++].toInt() and 0xFF]
val symbol4 = decodeMap[source[sourceIndex++].toInt() and 0xFF]
val bits = (symbol1 shl 18) or (symbol2 shl 12) or (symbol3 shl 6) or symbol4
if (bits >= 0) { // all base64 symbols
destination[destinationIndex++] = (bits shr 16).toByte()
destination[destinationIndex++] = (bits shr 8).toByte()
destination[destinationIndex++] = bits.toByte()
continue
}
sourceIndex -= 4
}
val symbol = source[sourceIndex].toInt() and 0xFF
val symbolBits = decodeMap[symbol]
if (symbolBits < 0) {
if (symbolBits == -2) {
hasPadding = true
sourceIndex = handlePaddingSymbol(source, sourceIndex, endIndex, byteStart)
break
} else if (isMimeScheme) {
sourceIndex += 1
continue
} else {
throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid symbol '${symbol.toChar()}'(${symbol.toString(radix = 8)}) at index $sourceIndex")
}
} else {
sourceIndex += 1
}
payload = (payload shl bitsPerSymbol) or symbolBits
byteStart += bitsPerSymbol
if (byteStart >= 0) {
destination[destinationIndex++] = (payload ushr byteStart).toByte()
payload = payload and ((1 shl byteStart) - 1)
byteStart -= bitsPerByte
}
}
// pad or end of input
if (byteStart == -bitsPerByte + bitsPerSymbol) { // dangling single symbol, incorrectly encoded
throw IllegalArgumentException("The last unit of input does not have enough bits")
}
if (byteStart != -bitsPerByte && !hasPadding && paddingOption == PaddingOption.PRESENT) {
throw IllegalArgumentException("The padding option is set to PRESENT, but the input is not properly padded")
}
if (payload != 0) { // the pad bits are non-zero
throw IllegalArgumentException("The pad bits must be zeros")
}
sourceIndex = skipIllegalSymbolsIfMime(source, sourceIndex, endIndex)
if (sourceIndex < endIndex) {
val symbol = source[sourceIndex].toInt() and 0xFF
throw IllegalArgumentException("Symbol '${symbol.toChar()}'(${symbol.toString(radix = 8)}) at index ${sourceIndex - 1} is prohibited after the pad character")
}
return destinationIndex - destinationOffset
}
// internal for testing
internal fun decodeSize(source: ByteArray, startIndex: Int, endIndex: Int): Int {
var symbols = endIndex - startIndex
if (symbols == 0) {
return 0
}
if (symbols == 1) {
throw IllegalArgumentException("Input should have at least 2 symbols for Base64 decoding, startIndex: $startIndex, endIndex: $endIndex")
}
if (isMimeScheme) {
for (index in startIndex until endIndex) {
val symbol = source[index].toInt() and 0xFF
val symbolBits = base64DecodeMap[symbol]
if (symbolBits < 0) {
if (symbolBits == -2) {
symbols -= endIndex - index
break
}
symbols--
}
}
} else if (source[endIndex - 1] == padSymbol) {
symbols--
if (source[endIndex - 2] == padSymbol) {
symbols--
}
}
return ((symbols.toLong() * bitsPerSymbol) / bitsPerByte).toInt() // conversion due to possible Int overflow
}
internal fun charsToBytesImpl(source: CharSequence, startIndex: Int, endIndex: Int): ByteArray {
checkSourceBounds(source.length, startIndex, endIndex)
val byteArray = ByteArray(endIndex - startIndex)
var length = 0
for (index in startIndex until endIndex) {
val symbol = source[index].code
if (symbol <= 0xFF) {
byteArray[length++] = symbol.toByte()
} else {
// the replacement byte must be an illegal symbol
// so that mime skips it and basic throws with correct index
byteArray[length++] = 0x3F
}
}
return byteArray
}
internal fun bytesToStringImpl(source: ByteArray): String {
val stringBuilder = StringBuilder(source.size)
for (byte in source) {
stringBuilder.append(byte.toInt().toChar())
}
return stringBuilder.toString()
}
private fun handlePaddingSymbol(source: ByteArray, padIndex: Int, endIndex: Int, byteStart: Int): Int {
return when (byteStart) {
-bitsPerByte -> // =
throw IllegalArgumentException("Redundant pad character at index $padIndex")
-bitsPerByte + bitsPerSymbol -> // x=, dangling single symbol
padIndex + 1
-bitsPerByte + 2 * bitsPerSymbol - bitsPerByte -> { // xx=
checkPaddingIsAllowed(padIndex)
val secondPadIndex = skipIllegalSymbolsIfMime(source, padIndex + 1, endIndex)
if (secondPadIndex == endIndex || source[secondPadIndex] != padSymbol) {
throw IllegalArgumentException("Missing one pad character at index $secondPadIndex")
}
secondPadIndex + 1
}
-bitsPerByte + 3 * bitsPerSymbol - 2 * bitsPerByte -> { // xxx=
checkPaddingIsAllowed(padIndex)
padIndex + 1
}
else ->
error("Unreachable")
}
}
private fun checkPaddingIsAllowed(padIndex: Int) {
if (paddingOption == PaddingOption.ABSENT) {
throw IllegalArgumentException(
"The padding option is set to ABSENT, but the input has a pad character at index $padIndex"
)
}
}
private fun skipIllegalSymbolsIfMime(source: ByteArray, startIndex: Int, endIndex: Int): Int {
if (!isMimeScheme) {
return startIndex
}
var sourceIndex = startIndex
while (sourceIndex < endIndex) {
val symbol = source[sourceIndex].toInt() and 0xFF
if (base64DecodeMap[symbol] != -1) {
return sourceIndex
}
sourceIndex += 1
}
return sourceIndex
}
internal fun checkSourceBounds(sourceSize: Int, startIndex: Int, endIndex: Int) {
AbstractList.checkBoundsIndexes(startIndex, endIndex, sourceSize)
}
private fun checkDestinationBounds(destinationSize: Int, destinationOffset: Int, capacityNeeded: Int) {
if (destinationOffset < 0 || destinationOffset > destinationSize) {
throw IndexOutOfBoundsException("destination offset: $destinationOffset, destination size: $destinationSize")
}
val destinationEndIndex = destinationOffset + capacityNeeded
if (destinationEndIndex < 0 || destinationEndIndex > destinationSize) {
throw IndexOutOfBoundsException(
"The destination array does not have enough capacity, " +
"destination offset: $destinationOffset, destination size: $destinationSize, capacity needed: $capacityNeeded"
)
}
}
// companion object
/**
* The "base64" encoding specified by [`RFC 4648 section 4`](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4648#section-4),
* Base 64 Encoding.
*
* Uses "The Base 64 Alphabet" as specified in Table 1 of RFC 4648 for encoding and decoding, consisting of
* `'A'..'Z'`, `'a'..'z'`, `'+'` and `'/'` characters.
*
* This instance is configured with the padding option set to [PaddingOption.PRESENT].
* Use the [withPadding] function to create a new instance with a different padding option if necessary.
*
* Encode operation does not add any line separator character.
* Decode operation throws if it encounters a character outside the base64 alphabet.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.defaultEncodingSample
*/
public companion object Default : Base64(isUrlSafe = false, isMimeScheme = false, PaddingOption.PRESENT) {
private const val bitsPerByte: Int = 8
private const val bitsPerSymbol: Int = 6
internal const val bytesPerGroup: Int = 3
internal const val symbolsPerGroup: Int = 4
internal const val padSymbol: Byte = 61 // '='
internal const val mimeLineLength: Int = 76
private const val mimeGroupsPerLine: Int = mimeLineLength / symbolsPerGroup
internal val mimeLineSeparatorSymbols: ByteArray = byteArrayOf('\r'.code.toByte(), '\n'.code.toByte())
/**
* The "base64url" encoding specified by [`RFC 4648 section 5`](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4648#section-5),
* Base 64 Encoding with URL and Filename Safe Alphabet.
*
* Uses "The URL and Filename safe Base 64 Alphabet" as specified in Table 2 of RFC 4648 for encoding and decoding,
* consisting of `'A'..'Z'`, `'a'..'z'`, `'-'` and `'_'` characters.
*
* This instance is configured with the padding option set to [PaddingOption.PRESENT].
* Use the [withPadding] function to create a new instance with a different padding option if necessary.
*
* Encode operation does not add any line separator character.
* Decode operation throws if it encounters a character outside the base64url alphabet.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.urlSafeEncodingSample
*/
public val UrlSafe: Base64 = Base64(isUrlSafe = true, isMimeScheme = false, PaddingOption.PRESENT)
/**
* The encoding specified by [`RFC 2045 section 6.8`](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2045#section-6.8),
* Base64 Content-Transfer-Encoding.
*
* Uses "The Base64 Alphabet" as specified in Table 1 of RFC 2045 for encoding and decoding,
* consisting of `'A'..'Z'`, `'a'..'z'`, `'+'` and `'/'` characters.
*
* This instance is configured with the padding option set to [PaddingOption.PRESENT].
* Use the [withPadding] function to create a new instance with a different padding option if necessary.
*
* Encode operation adds CRLF every 76 symbols. No line separator is added to the end of the encoded output.
* Decode operation ignores all line separators and other characters outside the base64 alphabet.
*
* @sample samples.io.encoding.Base64Samples.mimeEncodingSample
*/
public val Mime: Base64 = Base64(isUrlSafe = false, isMimeScheme = true, PaddingOption.PRESENT)
}
}
// "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"
private val base64EncodeMap = byteArrayOf(
65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, /* 0 - 15 */
81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, /* 16 - 31 */
103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, /* 32 - 47 */
119, 120, 121, 122, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 43, 47, /* 48 - 63 */
)
@ExperimentalEncodingApi
private val base64DecodeMap = IntArray(256).apply {
this.fill(-1)
this[Base64.padSymbol.toInt()] = -2
base64EncodeMap.forEachIndexed { index, symbol ->
this[symbol.toInt()] = index
}
}
// "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
private val base64UrlEncodeMap = byteArrayOf(
65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, /* 0 - 15 */
81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, /* 16 - 31 */
103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, /* 32 - 47 */
119, 120, 121, 122, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 45, 95, /* 48 - 63 */
)
@ExperimentalEncodingApi
private val base64UrlDecodeMap = IntArray(256).apply {
this.fill(-1)
this[Base64.padSymbol.toInt()] = -2
base64UrlEncodeMap.forEachIndexed { index, symbol ->
this[symbol.toInt()] = index
}
}
@SinceKotlin("1.8")
@ExperimentalEncodingApi
internal fun isInMimeAlphabet(symbol: Int): Boolean {
return symbol in base64DecodeMap.indices && base64DecodeMap[symbol] != -1
}
@SinceKotlin("1.8")
@ExperimentalEncodingApi
internal expect fun Base64.platformCharsToBytes(
source: CharSequence,
startIndex: Int,
endIndex: Int
): ByteArray
@SinceKotlin("1.8")
@ExperimentalEncodingApi
internal expect fun Base64.platformEncodeToString(
source: ByteArray,
startIndex: Int,
endIndex: Int
): String
@SinceKotlin("1.8")
@ExperimentalEncodingApi
internal expect fun Base64.platformEncodeIntoByteArray(
source: ByteArray,
destination: ByteArray,
destinationOffset: Int,
startIndex: Int,
endIndex: Int
): Int
@SinceKotlin("1.8")
@ExperimentalEncodingApi
internal expect fun Base64.platformEncodeToByteArray(
source: ByteArray,
startIndex: Int,
endIndex: Int
): ByteArray
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