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/*
* Copyright (c) 2009-2016, Data Geekery GmbH (http://www.datageekery.com)
* All rights reserved.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
* Other licenses:
* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Commercial licenses for this work are available. These replace the above
* ASL 2.0 and offer limited warranties, support, maintenance, and commercial
* database integrations.
*
* For more information, please visit: http://www.jooq.org/licenses
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*/
package org.jooq.impl;
import static java.lang.Boolean.TRUE;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_CONNECT_BY;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_EXCEPT;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_EXCEPT_ALL;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_FROM;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_GROUP_BY;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_HAVING;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_INTERSECT;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_INTERSECT_ALL;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_INTO;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_ORDER_BY;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_SELECT;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_START_WITH;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_UNION;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_UNION_ALL;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_WHERE;
import static org.jooq.Clause.SELECT_WINDOW;
import static org.jooq.Operator.OR;
// ...
// ...
// ...
import static org.jooq.SQLDialect.CUBRID;
// ...
// ...
import static org.jooq.SQLDialect.DERBY;
import static org.jooq.SQLDialect.FIREBIRD;
import static org.jooq.SQLDialect.H2;
// ...
import static org.jooq.SQLDialect.HSQLDB;
// ...
// ...
import static org.jooq.SQLDialect.MARIADB;
import static org.jooq.SQLDialect.MYSQL;
// ...
import static org.jooq.SQLDialect.POSTGRES;
// ...
import static org.jooq.SQLDialect.SQLITE;
// ...
// ...
// ...
// ...
// ...
import static org.jooq.SortOrder.ASC;
import static org.jooq.impl.CombineOperator.EXCEPT;
import static org.jooq.impl.CombineOperator.EXCEPT_ALL;
import static org.jooq.impl.CombineOperator.INTERSECT;
import static org.jooq.impl.CombineOperator.INTERSECT_ALL;
import static org.jooq.impl.CombineOperator.UNION;
import static org.jooq.impl.CombineOperator.UNION_ALL;
import static org.jooq.impl.DSL.inline;
import static org.jooq.impl.DSL.name;
import static org.jooq.impl.DSL.one;
import static org.jooq.impl.DSL.orderBy;
import static org.jooq.impl.DSL.row;
import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.fieldArray;
import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.hasAmbiguousNames;
import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.DataKey.DATA_COLLECTED_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN;
import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.DataKey.DATA_COLLECT_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN;
import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.DataKey.DATA_INSERT_SELECT_WITHOUT_INSERT_COLUMN_LIST;
import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.DataKey.DATA_LOCALLY_SCOPED_DATA_MAP;
import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.DataKey.DATA_OMIT_INTO_CLAUSE;
import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.DataKey.DATA_OVERRIDE_ALIASES_IN_ORDER_BY;
import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.DataKey.DATA_RENDER_TRAILING_LIMIT_IF_APPLICABLE;
import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.DataKey.DATA_ROW_VALUE_EXPRESSION_PREDICATE_SUBQUERY;
import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.DataKey.DATA_SELECT_INTO_TABLE;
import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.DataKey.DATA_UNALIAS_ALIASES_IN_ORDER_BY;
import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.DataKey.DATA_WINDOW_DEFINITIONS;
import static org.jooq.impl.Tools.DataKey.DATA_WRAP_DERIVED_TABLES_IN_PARENTHESES;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import org.jooq.Clause;
import org.jooq.Condition;
import org.jooq.Configuration;
import org.jooq.Context;
import org.jooq.DataType;
import org.jooq.Field;
import org.jooq.ForeignKey;
import org.jooq.GroupField;
import org.jooq.JoinType;
import org.jooq.Name;
import org.jooq.Operator;
import org.jooq.Param;
import org.jooq.Record;
import org.jooq.Row;
import org.jooq.SQLDialect;
import org.jooq.Select;
import org.jooq.SelectField;
import org.jooq.SelectQuery;
import org.jooq.SortField;
import org.jooq.Table;
import org.jooq.TableField;
import org.jooq.TableLike;
import org.jooq.TableOnStep;
import org.jooq.TablePartitionByStep;
import org.jooq.WindowDefinition;
import org.jooq.exception.DataAccessException;
import org.jooq.impl.Tools.DataKey;
import org.jooq.tools.StringUtils;
/**
* A sub-select is a SELECT statement that can be combined with
* other SELECT statement in UNIONs and similar
* operations.
*
* @author Lukas Eder
*/
final class SelectQueryImpl extends AbstractResultQuery implements SelectQuery {
/**
* Generated UID
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1646393178384872967L;
private static final Clause[] CLAUSES = { SELECT };
private final WithImpl with;
private final SelectFieldList select;
private Table into;
private String hint;
private String option;
private boolean distinct;
private final QueryPartList> distinctOn;
private boolean forUpdate;
private final QueryPartList> forUpdateOf;
private final TableList forUpdateOfTables;
private ForUpdateMode forUpdateMode;
private int forUpdateWait;
private boolean forShare;
private final TableList from;
private final ConditionProviderImpl condition;
private final ConditionProviderImpl connectBy;
private boolean connectByNoCycle;
private final ConditionProviderImpl connectByStartWith;
private boolean grouping;
private final QueryPartList groupBy;
private final ConditionProviderImpl having;
private final WindowList window;
private final SortFieldList orderBy;
private boolean orderBySiblings;
private final QueryPartList> seek;
private boolean seekBefore;
private final Limit limit;
private final List unionOp;
private final List>> union;
private final SortFieldList unionOrderBy;
private boolean unionOrderBySiblings; // [#3579] TODO
private final QueryPartList> unionSeek;
private boolean unionSeekBefore; // [#3579] TODO
private final Limit unionLimit;
SelectQueryImpl(Configuration configuration, WithImpl with) {
this(configuration, with, null);
}
SelectQueryImpl(Configuration configuration, WithImpl with, boolean distinct) {
this(configuration, with, null, distinct);
}
SelectQueryImpl(Configuration configuration, WithImpl with, TableLike from) {
this(configuration, with, from, false);
}
SelectQueryImpl(Configuration configuration, WithImpl with, TableLike from, boolean distinct) {
super(configuration);
this.with = with;
this.distinct = distinct;
this.distinctOn = new QueryPartList>();
this.select = new SelectFieldList();
this.from = new TableList();
this.condition = new ConditionProviderImpl();
this.connectBy = new ConditionProviderImpl();
this.connectByStartWith = new ConditionProviderImpl();
this.groupBy = new QueryPartList();
this.having = new ConditionProviderImpl();
this.window = new WindowList();
this.orderBy = new SortFieldList();
this.seek = new QueryPartList>();
this.limit = new Limit();
this.unionOp = new ArrayList();
this.union = new ArrayList>>();
this.unionOrderBy = new SortFieldList();
this.unionSeek = new QueryPartList>();
this.unionLimit = new Limit();
if (from != null) {
this.from.add(from.asTable());
}
this.forUpdateOf = new QueryPartList>();
this.forUpdateOfTables = new TableList();
}
@Override
public final int fetchCount() throws DataAccessException {
return DSL.using(configuration()).fetchCount(this);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public final Field asField() {
List> s = getSelect();
if (s.size() != 1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Can only use single-column ResultProviderQuery as a field");
}
return new ScalarSubquery(this, (DataType) s.get(0).getDataType());
}
@Override
public final Field asField(String alias) {
return this. asField().as(alias);
}
@Override
public Field asField(Function, ? extends String> aliasFunction) {
return this. asField().as(aliasFunction);
}
@Override
public final Row fieldsRow() {
return asTable().fieldsRow();
}
@Override
public final Stream> fieldStream() {
return Stream.of(fields());
}
@Override
public final Field field(Field field) {
return asTable().field(field);
}
@Override
public final Field field(String string) {
return asTable().field(string);
}
@Override
public final Field field(String name, Class type) {
return asTable().field(name, type);
}
@Override
public final Field field(String name, DataType dataType) {
return asTable().field(name, dataType);
}
@Override
public final Field field(Name string) {
return asTable().field(string);
}
@Override
public final Field field(Name name, Class type) {
return asTable().field(name, type);
}
@Override
public final Field field(Name name, DataType dataType) {
return asTable().field(name, dataType);
}
@Override
public final Field field(int index) {
return asTable().field(index);
}
@Override
public final Field field(int index, Class type) {
return asTable().field(index, type);
}
@Override
public final Field field(int index, DataType dataType) {
return asTable().field(index, dataType);
}
@Override
public final Field[] fields() {
return asTable().fields();
}
@Override
public final Field[] fields(Field... fields) {
return asTable().fields(fields);
}
@Override
public final Field[] fields(String... fieldNames) {
return asTable().fields(fieldNames);
}
@Override
public final Field[] fields(Name... fieldNames) {
return asTable().fields(fieldNames);
}
@Override
public final Field[] fields(int... fieldIndexes) {
return asTable().fields(fieldIndexes);
}
@Override
public final Table asTable() {
// Its usually better to alias nested selects that are used in
// the FROM clause of a query
return new DerivedTable(this).as("alias_" + Tools.hash(this));
}
@Override
public final Table asTable(String alias) {
return new DerivedTable(this).as(alias);
}
@Override
public final Table asTable(String alias, String... fieldAliases) {
return new DerivedTable(this).as(alias, fieldAliases);
}
@Override
public final Table asTable(String alias, Function, ? extends String> aliasFunction) {
return new DerivedTable(this).as(alias, aliasFunction);
}
@Override
public final Table asTable(String alias, BiFunction, ? super Integer, ? extends String> aliasFunction) {
return new DerivedTable(this).as(alias, aliasFunction);
}
@Override
protected final Field[] getFields(ResultSetMetaData meta) {
// [#1808] TODO: Restrict this field list, in case a restricting fetch()
// method was called to get here
List> fields = getSelect();
// If no projection was specified explicitly, create fields from result
// set meta data instead. This is typically the case for SELECT * ...
if (fields.isEmpty()) {
Configuration configuration = configuration();
return new MetaDataFieldProvider(configuration, meta).getFields();
}
return fieldArray(fields);
}
@Override
public final Clause[] clauses(Context ctx) {
return CLAUSES;
}
@Override
public final void accept(Context context) {
SQLDialect dialect = context.dialect();
SQLDialect family = context.family();
// [#2791] TODO: Instead of explicitly manipulating these data() objects, future versions
// of jOOQ should implement a push / pop semantics to clearly delimit such scope.
Object renderTrailingLimit = context.data(DATA_RENDER_TRAILING_LIMIT_IF_APPLICABLE);
Object localDataMap = context.data(DATA_LOCALLY_SCOPED_DATA_MAP);
try {
if (renderTrailingLimit != null)
context.data().remove(DATA_RENDER_TRAILING_LIMIT_IF_APPLICABLE);
context.data(DATA_LOCALLY_SCOPED_DATA_MAP, new HashMap());
if (into != null
&& context.data(DATA_OMIT_INTO_CLAUSE) == null
&& asList(CUBRID, DERBY, FIREBIRD, H2, HSQLDB, MARIADB, MYSQL, POSTGRES, SQLITE).contains(family)) {
context.data(DATA_OMIT_INTO_CLAUSE, true);
context.visit(DSL.createTable(into).as(this));
context.data().remove(DATA_OMIT_INTO_CLAUSE);
return;
}
if (with != null)
context.visit(with).formatSeparator();
pushWindow(context);
Boolean wrapDerivedTables = (Boolean) context.data(DATA_WRAP_DERIVED_TABLES_IN_PARENTHESES);
if (TRUE.equals(wrapDerivedTables)) {
context.sql('(')
.formatIndentStart()
.formatNewLine()
.data(DATA_WRAP_DERIVED_TABLES_IN_PARENTHESES, null);
}
switch (dialect) {
// By default, render the dialect's limit clause
default: {
toSQLReferenceLimitDefault(context);
break;
}
}
// [#1296] FOR UPDATE is emulated in some dialects using ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
if (forUpdate && !asList(CUBRID).contains(family)) {
context.formatSeparator()
.keyword("for update");
if (!forUpdateOf.isEmpty()) {
// [#4151] Some databases don't allow for qualifying column
// names here. Copy also to TableList
boolean unqualified = asList(DERBY, FIREBIRD, H2, HSQLDB).contains(context.family());
boolean qualify = context.qualify();
if (unqualified)
context.qualify(false);
context.sql(' ').keyword("of")
.sql(' ').visit(forUpdateOf);
if (unqualified)
context.qualify(qualify);
}
else if (!forUpdateOfTables.isEmpty()) {
context.sql(' ').keyword("of").sql(' ');
switch (family) {
// Some dialects don't allow for an OF [table-names] clause
// It can be emulated by listing the table's fields, though
case DERBY: {
forUpdateOfTables.toSQLFields(context);
break;
}
// Render the OF [table-names] clause
default:
Tools.tableNames(context, forUpdateOfTables);
break;
}
}
// [#3186] Firebird's FOR UPDATE clause has a different semantics. To achieve "regular"
// FOR UPDATE semantics, we should use FOR UPDATE WITH LOCK
if (family == FIREBIRD) {
context.sql(' ').keyword("with lock");
}
if (forUpdateMode != null) {
context.sql(' ');
context.keyword(forUpdateMode.toSQL());
if (forUpdateMode == ForUpdateMode.WAIT) {
context.sql(' ');
context.sql(forUpdateWait);
}
}
}
else if (forShare) {
switch (dialect) {
// MySQL has a non-standard implementation for the "FOR SHARE" clause
case MARIADB:
case MYSQL:
context.formatSeparator()
.keyword("lock in share mode");
break;
// Postgres is known to implement the "FOR SHARE" clause like this
default:
context.formatSeparator()
.keyword("for share");
break;
}
}
// [#1952] SQL Server OPTION() clauses as well as many other optional
// end-of-query clauses are appended to the end of a query
if (!StringUtils.isBlank(option)) {
context.formatSeparator()
.sql(option);
}
if (TRUE.equals(wrapDerivedTables)) {
context.formatIndentEnd()
.formatNewLine()
.sql(')')
.data(DATA_WRAP_DERIVED_TABLES_IN_PARENTHESES, true);
}
}
finally {
context.data(DATA_LOCALLY_SCOPED_DATA_MAP, localDataMap);
if (renderTrailingLimit != null)
context.data(DATA_RENDER_TRAILING_LIMIT_IF_APPLICABLE, renderTrailingLimit);
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private final void pushWindow(Context context) {
// [#531] [#2790] Make the WINDOW clause available to the SELECT clause
// to be able to inline window definitions if the WINDOW clause is not
// supported.
if (!getWindow().isEmpty()) {
((Map) context.data(DATA_LOCALLY_SCOPED_DATA_MAP)).put(DATA_WINDOW_DEFINITIONS, getWindow());
}
}
/**
* The default LIMIT / OFFSET clause in most dialects
*/
private void toSQLReferenceLimitDefault(Context context) {
Object data = context.data(DATA_RENDER_TRAILING_LIMIT_IF_APPLICABLE);
context.data(DATA_RENDER_TRAILING_LIMIT_IF_APPLICABLE, true);
toSQLReference0(context);
if (data == null)
context.data().remove(DATA_RENDER_TRAILING_LIMIT_IF_APPLICABLE);
else
context.data(DATA_RENDER_TRAILING_LIMIT_IF_APPLICABLE, data);
}
/**
* This method renders the main part of a query without the LIMIT clause.
* This part is common to any type of limited query
*/
private final void toSQLReference0(Context context) {
toSQLReference0(context, null, null);
}
/**
* This method renders the main part of a query without the LIMIT clause.
* This part is common to any type of limited query
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private final void toSQLReference0(Context context, Field[] originalFields, Field[] alternativeFields) {
SQLDialect dialect = context.dialect();
SQLDialect family = dialect.family();
int unionOpSize = unionOp.size();
// The SQL standard specifies:
//
// ::=
// [ ]
// [ ] [ ] [ ]
//
// Depending on the dialect and on various syntax elements, parts of the above must be wrapped in
// synthetic parentheses
boolean wrapQueryExpressionInDerivedTable;
boolean wrapQueryExpressionBodyInDerivedTable = false;
wrapQueryExpressionInDerivedTable = false
// [#2995] Prevent the generation of wrapping parentheses around the
// INSERT .. SELECT statement's SELECT because they would be
// interpreted as the (missing) INSERT column list's parens.
|| (context.data(DATA_INSERT_SELECT_WITHOUT_INSERT_COLUMN_LIST) != null && unionOpSize > 0);
if (wrapQueryExpressionInDerivedTable)
context.keyword("select").sql(" *")
.formatSeparator()
.keyword("from").sql(" (")
.formatIndentStart()
.formatNewLine();
// [#1658] jOOQ applies left-associativity to set operators. In order to enforce that across
// all databases, we need to wrap relevant subqueries in parentheses.
if (unionOpSize > 0) {
for (int i = unionOpSize - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
switch (unionOp.get(i)) {
case EXCEPT: context.start(SELECT_EXCEPT); break;
case EXCEPT_ALL: context.start(SELECT_EXCEPT_ALL); break;
case INTERSECT: context.start(SELECT_INTERSECT); break;
case INTERSECT_ALL: context.start(SELECT_INTERSECT_ALL); break;
case UNION: context.start(SELECT_UNION); break;
case UNION_ALL: context.start(SELECT_UNION_ALL); break;
}
unionParenthesis(context, "(");
}
}
// SELECT clause
// -------------
context.start(SELECT_SELECT)
.keyword("select")
.sql(' ');
// [#1493] Oracle hints come directly after the SELECT keyword
if (!StringUtils.isBlank(hint)) {
context.sql(hint).sql(' ');
}
if (!distinctOn.isEmpty()) {
context.keyword("distinct on").sql(" (").visit(distinctOn).sql(") ");
}
else if (distinct) {
context.keyword("distinct").sql(' ');
}
context.declareFields(true);
// [#2335] When emulating LIMIT .. OFFSET, the SELECT clause needs to generate
// non-ambiguous column names as ambiguous column names are not allowed in subqueries
if (alternativeFields != null) {
if (wrapQueryExpressionBodyInDerivedTable && originalFields.length < alternativeFields.length)
context.visit(new SelectFieldList(Arrays.copyOf(alternativeFields, alternativeFields.length - 1)));
else
context.visit(new SelectFieldList(alternativeFields));
}
// [#1905] H2 only knows arrays, no row value expressions. Subqueries
// in the context of a row value expression predicate have to render
// arrays explicitly, as the subquery doesn't form an implicit RVE
else if (context.subquery() && dialect == H2 && context.data(DATA_ROW_VALUE_EXPRESSION_PREDICATE_SUBQUERY) != null) {
Object data = context.data(DATA_ROW_VALUE_EXPRESSION_PREDICATE_SUBQUERY);
try {
context.data(DATA_ROW_VALUE_EXPRESSION_PREDICATE_SUBQUERY, null);
context.sql('(')
.visit(getSelect1())
.sql(')');
}
finally {
context.data(DATA_ROW_VALUE_EXPRESSION_PREDICATE_SUBQUERY, data);
}
}
// The default behaviour
else {
context.visit(getSelect1());
}
context.declareFields(false)
.end(SELECT_SELECT);
// INTO clauses
// ------------
// [#4910] This clause (and the Clause.SELECT_INTO signal) must be emitted
// only in top level SELECTs
if (!context.subquery() && !asList().contains(family)) {
context.start(SELECT_INTO);
Table actualInto = (Table) context.data(DATA_SELECT_INTO_TABLE);
if (actualInto == null)
actualInto = into;
if (actualInto != null
&& context.data(DATA_OMIT_INTO_CLAUSE) == null
&& asList(HSQLDB, POSTGRES).contains(family)) {
context.formatSeparator()
.keyword("into")
.sql(' ')
.visit(actualInto);
}
context.end(SELECT_INTO);
}
// FROM and JOIN clauses
// ---------------------
context.start(SELECT_FROM)
.declareTables(true);
// [#....] Some SQL dialects do not require a FROM clause. Others do and
// jOOQ generates a "DUAL" table or something equivalent.
// See also org.jooq.impl.Dual for details.
boolean hasFrom = !getFrom().isEmpty()
|| asList(CUBRID, DERBY, FIREBIRD, HSQLDB, MARIADB, MYSQL).contains(family)
;
List semiAntiJoinPredicates = null;
if (hasFrom) {
Object previousCollect = context.data(DATA_COLLECT_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN, true);
Object previousCollected = context.data(DATA_COLLECTED_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN, null);
context.formatSeparator()
.keyword("from")
.sql(' ')
.visit(getFrom());
semiAntiJoinPredicates = (List) context.data(DATA_COLLECTED_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN, previousCollected);
context.data(DATA_COLLECT_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN, previousCollect);
}
context.declareTables(false)
.end(SELECT_FROM);
// WHERE clause
// ------------
context.start(SELECT_WHERE);
if (getWhere().getWhere() instanceof TrueCondition && semiAntiJoinPredicates == null)
;
else {
ConditionProviderImpl where = new ConditionProviderImpl();
if (semiAntiJoinPredicates != null)
where.addConditions(semiAntiJoinPredicates);
if (!(getWhere().getWhere() instanceof TrueCondition))
where.addConditions(getWhere());
context.formatSeparator()
.keyword("where")
.sql(' ')
.visit(where);
}
context.end(SELECT_WHERE);
// CONNECT BY clause
// -----------------
// CUBRID supports this clause only as [ START WITH .. ] CONNECT BY
// Oracle also knows the CONNECT BY .. [ START WITH ] alternative
// syntax
context.start(SELECT_START_WITH);
if (!(getConnectByStartWith().getWhere() instanceof TrueCondition)) {
context.formatSeparator()
.keyword("start with")
.sql(' ')
.visit(getConnectByStartWith());
}
context.end(SELECT_START_WITH);
context.start(SELECT_CONNECT_BY);
if (!(getConnectBy().getWhere() instanceof TrueCondition)) {
context.formatSeparator()
.keyword("connect by");
if (connectByNoCycle) {
context.sql(' ').keyword("nocycle");
}
context.sql(' ').visit(getConnectBy());
}
context.end(SELECT_CONNECT_BY);
// GROUP BY and HAVING clause
// --------------------------
context.start(SELECT_GROUP_BY);
if (grouping) {
context.formatSeparator()
.keyword("group by")
.sql(' ');
// [#1665] Empty GROUP BY () clauses need parentheses
if (getGroupBy().isEmpty()) {
// [#1681] Use the constant field from the dummy table Sybase ASE, Ingres
if (asList().contains(family)) {
context.sql("empty_grouping_dummy_table.dual");
}
// [#4292] Some dialects accept constant expressions in GROUP BY
// Note that dialects may consider constants as indexed field
// references, as in the ORDER BY clause!
else if (asList(DERBY).contains(family)) {
context.sql('0');
}
// [#4447] CUBRID can't handle subqueries in GROUP BY
else if (family == CUBRID) {
context.sql("1 + 0");
}
// [#4292] Some dialects don't support empty GROUP BY () clauses
else if (asList(FIREBIRD, HSQLDB, MARIADB, MYSQL, POSTGRES, SQLITE).contains(family)) {
context.sql('(').visit(DSL.select(one())).sql(')');
}
// Few dialects support the SQL standard "grand total" (i.e. empty grouping set)
else {
context.sql("()");
}
}
else {
context.visit(getGroupBy());
}
}
context.end(SELECT_GROUP_BY);
// HAVING clause
// -------------
context.start(SELECT_HAVING);
if (!(getHaving().getWhere() instanceof TrueCondition)) {
context.formatSeparator()
.keyword("having")
.sql(' ')
.visit(getHaving());
}
context.end(SELECT_HAVING);
// WINDOW clause
// -------------
context.start(SELECT_WINDOW);
if (!getWindow().isEmpty() && asList(POSTGRES).contains(family)) {
context.formatSeparator()
.keyword("window")
.sql(' ')
.declareWindows(true)
.visit(getWindow())
.declareWindows(false);
}
context.end(SELECT_WINDOW);
// ORDER BY clause for local subselect
// -----------------------------------
toSQLOrderBy(
context,
originalFields, alternativeFields,
false, wrapQueryExpressionBodyInDerivedTable,
orderBy, limit
);
// SET operations like UNION, EXCEPT, INTERSECT
// --------------------------------------------
if (unionOpSize > 0) {
unionParenthesis(context, ")");
for (int i = 0; i < unionOpSize; i++) {
CombineOperator op = unionOp.get(i);
for (Select other : union.get(i)) {
context.formatSeparator()
.keyword(op.toSQL(dialect))
.sql(' ');
unionParenthesis(context, "(");
context.visit(other);
unionParenthesis(context, ")");
}
// [#1658] Close parentheses opened previously
if (i < unionOpSize - 1)
unionParenthesis(context, ")");
switch (unionOp.get(i)) {
case EXCEPT: context.end(SELECT_EXCEPT); break;
case EXCEPT_ALL: context.end(SELECT_EXCEPT_ALL); break;
case INTERSECT: context.end(SELECT_INTERSECT); break;
case INTERSECT_ALL: context.end(SELECT_INTERSECT_ALL); break;
case UNION: context.end(SELECT_UNION); break;
case UNION_ALL: context.end(SELECT_UNION_ALL); break;
}
}
}
// ORDER BY clause for UNION
// -------------------------
boolean qualify = context.qualify();
try {
context.qualify(false);
toSQLOrderBy(
context,
originalFields, alternativeFields,
wrapQueryExpressionInDerivedTable, wrapQueryExpressionBodyInDerivedTable,
unionOrderBy, unionLimit
);
}
finally {
context.qualify(qualify);
}
}
private final void toSQLOrderBy(
Context context,
Field[] originalFields, Field[] alternativeFields,
boolean wrapQueryExpressionInDerivedTable, boolean wrapQueryExpressionBodyInDerivedTable,
SortFieldList actualOrderBy,
Limit actualLimit
) {
context.start(SELECT_ORDER_BY);
if (!actualOrderBy.isEmpty()) {
context.formatSeparator()
.keyword("order")
.sql(orderBySiblings ? " " : "")
.keyword(orderBySiblings ? "siblings" : "")
.sql(' ')
.keyword("by")
.sql(' ');
{
context.visit(actualOrderBy);
}
}
context.end(SELECT_ORDER_BY);
if (wrapQueryExpressionInDerivedTable)
context.formatIndentEnd()
.formatNewLine()
.sql(") x");
if (context.data().containsKey(DATA_RENDER_TRAILING_LIMIT_IF_APPLICABLE) && actualLimit.isApplicable())
context.visit(actualLimit);
}
private final void unionParenthesis(Context ctx, String parenthesis) {
if (")".equals(parenthesis)) {
ctx.formatIndentEnd()
.formatNewLine();
}
// [#3579] Nested set operators aren't supported in some databases. Emulate them via derived tables...
else if ("(".equals(parenthesis)) {
switch (ctx.family()) {
case DERBY:
case SQLITE:
case MARIADB:
case MYSQL:
ctx.formatNewLine()
.keyword("select")
.sql(" *")
.formatSeparator()
.keyword("from")
.sql(' ');
break;
}
}
// [#3579] ... but don't use derived tables to emulate nested set operators for Firebird, as that
// only causes many more issues in various contexts where they are not allowed:
// - Recursive CTE
// - INSERT SELECT
// - Derived tables with undefined column names (see also [#3679])
switch (ctx.family()) {
case FIREBIRD:
break;
default:
ctx.sql(parenthesis);
break;
}
if ("(".equals(parenthesis)) {
ctx.formatIndentStart()
.formatNewLine();
}
else if (")".equals(parenthesis)) {
switch (ctx.family()) {
case DERBY:
case SQLITE:
case MARIADB:
case MYSQL:
ctx.sql(" x");
break;
}
}
}
@Override
public final void addSelect(Collection> fields) {
getSelect0().addAll(Tools.fields(fields));
}
@Override
public final void addSelect(SelectField... fields) {
addSelect(Arrays.asList(fields));
}
@Override
public final void setDistinct(boolean distinct) {
this.distinct = distinct;
}
@Override
public final void addDistinctOn(SelectField... fields) {
addDistinctOn(Arrays.asList(fields));
}
@Override
public final void addDistinctOn(Collection> fields) {
this.distinctOn.addAll(fields);
}
@Override
public final void setInto(Table into) {
this.into = into;
}
@Override
public final void addOffset(int offset) {
getLimit().setOffset(offset);
}
@Override
public final void addOffset(Param offset) {
getLimit().setOffset(offset);
}
@Override
public final void addLimit(int numberOfRows) {
getLimit().setNumberOfRows(numberOfRows);
}
@Override
public final void addLimit(Param numberOfRows) {
getLimit().setNumberOfRows(numberOfRows);
}
@Override
public final void addLimit(int offset, int numberOfRows) {
getLimit().setOffset(offset);
getLimit().setNumberOfRows(numberOfRows);
}
@Override
public final void addLimit(int offset, Param numberOfRows) {
getLimit().setOffset(offset);
getLimit().setNumberOfRows(numberOfRows);
}
@Override
public final void addLimit(Param offset, int numberOfRows) {
getLimit().setOffset(offset);
getLimit().setNumberOfRows(numberOfRows);
}
@Override
public final void addLimit(Param offset, Param numberOfRows) {
getLimit().setOffset(offset);
getLimit().setNumberOfRows(numberOfRows);
}
@Override
public final void setForUpdate(boolean forUpdate) {
this.forUpdate = forUpdate;
this.forShare = false;
}
@Override
public final void setForUpdateOf(Field... fields) {
setForUpdateOf(Arrays.asList(fields));
}
@Override
public final void setForUpdateOf(Collection> fields) {
setForUpdate(true);
forUpdateOf.clear();
forUpdateOfTables.clear();
forUpdateOf.addAll(fields);
}
@Override
public final void setForUpdateOf(Table... tables) {
setForUpdate(true);
forUpdateOf.clear();
forUpdateOfTables.clear();
forUpdateOfTables.addAll(Arrays.asList(tables));
}
@Override
public final void setForUpdateNoWait() {
setForUpdate(true);
forUpdateMode = ForUpdateMode.NOWAIT;
forUpdateWait = 0;
}
@Override
public final void setForUpdateSkipLocked() {
setForUpdate(true);
forUpdateMode = ForUpdateMode.SKIP_LOCKED;
forUpdateWait = 0;
}
@Override
public final void setForShare(boolean forShare) {
this.forUpdate = false;
this.forShare = forShare;
this.forUpdateOf.clear();
this.forUpdateOfTables.clear();
this.forUpdateMode = null;
this.forUpdateWait = 0;
}
@Override
public final List> getSelect() {
return getSelect1();
}
final SelectFieldList getSelect0() {
return select;
}
final SelectFieldList getSelect1() {
if (getSelect0().isEmpty()) {
SelectFieldList result = new SelectFieldList();
// [#109] [#489]: SELECT * is only applied when at least one table
// from the table source is "unknown", i.e. not generated from a
// physical table. Otherwise, the fields are selected explicitly
if (knownTableSource()) {
for (TableLike table : getFrom()) {
for (Field field : table.asTable().fields()) {
result.add(field);
}
}
}
// The default is SELECT 1, when projections and table sources are
// both empty
if (getFrom().isEmpty()) {
result.add(one());
}
return result;
}
return getSelect0();
}
private final boolean knownTableSource() {
for (Table table : getFrom()) {
if (!knownTable(table)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
private final boolean knownTable(Table table) {
return table.fieldsRow().size() > 0;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public final Class getRecordType() {
// Generated record classes only come into play, when the select is
// - on a single table
// - a select *
if (getFrom().size() == 1 && getSelect0().isEmpty()) {
return (Class) getFrom().get(0).asTable().getRecordType();
}
else {
return (Class) RecordImpl.class;
}
}
final TableList getFrom() {
return from;
}
final void setGrouping() {
grouping = true;
}
final QueryPartList getGroupBy() {
return groupBy;
}
@SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
final ConditionProviderImpl getWhere() {
if (getOrderBy().isEmpty() || getSeek().isEmpty()) {
return condition;
}
else {
SortFieldList o = getOrderBy();
Condition c = null;
// [#2786] TODO: Check if NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST clauses are
// contained in the SortFieldList, in case of which, the below
// predicates will become a lot more complicated.
if (o.nulls()) {}
// If we have uniform sorting, more efficient row value expression
// predicates can be applied, which can be heavily optimised on some
// databases.
if (o.size() > 1 && o.uniform()) {
if (o.get(0).getOrder() == ASC ^ seekBefore) {
c = row(o.fields()).gt(row(getSeek()));
}
else {
c = row(o.fields()).lt(row(getSeek()));
}
}
// With alternating sorting, the SEEK clause has to be explicitly
// phrased for each ORDER BY field.
else {
ConditionProviderImpl or = new ConditionProviderImpl();
for (int i = 0; i < o.size(); i++) {
ConditionProviderImpl and = new ConditionProviderImpl();
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
SortFieldImpl s = (SortFieldImpl) o.get(j);
and.addConditions(((Field) s.getField()).eq(getSeek().get(j)));
}
SortFieldImpl s = (SortFieldImpl) o.get(i);
if (s.getOrder() == ASC ^ seekBefore) {
and.addConditions(((Field) s.getField()).gt(getSeek().get(i)));
}
else {
and.addConditions(((Field) s.getField()).lt(getSeek().get(i)));
}
or.addConditions(OR, and);
}
c = or;
}
ConditionProviderImpl result = new ConditionProviderImpl();
result.addConditions(condition, c);
return result;
}
}
final ConditionProviderImpl getConnectBy() {
return connectBy;
}
final ConditionProviderImpl getConnectByStartWith() {
return connectByStartWith;
}
final ConditionProviderImpl getHaving() {
return having;
}
final QueryPartList getWindow() {
return window;
}
final SortFieldList getOrderBy() {
return (unionOp.size() == 0) ? orderBy : unionOrderBy;
}
final QueryPartList> getSeek() {
return (unionOp.size() == 0) ? seek : unionSeek;
}
final Limit getLimit() {
return (unionOp.size() == 0) ? limit : unionLimit;
}
@Override
public final void addOrderBy(Collection> fields) {
getOrderBy().addAll(fields);
}
@Override
public final void addOrderBy(Field... fields) {
getOrderBy().addAll(fields);
}
@Override
public final void addOrderBy(SortField... fields) {
addOrderBy(Arrays.asList(fields));
}
@Override
public final void addOrderBy(int... fieldIndexes) {
Field[] fields = new Field[fieldIndexes.length];
for (int i = 0; i < fieldIndexes.length; i++) {
fields[i] = inline(fieldIndexes[i]);
}
addOrderBy(fields);
}
@Override
public final void setOrderBySiblings(boolean orderBySiblings) {
if (unionOp.size() == 0)
this.orderBySiblings = orderBySiblings;
else
this.unionOrderBySiblings = orderBySiblings;
}
@Override
public final void addSeekAfter(Field... fields) {
addSeekAfter(Arrays.asList(fields));
}
@Override
public final void addSeekAfter(Collection> fields) {
if (unionOp.size() == 0)
seekBefore = false;
else
unionSeekBefore = false;
getSeek().addAll(fields);
}
@Override
public final void addSeekBefore(Field... fields) {
addSeekBefore(Arrays.asList(fields));
}
@Override
public final void addSeekBefore(Collection> fields) {
if (unionOp.size() == 0)
seekBefore = true;
else
unionSeekBefore = true;
getSeek().addAll(fields);
}
@Override
public final void addConditions(Condition... conditions) {
condition.addConditions(conditions);
}
@Override
public final void addConditions(Collection conditions) {
condition.addConditions(conditions);
}
@Override
public final void addConditions(Operator operator, Condition... conditions) {
condition.addConditions(operator, conditions);
}
@Override
public final void addConditions(Operator operator, Collection conditions) {
condition.addConditions(operator, conditions);
}
final void setConnectByNoCycle(boolean connectByNoCycle) {
this.connectByNoCycle = connectByNoCycle;
}
final void setStartWith(Condition condition) {
connectByStartWith.addConditions(condition);
}
final void setHint(String hint) {
this.hint = hint;
}
final void setOption(String option) {
this.option = option;
}
@Override
final boolean isForUpdate() {
return forUpdate;
}
@Override
public final void addFrom(Collection> f) {
for (TableLike provider : f) {
getFrom().add(provider.asTable());
}
}
@Override
public final void addFrom(TableLike f) {
addFrom(Arrays.asList(f));
}
@Override
public final void addFrom(TableLike... f) {
addFrom(Arrays.asList(f));
}
@Override
public final void addConnectBy(Condition c) {
getConnectBy().addConditions(c);
}
@Override
public final void addConnectByNoCycle(Condition c) {
getConnectBy().addConditions(c);
setConnectByNoCycle(true);
}
@Override
public final void setConnectByStartWith(Condition c) {
setStartWith(c);
}
@Override
public final void addGroupBy(Collection fields) {
setGrouping();
getGroupBy().addAll(fields);
}
@Override
public final void addGroupBy(GroupField... fields) {
addGroupBy(Arrays.asList(fields));
}
@Override
public final void addHaving(Condition... conditions) {
addHaving(Arrays.asList(conditions));
}
@Override
public final void addHaving(Collection conditions) {
getHaving().addConditions(conditions);
}
@Override
public final void addHaving(Operator operator, Condition... conditions) {
getHaving().addConditions(operator, conditions);
}
@Override
public final void addHaving(Operator operator, Collection conditions) {
getHaving().addConditions(operator, conditions);
}
@Override
public final void addWindow(WindowDefinition... definitions) {
addWindow(Arrays.asList(definitions));
}
@Override
public final void addWindow(Collection definitions) {
getWindow().addAll(definitions);
}
private final Select combine(CombineOperator op, Select other) {
int index = unionOp.size() - 1;
if (index == -1 || unionOp.get(index) != op || op == EXCEPT || op == EXCEPT_ALL) {
unionOp.add(op);
union.add(new QueryPartList>());
index++;
}
union.get(index).add(other);
return this;
}
@Override
public final Select union(Select other) {
return combine(UNION, other);
}
@Override
public final Select unionAll(Select other) {
return combine(UNION_ALL, other);
}
@Override
public final Select except(Select other) {
return combine(EXCEPT, other);
}
@Override
public final Select exceptAll(Select other) {
return combine(EXCEPT_ALL, other);
}
@Override
public final Select intersect(Select other) {
return combine(INTERSECT, other);
}
@Override
public final Select intersectAll(Select other) {
return combine(INTERSECT_ALL, other);
}
@Override
public final void addJoin(TableLike table, Condition... conditions) {
addJoin(table, JoinType.JOIN, conditions);
}
@Override
public final void addJoin(TableLike table, JoinType type, Condition... conditions) {
addJoin0(table, type, conditions, null);
}
private final void addJoin0(TableLike table, JoinType type, Condition[] conditions, Field[] partitionBy) {
// TODO: This and similar methods should be refactored, patterns extracted...
int index = getFrom().size() - 1;
Table joined = null;
switch (type) {
case JOIN:
case STRAIGHT_JOIN:
case LEFT_SEMI_JOIN:
case LEFT_ANTI_JOIN:
case FULL_OUTER_JOIN: {
joined = getFrom().get(index).join(table, type).on(conditions);
break;
}
case LEFT_OUTER_JOIN:
case RIGHT_OUTER_JOIN: {
TablePartitionByStep p = getFrom().get(index).join(table, type);
TableOnStep o = p;
joined = o.on(conditions);
break;
}
// These join types don't take any ON clause. Ignore conditions.
case CROSS_JOIN:
case NATURAL_JOIN:
case NATURAL_LEFT_OUTER_JOIN:
case NATURAL_RIGHT_OUTER_JOIN:
joined = getFrom().get(index).join(table, type);
break;
default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad join type: " + type);
}
getFrom().set(index, joined);
}
@Override
public final void addJoinOnKey(TableLike table, JoinType type) throws DataAccessException {
// TODO: This and similar methods should be refactored, patterns extracted...
int index = getFrom().size() - 1;
Table joined = null;
switch (type) {
case JOIN:
case LEFT_OUTER_JOIN:
case RIGHT_OUTER_JOIN:
case FULL_OUTER_JOIN:
case LEFT_SEMI_JOIN:
case LEFT_ANTI_JOIN:
joined = getFrom().get(index).join(table, type).onKey();
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("JoinType " + type + " is not supported with the addJoinOnKey() method. Use INNER or OUTER JOINs only");
}
getFrom().set(index, joined);
}
@Override
public final void addJoinOnKey(TableLike table, JoinType type, TableField... keyFields) throws DataAccessException {
// TODO: This and similar methods should be refactored, patterns extracted...
int index = getFrom().size() - 1;
Table joined = null;
switch (type) {
case JOIN:
case LEFT_OUTER_JOIN:
case RIGHT_OUTER_JOIN:
case FULL_OUTER_JOIN:
case LEFT_SEMI_JOIN:
case LEFT_ANTI_JOIN:
joined = getFrom().get(index).join(table, type).onKey(keyFields);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("JoinType " + type + " is not supported with the addJoinOnKey() method. Use INNER or OUTER JOINs only");
}
getFrom().set(index, joined);
}
@Override
public final void addJoinOnKey(TableLike table, JoinType type, ForeignKey key) {
// TODO: This and similar methods should be refactored, patterns extracted...
int index = getFrom().size() - 1;
Table joined = null;
switch (type) {
case JOIN:
case LEFT_OUTER_JOIN:
case RIGHT_OUTER_JOIN:
case FULL_OUTER_JOIN:
case LEFT_SEMI_JOIN:
case LEFT_ANTI_JOIN:
joined = getFrom().get(index).join(table, type).onKey(key);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("JoinType " + type + " is not supported with the addJoinOnKey() method. Use INNER or OUTER JOINs only");
}
getFrom().set(index, joined);
}
@Override
public final void addJoinUsing(TableLike table, Collection> fields) {
addJoinUsing(table, JoinType.JOIN, fields);
}
@Override
public final void addJoinUsing(TableLike table, JoinType type, Collection> fields) {
// TODO: This and similar methods should be refactored, patterns extracted...
int index = getFrom().size() - 1;
Table joined = null;
switch (type) {
case JOIN:
case LEFT_OUTER_JOIN:
case RIGHT_OUTER_JOIN:
case FULL_OUTER_JOIN:
case LEFT_SEMI_JOIN:
case LEFT_ANTI_JOIN:
joined = getFrom().get(index).join(table, type).using(fields);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("JoinType " + type + " is not supported with the addJoinUsing() method. Use INNER or OUTER JOINs only");
}
getFrom().set(index, joined);
}
@Override
public final void addHint(String h) {
setHint(h);
}
@Override
public final void addOption(String o) {
setOption(o);
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Utility classes
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* The lock mode for the FOR UPDATE clause, if set.
*/
private static enum ForUpdateMode {
WAIT("wait"),
NOWAIT("nowait"),
SKIP_LOCKED("skip locked"),
;
private final String sql;
private ForUpdateMode(String sql) {
this.sql = sql;
}
public final String toSQL() {
return sql;
}
}
}