org.languagetool.rules.en.style.xml Maven / Gradle / Ivy
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<!--
English Style Rules for LanguageTool
See tagset.txt for the meaning of the POS tags
Copyright (C) 2001-2023 Daniel Naber (http://www.danielnaber.de),
Marcin Miłkowski, and the LanguageTool contributors
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301
USA
-->
<!--
⚠️ Attention – Open-Source Contributors! ⚠️
As of June 2023, style rules make use of TONE TAGS.
These tags give us more granular control over the precise contexts in which our style rules are triggered.
This feature is still somewhat under development, so we'd like to ask you, for the time being, to add @evan-defran-lt and @AzadehSafakish as reviewers to pull requests whenever you create rules that make use of tone tags.
Currently supported tone tags are: clarity, formal, professional, confident, academic, povrem, scientific, objective, persuasive, povadd, and positive.
For more detailed information, including tag definitions, please check out our documentation (in English): https://dev.languagetool.org/style_tone_tags.
-->
<!DOCTYPE rules [
<!ENTITY apostrophe "['’`´‘ʻ]">
<!ENTITY quote '["“”„]'>
<!ENTITY nbsp " "> <!-- no-break space -->
<!ENTITY currency_symbols '[$€£¥฿₹₿\u8371]'>
<!ENTITY time_units 'moments?|seconds?|minutes?|hours?|days?|weeks?|months?|years?|decades?|centur(y|ies)'>
<!ENTITY weekdays "Monday|Wednesday|T(ue|hur)sday|Friday|S(atur|un)day">
<!ENTITY abbrevWeekdays "Mon?|Tu(e|es)?|We(d|ds)?|Th(u|ur|urs)?|Fri?|Sat?|Sun?">
<!ENTITY months "January|February|March|April|May|Ju(ne|ly)|August|September|October|November|December">
<!ENTITY abbrevMonths "Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|Ju[ln]|Aug|Sept?|Oct|Nov|Dec">
<!ENTITY abbreviations "pp|[Vv]iz|i\.?\s*e|[Vvol]|[Rr]col|maj|Lt|[Ff]ig|[Ff]igs|[Vv]ols|[Aa]pprox|[Ii]ncl|[Ii]nc|Pres|[Dd]ept|min|max|[Gg]ovt|lb|ft|c\.?\s*f|vs|dia|lbs|\d+-(:?oz|kc|in|h[rp]|ml)|M?sec|Atty|Sg?t|[SG]en|Gov|Hon|Prof|Mr?s|[DMJS]r|Col|Maj|L(ieu)?t|Brig|Capt|Cmdr|Cmnd|Revd?|Rep|Drs|Messrs|Mmes">
<!ENTITY abbreviations2 "a(?:bbrev|bl|bsol|bstr|cc|ccus|dv|dvb|dvs|gst|lt|phet|pp|ppos|dj|djs|rch|rt|ttrib)|A(?:bbrev|bd|berd|berdeensh|bol|borig|bp|br|bridg|bridgem|bsol|bst|bstr|cad|cc|ccept|ccomm|ccompl|ccs|cct|ccts|chievem|dd|ddit|ddr|dm|dmin|dmir|dmon|dmonit|dv|dvancem|dvert|dvoc|dvt|dvts|erodynam|eronaut|ff|ffect|fr|gric|lch|lg|lleg|llit|lm|lph|mer|nal|nalyt|nat|nc|necd|ng|ngl|nim|nn|nniv|nnot|nsw|nt|nthrop|nthropol|ntiq|poc|pol|pp|ppl|pplic|rch|rchaeol|rchipel|rchit|rgt|rith|rithm|rrangem|rtic|rtific|rtill|ssemb|ssoc|ssyriol|str|strol|stron|stronaut|tt|ttrib|ustral|uth|utobiog|utobiogr|yrsh|rab)|B(?:acteriol|edford|edfordsh|elg|erks|erksh|erw|erwicksh|ibliogr|iochem|iog|iogr|iol|ks|ord|ot|raz|rit|ucks|uild|ull|ur)|b(?:ef|etw)|c(?:ent|ollect|olloq|ompar|ompl|onc|oncr|omp|onj|ons|onst|ontempt|orresp|pd|ontr)|C(?:ontradict|ontrib|ontrov|onv|onvent|onversat|onvoc|ornw|oron|orr|orresp|ounc|ourtsh|raniol|raniom|rim|rit|rt|rts|ryptogr|rystallogr|umb|umberld|umbld|ycl|ytol|ollect|onn|al|alc|alend|alif|alligr|amb|ambr|ampanol|anad|anterb|artogr|atal|atech|ath|ent|eram|ert|ertif|hamb|har|harac|has|hem|hesh|hr|hron|hronol|hrons|inematogr|irc|lass|lassif|limatol|lin|oll|olloq|om|omb|ombs|omm|ommandm|ommend|ommerc|ommiss|ommonw|ommunic|omp|ompan|ompar|ompend|ompl|ompos|onc|onch|oncl|onf|onfid|onfl|onfut|ongr|ongreg|ongress|onsc|onsecr|onsid|onsol|onstit|onstr|ontemp|ontempl|ontend|ontent|ontin)|d(?:at|em|ial|im|yslog|ef|eriv|erog)|D(?:au|eb|eclar|ed|ef|eliv|emonstr|ep|epred|epredat|erbysh|escr|evel|evonsh|ial|ict|iffic|irect|is|isc|iscipl|iscov|iscrim|iscuss|iss|istemp|istill|istrib|iv|ivers|oc|octr|omest|urh)|e(?:tym|tymol|uphem|xc|ast|llipt|mph|rron)|E(?:val|vang|ven|vid|vol|xalt|xam|xch|xec|xerc|xhib|xped|xper|xplan|xplic|xplor|xpos|tymol|ccl|ccles|col|con|din|dinb|duc|dw|gypt|gyptol|lectr|lectro-magn|lectro-physiol|lem|liz|lizab|mb|mbryol|ncycl|ng|ngin|nglishw|nq|nt|nthus|ntom|ntomol|nzymol|pil|pisc|pist|pit|quip|ss|ssent|stabl|thnol)|f(?:em|req|ut|am|amil)|F(?:ifesh|ootpr|orfarsh|ortif|ortn|ound|ragm|ratern|riendsh|und|urnit|ab|am|arew)|G(?:ard|astron|az|eo|eog|eogr|eol|eom|eomorphol|er|lac|lasg|los|loss|louc|loucestersh|osp|ram|ynaecol)|g(?:erund|en)|H(?:aematol|ampsh|andbk|ants|eb|en|er|erb|eref|ereford|erefordsh|ertfordsh|ierogl|ist|istol|om|orol|ort|osp|ouseh|ousek|usb|ydraul|ydrol)|hist|I(?:nd|ndustr|nfl|nnoc|norg|nq|nst|ntell|ntellect|nterc|nterl|nternat|nterpr|chth|cthyol|deol|dol|llustr|mag|mpr|naug|nclos|nd|nstr|tal|ntro|ntrod|nv|nvent|nvertebr|nvestig|nvestm|nvoc|rel|mmunol)|i(?:nt|nterj|nterrog|ntr|ntrans|mp|mperf|mpers|mpf|mprop|nstr|nd|ndef|ndic|ndir|nfin|nfl|ron|rreg|mit)|J(?:ahrb|ap|as|rnl|rnls|urisd|urisdict|urispr|ustif|ustific)|joc|K(?:ent|ingd|nowl|pr)|L(?:ab|anc|ancash|ancs|ang|angs|at|d|ds|ect|eechd|eg|eicest|eicester|eicestersh|eics|et|ett|ex|ibr|imnol|incolnsh|incs|ing|inn|it|ithogr|ithol|iturg|ond)|m(?:asc|ed|etaphor|idl|ispr|od)|M(?:ach|ag|agn|an|anagem|anch|anip|anuf|ath|eas|easurem|ech|ed|edit|em|erc|erch|etall|etallif|etallogr|etamorph|etaph|eteorol|eth|etrop|ex|ich|icrobiol|icrosc|il|ilit|in|ineral|isc|iscell|od|onum|orphol|SS|tg|unic|unif|unim|us|yst|yth|ythol)|n(?:once-wd|orth|om)|N(?:arr|arrat|at|aut|av|avig|eighb|erv|eurol|eurosurg|ewc|ewspr|onconf|orf|orthamptonsh|orthants|orthumb|orthumbld|orthumbr|orw|orweg|otts|ucl|umism|on-conf)|o(?:ccas|pp|rig|bj|bl|bs)|O(?:bs|bserv|bstet|bstetr|ccas|ccup|ccurr|ceanogr|ff|ffic|kla|nt|phthalm|phthalmol|ppress|pt|rac|rd|rg|rig|rkn|rnith|rnithol|rthogr|utl|xf|xfordsh|xon|bed|bj)|p(?:ass|erf|ers|ersonif|honet|hr|op|lur|oet|ref|rep|riv|rob|oss|pl|ple|ples|rec|red|redic|ron|ronunc|rop|rov|ropr|seudo-arch|seudo-dial|seudo-Sc|erh|res)|P(?:eriodontol|redict|rerog|sych|sychoanal|sychoanalyt|sychol|sychopathol|ubl|urg|erf|alaeobot|alaeogr|alaeont|alaeontol|araphr|arasitol|arl|arnass|ath|athol|eculat|enins|ers|ersec|erthsh|etrogr|etrol|harm|harmaceut|harmacol|hil|hilad|hilol|hilos|hoen|honol|hotog|hotogr|hrenol|hys|hysiogr|hysiol|ict|oet|ol|olit|olytechn|op|orc|ort|osth|ostm|ott|ract|ref|reh|rehist|resb|reserv|rim|rinc|rint|robab|robl|roc|rod|rol|rov|rovid|rovinc|rovis|ronunc|rop|ros)|Qld|q(?:uot|uots)|r(?:edupl|eg|epr|het|efash|efl|el)|R(?:adiol|eas|eb|ebell|ec|eclam|ecoll|edempt|ef|efl|efus|efut|eg|egic|egist|egr|el|elig|eminisc|emonstr|enfrewsh|eprod|ept|epub|es|esid|et|etrosp|evol|het|ich|om|oxb|oy|udim|uss)|s(?:ing|outh|pec|tr|ubj|ubjunct|ubord|ubseq|ubst|uff|uperl|yll)|S(?:ubj|uff|ubscr|ubscript|uppl|upplic|uppress|urg|urv|ymmetr|ymp|yst|pan|ask|at|ax|cand|ch|ci|cot|cotl|cript|culpt|eismol|el|elect|er|erm|ess|ettlem|ev|hakes|haks|heph|hetl|hropsh|oc|ociol|om|onn|pec|pecif|pecim|pectrosc|taff|tafford|taffordsh|taffs|tand|tat|tatist|tratigr|truct|tud)|t(?:echn|rans|ransf|ransl)|T(?:ransl|ransubstant|rav|reas|reat|reatm|rib|rig|rigonom|rop|roub|roubl|ypog|ypogr|axon|rans|echn|echnol|el|elecomm|elegr|eleph|eratol|erminol|errestr|est|extbk|heat|heatr|heol|heoret|hermonucl|hes|opogr|rag)|U(?:niv|rin)|u(?:nkn|nstr|lt|su)|U(?:nnat|noffic|tilit)|V(?:ac|aledict)|v(?:ar|arr|ars|bl|bs|ulg)|V(?:eg|enet|ertebr|et|ic|ict|ind|indic|irg|irol|oc|ocab|ol|oy|ulg)|W(?:estm|estmld|estmorld|estmrld|ill|ilts|iltsh|is|isd|kly|ks|onderf|orc|orcestersh|orcs|rit|arwicksh)|west|Y(?:earbk|ng|orks|orksh|rs)|Z(?:eitschr|oogeogr|ool)">
<!ENTITY interjections "aa?h|aha|ahem|ahh|argh|aww|aw|bah|boo|boo-hoo|brr|d'oh|duh|eek|eep|eh|eww|fuff|gah|gee|grr|hmm?|humph|ha|haha?|huh|hurrah|ick|meh|mhm|mm|muahaha|mwah|nah|nuh-uh|oh|ooh-la-la|ooh|oomph|oops|ouch|oww|oy|pfft?|phew|psst|sheesh|shh|shoo|tsk-tsk|uh-huh|uh-oh|uh-uh|uhh|umm|waah|wee|whoa|wow|yay|yeah|yee-haw|yikes|yoo-hoo|yuh-uh|yuck|zing">
<!ENTITY languages "Akan|Amharic|Arabic|Assamese|Awadhi|Azerbaijani|Balochi|Bangla|Belarusian|Bengali|Bhojpuri|Burmese|Cantonese|Cebuano|Chewa|Chhattisgarhi|Chinese|Chittagonian|Czech|Deccan|Dhundhari|Dutch|English|Filipino|French|Fula|Gaelic|German|Greek|Gujarati|Hakka|Haryanvi|Hausa|Hiligaynon|Hindi|Hmong|Hunanese|Hungarian|Igbo|Ilocano|Ilonggo|Indonesian|Italian|Ja[pv]anese|Jin|Kannada|Kazakh|Khmer|Kinyarwanda|Kirundi|Konkani|Korean|Kurdish|Madurese|Magahi|Maithili|Malagasy|Malay(alam)?|Malaysian|Mandarin|Marathi|Marwari|Mossi|Nepali|Odia|Oriya|Oromo|Pashto|Persian|Polish|Portuguese|Punjabi|Quechua|Romanian|Russian|Saraiki|Serbo-Croatian|Shona|Sindhi|Sinhalese|Somali|Spanish|Sundanese|Swedish|Sylheti|Tagalog|Tamil|Telugu|Thai|Turk(ish|men)|Ukrainian|Urdu|Uyghur|Uzbek|Vietnamese|Visayan|Wu|Xhosa|Xiang|Yoruba|Yue|Zhuang|Zulu"><!-- Most are from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers -->
<!ENTITY short_adjectives "bad|big|black|bland|blue|bold|brave|brief|bright|broad|calm|cheap|chewy|clean|close|coarse|cold|cool|cruel|cute|damp|dark|deep|dense|dry|dull|dumb|early|easy|faint|fair|fa[rt]|fast|few|fierce|fine|firm|fit|flat|fresh|full|good|grand|great|gross|happy|hard|harsh|high|hip|hot|humble|kind|large|late|light|little|long|loud|low|mad|mean|mild|moist|narrow|nea[rt]|new|nice|o[dl]d|off|plain|poor|proud|pure|quick|quiet|rare|raw|rich|ripe|rough|rude|sad|sa[fn]e|shallow|sharp|short|shy|silly|simple|sincere|slim|slow|small|smart|smooth|soft|soon|sore|sour|steep|strange|strict|strong|sweet|tall|tan|thick|thin|tiny|tough|true|ugly|warm|weak|weird|wet|wide|wild|wise|young">
<!ENTITY optional_short_adjectives "angry|bitter|bloody|bossy|busy|chubby|classy|clear|clever|cloudy|clumsy|crazy|creamy|creepy|crispy|crunchy|curly|curvy|deadly|dirty|dusty|fancy|filthy|flaky|friendly|funny|gentle|gloomy|greasy|greedy|guilty|hairy|handy|healthy|heavy|hungry|icy|itchy|juicy|lazy|likely|lively|lonely|lovely|messy|nasty|naughty|needy|noisy|oily|polite|pretty|risky|roomy|rusty|salty|scary|shiny|skinny|sleepy|slimy|smelly|smoky|sorry|spicy|stingy|sunny|sweaty|tasty|thirsty|wealthy|windy|worldly|worthy">
<!ENTITY extreme_qualifiers "ex(?:treme(?:ly)?|ceedingly|ceptionally|tra(ordinarily)?)|tremendously|immensely|vastly|hugely|abundantly|intensely|acutely|singularly|distinctly|outstandingly|decidedly|eminently|supremely|highly|remarkably|really|truly|mightily|thoroughly|utmost|super|hiper|ultra">
<!ENTITY ambiguous_past_tense_forms "bare|bode|bore|bound|brake|bust|clang|crew|fell|felt|found|girt|hand-knit|hew|hoist|knit|lope|low|misfit|quoth|resent|retread|rewed|rid|rove|sate|saw|shore|slang|smelt|sod|span|spat|spoke|swank|sweat|thrust|tread|wed|wet|wrack|writ"><!-- XXX excluded: bet|bid|book|lay|let|overlay|quit|read|rent|sew|shove|straight|sublet|tow|underlay|underlet| --><!-- Refer to #3090 -->
<!ENTITY collective_nouns "(?:army|b(?:and|ouquet|unch)|c(?:hoir|ollecti(?:on|ve)|rowd)|f(?:leet|lock)|g(?:alaxy|ang|lossary)|h(?:erd|ive)|litter|multitude|p(?:ack|air|od)|range|staff|swarm|t(?:eam|roupe)|wad)s?">
<!ENTITY childish_terms "(?:absitively|absotively|baa-lamb|backsies|bagsie|bananery|bare-boobed|beddy|beddy-bye|bester|binky|birb|blankie|boatie|bombsies|boobied|boob juice|boo-boo|boom-boom|boosies|bottom burp|botty|botty burp|bow wow|bow-wow|boy bits|bubby|bummy|bunny rabbit|bunny wunny|caca|cheater, cheater, pumpkin eater|chickabiddy|chicky|choo-choo|choo-choo train|chugga|clotheses|confuzzle|confuzzled|confuzzling|cootie|cowardy custard|criss-cross applesauce|cutsies|da da|dangly bits|deerie|diapie|diddly|didee|din-din|din-dins|dingaling|ding dong|dog-doo|dogese|doodie head|doo-doo|doodoohead|doody|ducky|earsies|easy peasy Japanesey|easy peasy lemon squeezy|eensy|eensy-weensy|eeny-weeny|elemeno|eyewinker|fanny fart|old fart|fartface|feetsies|fishie|fishy wishy|flutterby|footsie|footsie-wootsies|for realsies|fraidy|fraidy cat|fraidy-cat|friendy|froggy|frowny|funsies|funster|fuzzy-wuzzy|gee-gee|ghostie|ghosty|gimongous|go halfsies|goody gumdrops|goo goo ga ga|goosie|goosy|go potty|grampy|grassture|halfsies|hammy|handsies|helichopper|hewwo|high comma|hippity-hop|horsy|huggle|huggly|hurty|ickle|I know you are but what am I|immie|I'm rubber, you're glue|incy|incy wincy|in the nuddy|itsy-bitsy|it takes one to know one|jellycopter|jobbie jabber|keepsies|kitty-cat|knock knock|leggie|let fluffy off the chain|liar liar pants on fire|lickle|ma ma|meanie|meeces|Mommy's Day|monkeyface|moo-cow|moo-moo|mousie|mulley|Mummy's Day|nakey|na-na na-na boo-boo|na-na na-na na-na|nee nor|nighty|nighty night|nighty-night|no-no|num-num|nursie|octopussy|om nom nom|ooey-gooey|oopsy|Opposite Day|ouchie|owie|Palestinkian|pasghetti|peeksy|peenie|pee-pee|piggy flu|piggy-wig|piggy wiggy|ploppy|pooface|pooh|poohead|poop|poophead|poophole|poopless|poop one's pants|poopoo|poo poo|poo-poo|poop out|poopy|poppa|posilutely|positutely|posolutely|pretty please|pudding and tame|quitsies|Retardican|rolly polly|roly-poly|Rye-Rye|samesies|scaredy pants|scrummy|sharesies|sheepy|sing-song|sissy|sketti|sleepytime|snek|snoot|specialest|'splodey|squiddy|stuffie|stupid-head|swapsies|swearsies|tardish|teensy|teensy weensy|teensy-weensy|teeny-tiny|teeny weeny|teeny-weeny|tee-tee|teeter-totter|telltale tit|threesies|thump-thump|titsh(?:i(?:er|est)|y)|tiwed|toesies|tootsie|tootsy-wootsy|tummyache|tummy ache|tum tum|tum-tum|tuppence|tushie|underneaths|wabbit|wee wee|wee-wee|whee|white pee|whoopsie|widdle|widdler|winky|wittle|woobie|woof-woof|woo woo|wowie|wub|wuv|yayness|you wish, jellyfish|yucky|zoomy)s?">
<!ENTITY childish_terms_2 "(?:it(?:'s | is ))?no fair|so there|number one|number two">
<!ENTITY childish_terms_3 "(?:ticky)s?">
<!ENTITY plural_gray_areas "all|army|band|body|bulk|bunch|choir|cluster|collection|couple|diversity|duo|faculty|few|fifth|flood|fourth|gazillion|generation|group|half|heap|host|handful|infinit(y|ude)|kind|l[ai]st|lot|majority|mass|(micro)?fraction|minority|miraid|multi(plicity|tude)|myriad|next|none|number|pair|part|percent(age)?|plethora|(pro)?portion|quarter|range|rest|slew|some|sort|staff|sub-?set|team|third|ton|total|train|trio|variety">
<!ENTITY plural_singular_nouns "young(er)?|old(er)?|yellow|blue|green|red|white|pink|purple|inner|outer|left|council|whole|staff|mass|audience|trio|duo|faculty|union|club|youth|party|lot|school|counterparty|innocent|alliance|wounded|wiser?|braver?|rich(er)?|poor|management|latter|common|popular|leadership|faithful|following|accused|few|remainder|known|rest|evil|number|upcoming|commission|army|cluster|percent(age)?|majority|minority|parade|community|jury|band|sub-?set|clique|group|family|crowd|defense|offense|pair|couple|team|population|gang|class|comm?it?tee|two|three|four|five|six|seven|eight|nine|ten|eleven|twelve|thirteen|fourteen|fifteen|sixteen|eighteen|nineteen|twenty|best|worst|last|half|public|good">
<!ENTITY rude_sarcastic "(?:Best Korea|but who's counting|Captain Obvious|cry someone a river|deathbed conversion|don't let the door hit you on the way out|ermahgerd|fat chance|fly like a rock|freeze peach|goddidit|goody gumdrops|hay is for horses|I believe you, thousands wouldn't|just ducky|keep telling yourself that|kiddie table|king of the castle|know how to pick 'em|less-than-stellar|let's not and say we did|make baby Jesus cry|my eyes are up here|no duh|no homo|no kidding|no shit|no shit, Sherlock|obvi|oh, the humanity|one should be so lucky|pray tell|puh-lease|quelle surprise|Soon™|surprise surprise|talk to the hand|thanks a heap|tyvm|what do you want, a cookie|what does that have to do with the price of corn|what does that have to do with the price of tea in China|who died and left you in charge|who died and made you boss|who would have thunk it|who's your daddy|whoopdee doo|why not Zoidberg|wisehead|wonders never cease|yippee skippy|you and whose army|you got a mouse in your pocket|you kiss your mother with that mouth|you must be fun at parties|Your Highness|Your Majesty)">
<!ENTITY rude_sarcastic_2 "(?:are you blind\?|are you deaf\?|bite me|I hope you're happy[\.!]|oh really\!?\?|since when\?|whoosh[\.!]|you don't say\?|you think\?)"><!-- XXX should be avoided in writing: what's new\?|what else is new| -->
<!ENTITY rude_sarcastic_3 "(?:glorified)">
<!ENTITY ATD_to_collocation "(?:ability|able|according|adds?|adding|addition|adherence|adhere|agreeing|aims|akin|allude|allusion|amounting|analogous|apt|aversion|belonging|belongs?|ceases|clinging|cling|closer|clung|commitment|conducive|conform|contributes?|contribution|decides|dedicated|deductible|defaults|deletions|desire|detrimental|due|eager|endeavou?rs?|fails|going|hesitate|homage|inability|intending|intends?|liable|listening|listen|newsletter|ought|owing|percent|pertaining|preferable|prelude|prepares|prior|proceeded|prone|proportional|proximity|pursuant|reacting|recourse|refer|referring|refers|refusal|relates|relating|reluctant|resemblance|resistant|responding|respond|scrambling|strive|strove|subscribe|susceptible|tendency|tending|tends?|testament|thanks|unable|unwilling|willingness|willing)">
<!ENTITY file_name_extensions "asp|aspx|avi|bak|bat|bin|bmp|cab|cfg|cgi|cer|com|conf|config|cs[sv]|dat|db|dbf?|de|dep|dll|doc|docx?|dot|eps|exe|flv|gif|htm|html|go|he?ic|ibooks|ico|ics|ini|jar|java|jpe?g|js|json|jsp|key|lnk|log|md|mdb|med|mid|mov|mp3|mp4|mpa|mpeg|mpg|pdf|php|pkg|pl|png|pps|ppt|pptx|pro|properties|ps|psd|py|rb|rpm|rss|sh|sql|src|svg|swf|swift|sys|tar|template|tex|tif|tiff|tmp|txt|vob|wav|wma|wmv|xhtml|xls|xlsx|xml|xsl|yaml|yml|zip|zipx|sav|web[mp]">
<!ENTITY hyphen "(?:[–\-—])">
<!ENTITY adverb_abbreviations "spec|def|probs?|int|ult|atm">
<!ENTITY adjectives_ending_in_ed "alarmed|aggravated|amused|annoyed|astonished|astounded|bored|captivated|challenged|charmed|comforted|confused|convinced|depressed|disappointed|discouraged|disgusted|distressed|disturbed|embarrassed|encouraged|entertained|excited|exhausted|fascinated|frightened|frustrated|fulfilled|gratified|insulted|interested|moved|overwhelmed|perplexed|pleased|relaxed|relieved|satisfied|shocked|sickened|soothed|surprised|tempted|terrified|threatened|thrilled|tired|touched|troubled|unsettled|worried">
<!ENTITY adjectives_with_ing "(admirin|alarmin|amazin|aggravatin|amusin|annoyin|appealin|astonishin|astoundin|bindin|borin|captivatin|challengin|charmin|comfortin|confusin|convincin|dauntin|debilitatin|deceivin|depressin|deservin|devastatin|disappointin|disapprovin|discouragin|disgustin|distractin|distressin|disturbin|embarrassin|encouragin|entertainin|enticin|excitin|exhaustin|fascinatin|freakin|frightenin|frustratin|fulfillin|gratifyin|inspirin|insultin|interestin|intriguin|irritatin|liberatin|movin|mumblin|outgoin|overwhelmin|perplexin|pleasin|puzzlin|relaxin|relievin|rewardin|satisfyin|shockin|sickenin|soothin|surprisin|temptin|terrifyin|threatenin|thrillin|tirin|touchin|troublin|unsettlin|upliftin|willin|worryin)[g']">
<!ENTITY it_s "Did you mean <suggestion>it's</suggestion> (short for 'it is') instead of 'its' (possessive pronoun)?">
<!ENTITY it_s_has "Did you mean <suggestion>it's</suggestion> (short for 'it is' or 'it has') instead of 'its' (possessive pronoun)?">
<!ENTITY its "Did you mean <suggestion>its</suggestion> (possessive pronoun) instead of 'it’s' (short for 'it is')?">
<!ENTITY you_re "Did you mean <suggestion>you're</suggestion> (short for 'you are')?">
<!ENTITY affect_effect "Did you mean <suggestion>effect</suggestion> (consequence, outcome, result)?">
<!ENTITY effect_affect "Did you mean <suggestion>affect</suggestion> (have an effect upon)?">
<!ENTITY sometlds "com|de|net|edu|uk|org|info|nl|eu|cn|biz|at|ch|fr|tv|to|fm|es|it|gov|mil|mx|pt|dev|us|sg|me|io|app|shop|club|games|in|co|cloud|no|se|dk|ie|cc|tk|ai|au|nz|za|cm|ng|tw|jp|kg|ag|site|int|my|ir|pk|mobi|asia|hk|mz|xyz|design|ventures|services|cat|ly|name|world|online|consulting|digital|be|is|sex|web|lab|local|bio|live|ngo|ru|global|ca|kz|eco|ho|hu|berlin|ee|ro|crypto|so|art">
<!-- abbreviations of verbs (rather informal, but good for antipatterns) -->
<!ENTITY verb_abbreviations "fwds?|rsvps?|dms?|pms?|execs?|reps?|mods?|noms?|intros?|intercoms?|bbqs?|chgs?|fts?|recs?|exps?|collab|repro|confs?|devs?|rems?">
<!-- verbs that when spelled as one word become a noun -->
<!ENTITY nouns_with_up "(work|mash|build|check|scale|slap|sign|break|mess|mix|pull|push|walk|tie|take|sit|top|toss|warm|run|hang|start|pop|line|catch|stand|mark|set|pick|back|hook|clean|look|make|follow|cover|brush|get|lock|step|speed|mock|link|dial|wash|wake|screw|hurry|call|fuck|straight|grown|split|ramp|shake)">
<!ENTITY nouns_with_off "(log|show|spin|take|sign|write|pay|run|hand|drop|kick|lay|shut|cut|rub|stand|trade|send|brush|turn|lift|rip|set|scratch|sell)">
<!ENTITY nouns_with_down "(shoot|lock|back|slow|drop|break|shut|count|let|write|take|step|drill|mark|touch|draw|bring)">
<!ENTITY nouns_with_over "(turn|hand|roll|fail|sleep|voice|take|pop|do|make|cross|hold|spill|stop|pull)">
<!ENTITY nouns_with_out "(blow|call|cop|carve|hold|miss|spin|hand|eat|fall|cut|brush|slip|black|opt|stand|pull|hide|bail|pay|freak|hang|shout|cash|print|try|burn|sign|log|break|time|look|roll|work|check|lay|take|read|knock|wash|watch|carry|turn|drop|make|cheap|phase)">
<!ENTITY nouns_with_back "(play|blow|push|pull|charge|stand|pay|kick|roll|lift|call|come|feed|fall|buy|set|throw|flash|draw|fight)">
<!ENTITY nouns_with_away "(run|get|take|give|cast|fly|break|walk|work)">
<!ENTITY nouns_with_in "(run|get|take|give|add|drop|fill|opt|check|sleep|plug|trade|call|drive|walk|pull|write|log|break|step|sign)">
<!ENTITY nouns_with_ahead "(go|type)">
<!ENTITY nouns_with_by "(stand)">
<!ENTITY nouns_with_alone "(stand)">
<!ENTITY nouns_with_still "(stand)">
<!ENTITY nouns_with_on "(log|follow|slip|try)">
<!ENTITY nouns_with_around "(work|roll|get|go)">
<!ENTITY nouns_with_through "(walk|break|strike|pass|feed|read|play|sell|click|see)">
<!ENTITY incorrect_noun_verbs "&nouns_with_up;-?up|&nouns_with_off;-?off|&nouns_with_down;-?down|&nouns_with_over;-?over|&nouns_with_out;-?out|&nouns_with_back;-?back|&nouns_with_away;-?away|&nouns_with_in;-?in|&nouns_with_still;-?still|&nouns_with_ahead;-?ahead|&nouns_with_by;-?by|&nouns_with_alone;-?alone|&nouns_with_on;-?on|&nouns_with_around;-?around|&nouns_with_through;-?through">
<!-- words that are informally used as verbs but aren't tagged and shouldn't be tagged as a verb -->
<!ENTITY not_really_verbs "self\-?(support|control)s?|abracadabra|ungroup(s|ed)?|template(s|d)?|handstitch(ed|es)?|outturn(s|ed)?|unreads?|basket(s|ed)?|hula(s|ed)?|wakeboard(s?|ed)?|pre\-?contacts?|self-disclose[sd]?|overdrafts?|oversizes?|remote[ds]?|nerds?|wrought|karates?|paths?|scapes?|videos?|fann(y|ies)?|bonus(es)?|back\-?ups?|pop\-?ups?|one\-?(shot|click)s?|idiot\-?proofs?|intakes?|rinds?|gaslits?|errors?|prox(y|ies)?|configs?|repros?|super\-?sets?|open\-?sources?|drag\-(and|n)\-drops?|hotfix(es)?|timeouts?|shutdowns?|disposition(ed|s)?|unpackage(d|s)?|unallocate(d|s)?|outcast(ed|s)?|furnace(d|s)?|necro(e?s|ed)?|make-or-break|backdoor(ed|s)?|shitpost(ed|s)?|spoiler(ed|s)?|sub-?sets?|upcharge[ds]?|tribute[ds]?|rebrands?|paywall(s|ed)?|parkour(s|ed)?">
<!-- transitive verbs -->
<!ENTITY typically_transitive_verbs "add|allow|bring|get|keep|let|link|lump|make|nominate|piece|put|see|send|tie">
<!-- words that are probably more often used as a noun, preposition or interjection -->
<!ENTITY uncommon_verbs "ooh|key|chevy|neck|shark|chicken|suicide|dam|rice|twin|taboo|core|lullaby|ginger|patronage|caravan|buddy|guy|wive|van|green|toenail|pothole|yellow|safari|crap|bulldog|voodoo|minute|radio|fair|squirrel|ape|fox|badger|ferret|beagle|parrot|rat|arbitrage|privilege|deed|wolf|contango|coo|cat|tot|jut|bulletin|purpose|bitter|zinc|yuck|dot|valet|overnight|automobile|toilet|grandfather|mushroom|luck|paragraph|ambition|concept|field|baby|doll|flower|soldier|dude|volume|letter|id|pipeline|blackberry|bin|pretzel|turtle|panel|muscle|silver|warehouse|wood|machine|magic|clown|traffic|page|monkey|version|bundle|fan|till|dog|reason|garage|chapter|company|conference|chance|candy|room|console|margin|rabbit|article|cheese|while|yes|queen|gas|oil|officer|term|people|evidence|max|captain|case|step|minister|fun|water|excel|church|husband|dinner|police|curl|weed|platform|best|better|worst|twitter|prod|summit|calendar|chair|belt|mesh|curry|spam|sauce|lord|section|sheet|weekend|even|breakfast|tent|word|mad|mine|blue|eclipse|diesel|up|down|content|off|pretty|minor|well|physic|knight|dirty|tree|peter|harry|matt|mike|nick|bob|rick|sally|ralph|carol|war|shrimp|table|kit|gang|pen|soup|founder|proverb|jimmy|marcel|roger|wallpaper|primary|coal|tower|noise|cant|card|advantage|background|invalid|wrong|orgasm|babbitt|waitress|ballpark|carp|devil|cop|hot|major|negative|summer|winter|yip|bird|frog|window">
<!ENTITY common_verbs_that_are_also_adjectives "live|work|record|open|close|strip|reverse|complete|select|switch|return|warm">
<!ENTITY company_names_that_are_also_verbs "react|google|zoom|curl|facetime|excel|chevy|skype|photoshop|kindle|discover|aspire|velcro|intuit">
<!-- verbs often used with infinitival 'to' as oppsed to 'for -ing' -->
<!ENTITY infinitive_verbs "accomplish|allow|annex|be|build|cause|chill|close|collateralize|complement|concede|contain|create|date|deceive|demolish|denote|depict|designate|dig|discuss|do|drive|encapsulate|establish|evacuate|expound|feed|force|form|frighten|identify|improve|include|infer|join|keep|kill|learn|light|lower|lube|make|mark|mean|mimic|murder|open|pay|persuade|price|reply|show|shut|slow|speak|spice|strengthen|swap|take|teach|terrify|up">
<!ENTITY verbs_followed_by_infin "afford|agree|arrange|attempt|choose|dare|decide|expect|fail|forget|hate|help|hope|intend|learn|like|love|manage|mean|need|plan|prefer|promise|refuse|remember|suppose|tend|threaten|try|want">
<!-- nouns often used with "you" (e.g. "You guys are crazy!")-->
<!ENTITY nouns_with_you "two|three|four|men|women|bros|sis|buddy|buddies|folks?|mates|fools|[gp]als|guys|gals|fuckers?|brothers|dudes|kids|devs|idiots|girls|boys|lads|people|wives|bastards|morons|traitors|shanks|dicks|weirdos|douchebags|murderers|rapscallions|dummkopfs?|wannabee?s?|honeybuns?|honeys?|gringos?|genius(es)?|cuties?|dems?|bestie?|scumbags?|amigos?|peeps?">
<!-- words that are very uncommon but are likely misspellings of verbs (these words should be in prohibit.txt) -->
<!ENTITY commonly_misspelled_verbs "sel|wen|pul|sai|mises|os|fils?|gat|thew|incluses?|fucus|dit|loke|tret|ser">
<!ENTITY hyphen_modifier "based|powered|shaped|sponsored|specific|driven|related|dominated|focuss?ed|friendly|worthy|oriented|connected|protected|operated|resistant|agnostic|generated|centric|compliant|dependent|wide|free|compatible|sized|owned|tolerant|influenced|prohibitive">
<!ENTITY subject_pronouns "I|you|he|she|it|we|they|one">
<!ENTITY object_pronouns "me|you|him|her|it|us|them|one">
<!ENTITY uom_abbreviations_SI "(Y|Z|E|P|T|G|M|k|h|da|d|c|m|µ|n|p|f|a|z|y)?(m|g|s|A|K|mol|cd|rad|sr|Hz|N|Pa|J|W|C|V|F|Ω|S|Wb|T|H|lm|lx|Bq|Gy|Sv|kat|min|h|d|L|t|Np|B|eV|u|ua)"><!-- https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/units.html -->
<!ENTITY uom_abbreviations_other "bpm|Btu|BTU|cc|dB|ft|hp|hr|in|ipm|kcal|kph|lb|lm|mcg|mi|min|ml|MMBtu|mpg|mph|ppb|psi|ppm|rpm|yd"><!-- Not a full list. Last updated 2021-07-21. Why is km necessary? It is in uom_abbreviations_SI. -->
<!ENTITY subordinating_conjunctions "after|although|as|because|before|if|lest|like|once|save|since|than|that|though|unless|until|whenever|where|whereas|wherever|whether|while|why"><!-- #2988. Updated 2020-09-30 -->
<!ENTITY ambiguous_date '
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|1[0-2]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|1[0-2]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d\d\d</token>
'>
<!-- "7 October 2014" and "7th October 2014" -->
<!ENTITY date_dmy '
<token regexp="yes">\d\d?(th)?</token>
<token regexp="yes">&months;|&abbrevMonths;</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d\d\d</token>
'>
<!ENTITY date_dmy_skip '
<token regexp="yes">\d\d?</token>
<token regexp="yes">&months;|&abbrevMonths;</token>
<token regexp="yes" skip="-1">\d\d\d\d</token>
'>
<!-- "October 7, 2014" -->
<!ENTITY date_mdy '
<token regexp="yes">&months;|&abbrevMonths;</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d?</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d\d\d</token>
'>
<!ENTITY date_mdy_optional_comma '
<token regexp="yes">&months;|&abbrevMonths;</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d?(st|nd|rd|th)?</token>
<token min="0">,</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d\d\d</token>
'>
<!ENTITY date_mdy_skip '
<token regexp="yes">&months;|&abbrevMonths;</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d?</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes" skip="-1">\d\d\d\d</token>
'>
<!-- "31/10/2014" -->
<!ENTITY date_dmy_numbers '
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|1[0-2]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d\d\d</token>
'>
<!ENTITY date_dmy_numbers_skip '
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|1[0-2]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes" skip="-1">\d\d\d\d</token>
'>
<!-- "10/31/2014" -->
<!ENTITY date_mdy_numbers '
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|1[0-2]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d\d\d</token>
'>
<!ENTITY date_mdy_numbers_skip '
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|1[0-2]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes">0?[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01]</token>
<token>/</token>
<token regexp="yes" skip="-1">\d\d\d\d</token>
'>
<!ENTITY multi_word_verbs '
<antipattern><!-- https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/3D_print -->
<token regexp="yes">3\-?d</token>
<token inflected="yes">print</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deep_clean -->
<token>deep</token>
<token inflected="yes">clean</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>nordic</token>
<token inflected="yes">ski</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>squash</token>
<token inflected="yes">merge</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/soft_soap -->
<token>soft</token>
<token inflected="yes">soap</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/cold-call -->
<token>cold</token>
<token inflected="yes">call</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/dead_end -->
<token>dead</token>
<token inflected="yes">end</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/silk_screen -->
<token>silk</token>
<token inflected="yes">screen</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>pinky</token>
<token inflected="yes">promise</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chest_bump -->
<token>chest</token>
<token inflected="yes">pump</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">vid(eo)?</token>
<token inflected="yes">call</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>quality</token>
<token inflected="yes">check</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>tea</token>
<token inflected="yes">bag</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>bungee</token>
<token inflected="yes">jump</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/beta_test -->
<token>beta</token>
<token inflected="yes">test</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brute_force -->
<token>brute</token>
<token inflected="yes">force</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/couch_surf -->
<token>couch</token>
<token inflected="yes">surf</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>reverse</token>
<token inflected="yes">engineer</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>gift</token>
<token inflected="yes">wrap</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deep_throat -->
<token>deep</token>
<token regexp="yes">dive[sd]?|throat(s|ed)?|clean(s|ed)?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>scuba</token>
<token regexp="yes">dive[sd]?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/cliff_dive -->
<token>cliff</token>
<token inflected="yes">dive</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/problem-solve -->
<token>problem</token>
<token inflected="yes">solve</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- sport training -->
<token>static</token>
<token inflected="yes">stretch</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/sweet_talk -->
<token>sweet</token>
<token inflected="yes">talk</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/road_trip -->
<token>road</token>
<token inflected="yes">trip</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peer_pressure -->
<token>peer</token>
<token inflected="yes">pressure</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- "They could trophy hunt ..." -->
<token>trophy</token>
<token inflected="yes">hunt</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/high_five -->
<token>high</token>
<token inflected="yes">five</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- "cherry pick" like a verb (needs hyphen, other rule) -->
<token>cherry</token>
<token inflected="yes">pick</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- like a VB -->
<token>custom</token>
<token regexp="yes" inflected="yes">build|tailor</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>borderline</token>
<token inflected="yes">stalk</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>sword</token>
<token inflected="yes">fight</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>face</token>
<token inflected="yes">plant</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- "private message" like a verb -->
<token>private</token>
<token inflected="yes">message</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cold_weld -->
<token>cold</token>
<token inflected="yes">weld</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- "bad mouth" like a verb (needs hyphen, other rule) -->
<token>bad</token>
<token inflected="yes">mouth</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- "deep link" like a verb (needs hyphen, other rule) -->
<token>deep</token>
<token inflected="yes">link</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- "idiot proof" like a verb (needs hyphen, other rule) -->
<token>idiot</token>
<token>proof</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- used like a verb -->
<token skip="1">factory</token>
<token inflected="yes">reset</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- I can high pull -->
<token>high</token>
<token inflected="yes">pull</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>comma</token>
<token regexp="yes">sep[ea]rate[ds]?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- I can strict press many times -->
<token>strict</token>
<token inflected="yes">press</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- informal verb -->
<token>deep</token>
<token inflected="yes">dive</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>piggy</token><!-- "piggy back" needs rule (written as one word) -->
<token inflected="yes">back</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/island-hop -->
<token regexp="yes">island|server</token>
<token inflected="yes">hop</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/roller_skate -->
<token>roller</token>
<token inflected="yes">skate</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/password-protect -->
<token>password</token>
<token inflected="yes">protect</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>social</token>
<token regexp="yes">(distanc|isolat)(e|ed|ing|es)</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/guilt_trip -->
<token>guilt</token>
<token inflected="yes">trip</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/hula_hoop -->
<token>hula</token>
<token regexp="yes">hoop(ed|s|ing)?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/hula_hoop -->
<token>beta</token>
<token inflected="yes">test</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/hard_code -->
<token>hard</token>
<token inflected="yes">code</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>hand</token>
<token inflected="yes">deliver</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>git</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">push|pull|commit</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">fed(eral)?</token>
<token regexp="yes">ex(press)?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>http</token>
<token inflected="yes">post</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>mountain</token>
<token inflected="yes">bike</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>jerry</token>
<token inflected="yes">rig</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes" skip="1">cheap</token>
<token>out</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>strong</token>
<token inflected="yes">arm</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/one_up -->
<token>one</token>
<token inflected="yes">up</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>deeper</token>
<token inflected="yes">understand</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/titty_fuck -->
<token regexp="yes">titt(ie|y)|fist</token>
<token inflected="yes">fuck</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>lip</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">synch?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/executive_produce#English -->
<token>executive</token>
<token inflected="yes">produce</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/peer_review -->
<token>peer</token>
<token inflected="yes">review</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>force</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">quit|delete|destroy|remove</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>stress</token>
<token inflected="yes">test</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>fine</token>
<token inflected="yes">tune</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">crack|rip</token>
<token inflected="yes">open</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>double</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">tap|click</token>
</antipattern>
'>
<!ENTITY nouns_with_a 'series?|slot|(sub-?)?section|angle|choice|point|plan|exhibit|annex|part|person|group|team|participant|patient|level|probant|type|region|zone|band|source|influenza|hepatitis|grade|formula|document|division|class|category|dock|column|appendix|macro|criterion|vitamin|model|graph|tier|option|party|enzyme|object|genotype|cohort|rank|bisphenol|copulative|sample|subject|line|condition'>
<!ENTITY nouns_with_i 'axis|appendix|unit|article|block|phase|class|grade|part|exhibit|semester|paragraph|section|chaos|enigma|book|war|king|current|mustang|type|division|level|bi\-?polar|century|tier|numeral|algorithm|auschwitz|charles|fukushima|algebra|angiotensin|diablo|yaroslav|yazid|alaric|sigismund|darius|charibert|bolesław|justinian|mhc|radama|xerxes|gregory|stage|salt|elizabeth|zog|amendment|antigonus|otto|calculus|bayezid|leonidas|cleomenes|anaxandridas|francois|plaza|william|leo|carl|polymerase|title|john|napoleon|alexander|pueblo|justin|muse'>
<!ENTITY given_names_that_are_also_nouns 'romeo|matt|mike|trump|jack|tom|mark|nick|chad|robin|laura|clement|victor|martin|bob|bobby|steven|morgan|john|peter|rick|sally|carol|jerry|anna|jessie|eric'>
<!-- These can be adjectives or VBNs in passive constructions AND are more likely to be passive voice VBNs -->
<!ENTITY ispassive "accepted|added|addressed|adopted|affected|agreed|applied|assured|attached|barred|beaten|billed|blocked|burned|calculated|called|checked|cleaned|committed|condensed|conducted|confirmed|considered|conveyed|cooked|cooled|cultivated|cut|defeated|demolished|depicted|designed|destroyed|determined|discovered|distributed|documented|drawn|driven|dropped|dumped|elected|executed|expanded|fascinated|featured|fitted|flooded|gathered|grown|handled|held|hewn|hidden|implemented|improved|incorporated|left|loaded|mailed|marked|measured|needed|offended|opened|ordered|outclassed|overblown|overthrown|parked|placed|played|prepared|processed|proven|published|raised|recorded|redesigned|reduced|refined|repaired|resolved|roasted|rounded|scheduled|secured|selected|sent|shorn|slit|sloshed|stressed|structured|studied|tested|threatened|tracked|traded|transmitted|transported|turned|uplifted|used|valued|worked|wound|wounded|wreathed|written">
<!-- These are VBNs of verbs that are mostly used intransitively. Therefore, they are not likely to be used in a passive construction -->
<!ENTITY notpassive "bewildered|born|bored|broken|complicated|crowded|depraved|depressed|devoted|disappointed|doomed|drunk|excited|experienced|fit|flabbergasted|flustered|forbidden|frightened|frozen|frustrated|gone|hidden|intended|interested|intoxicated|limited|lost|married|mistaken|obsessed|opposed|overworked|prejudiced|proven|related|ruined|satisfied|scared|soaked|sophisticated|suited|supposed|surprised|surrounded|thrilled|tired|upset|wet|wicked|worried">
]>
<rules lang="en" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/languagetool-org/languagetool/master/languagetool-core/src/main/resources/org/languagetool/rules/rules.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Style -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="STYLE" name="Style" type="style">
<rulegroup id="TWITTER_X" name="Twitter (X)" tags="picky">
<short>Outdated Name</short>
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1">twitter</token>
<token regexp="yes">x|𝕏|.*tweet.*|x-.*|.*x\.com</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes" skip="-1">x|𝕏|.*tweet.*|x-.*|.*x\.com</token>
<token>twitter</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>twitter</token>
<token regexp="yes">[_.]</token>
<token regexp="yes" spacebefore="no">.*[a-z].*</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>#</token>
<token>twitter</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- used a verb -->
<token regexp="yes">s?he|it</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token>twitter</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">named|founded|established|led</token>
<token>twitter</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>known</token>
<token>as</token>
<token>twitter</token>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">on|via|for|at|against|with(out|in)?</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|y?our|their|his|her|the</token>
<marker>
<token>twitter</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This popular online platform has been renamed to "X".</message>
<suggestion>X</suggestion>
<suggestion>𝕏</suggestion>
<suggestion>X (formerly known as Twitter)</suggestion>
<example correction="X|𝕏|X (formerly known as Twitter)">I have seen his message on <marker>Twitter</marker>.</example>
<example>I have seen his message on Twitter (also known as 𝕏).</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>twitter</token>
</marker>
<token spacebefore="no">'s</token>
</pattern>
<message>This popular online platform has been renamed to "X".</message>
<suggestion>X</suggestion>
<suggestion>𝕏</suggestion>
<example correction="X|𝕏"><marker>Twitter</marker>'s owner is Elon Musk.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="BUSSES" name="busses (buses)">
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">s?he|it</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token>busses</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token chunk="E-NP-singular" />
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token>busses</token>
<token postag="NNS|DT|IN|PRP.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>busses</token>
</pattern>
<message>The more common plural form of "bus" (= motor vehicle) is <suggestion>buses</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/plural-of-bus</url>
<short>Recommended spelling</short>
<example correction="buses">Two <marker>busses</marker> were taking the kids to school.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="PASSIVE_VOICE_SIMPLE" name="simple cases of passive voice" tags="picky">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/what-is-passive-voice/</url>
<short>Passive voice</short>
<antipattern>
<token>ones</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="2">by</token>
<token>time</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- A tree is known by its fruit. -->
<token>known</token>
<token>by</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1">neither</token>
<token>yet</token>
<example>Neither nominee has yet been confirmed by the Senate.</example> <!-- [4] -->
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>very</token>
<token>appreciated</token>
<example>He is very appreciated by the Algerian women.</example> <!-- [30] -->
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="1">by</token>
<token regexp="yes">&weekdays;|&abbrevWeekdays;|&months;|&abbrevMonths;
<exception>sun</exception>
</token>
<example>Enron Wind is unlikely to take any action if real progress is made by this Friday.</example> <!-- [13] -->
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- the finite sum is replaced by an infinite series. -->
<token>by</token>
<token chunk="B-NP-plural" regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token min="0" />
<token postag="NNS" regexp="yes">.+s</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="2">by</token>
<token regexp="yes">method|means|default|mistake|def(inition)?|design|convention|condition|exercise|chances?|doc(umentation)?|necc?ess?ity|laws?|luck|miracles?|passion|hearts?|extensions?|return</token>
<example>A calamity was avoided by sheer luck.</example> <!-- [8] -->
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- Sexual maturity is reached by 12 months. -->
<token regexp="yes">reached|increased|decreased|lowered|measured</token>
<token>by</token>
<token postag="CD" />
<example>Acid strength is commonly measured by two methods.</example> <!-- [10] -->
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- The bus fares have been raised by 20 percent -->
<token>by</token>
<token postag="CD" />
<token>percent</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NNS" />
<token regexp="yes">are|were</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VBN" />
<token>by</token>
<token>their</token>
<!-- [10] -->
<example>All trademarks are owned by their respective companies.</example>
<example>These children are neglected by their parents</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>well</token>
<token postag="VBN" />
<example>This service has been well received by our customers.</example>
<example>Terrestrial life was well established by the Carboniferous period.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>borne</token>
<token>out</token>
<example>His story was borne out by the facts.</example>
<example>However, inside current computational ranges (such as the counts of Carmichael numbers performed by Pinch up to 1021), these conjectures are not yet borne out by the data.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>by</token>
<token chunk="E-NP-singular">
<exception postag="PRP_O.*|NNPS?" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">(any|every|no|some)(body|one|thing)</exception>
</token>
<token postag="SENT_END" />
<example>It is published by email.</example>
<example>We are related by blood.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>by</token>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">oz|ounce|pint|quart|gallon|lb|pound|(kilo)?gram|stone|second|minute|hour|day|week|month|batch|dozen</token>
<example>Milk is sold by the pint.</example>
<example>Rice is sold by the kilogram.</example>
<example>Tom is paid by the hour.</example>
<example>The apples are sold by the dozen.</example> <!-- [10] -->
<example>In Japan, we are paid by the month.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes" postag="VBN">established|handicapped|informed|tempted</token>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token chunk_re="B-NP.*" />
<!-- [8] -->
<example>Yeah, this association was only established by our autopsy findings.</example>
<example>They came early, while the rest were simply tempted by the rewards.</example>
<example>They're political because they are informed by societal patriarchal principles.</example> <!-- [30] -->
<example>He is handicapped by poor health.</example> <!-- [31] -->
</antipattern>
<rule><!-- xxx has/have not been VBN by <plural> [1] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">has|have</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token>been</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="NNP?S" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="E-NP-plural"/>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\13 \14 \15 have not \7 \9 <match no="10" postag="VBN"/> \11 <match no="2" case_conversion="startlower"/> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="the police have not saved the children"><marker>The children haven't been saved by the police</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the police have not entirely saved the children"><marker>The children have not been entirely saved by the police</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the police have not made up the stories"><marker>The stories have not been made up by the police</marker>.</example>
<example>Qualitative ones have not always matched the quantitative gains.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- xxx has/have been VBN by <plural> [2] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">ha(s|ve)</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token>been</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="NNP?S" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="E-NP-plural"/>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\12 \13 \14 have \6 \8 <match no="9" postag="VBN"/> \10 <match no="2" case_conversion="startlower"/> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="the police have saved the children"><marker>The children have been saved by the police</marker>.</example>
<example correction="individual investors have also backed the company"><marker>The company has also been backed by individual investors</marker>.</example>
<example correction="mainstream scholars have generally discounted these competing hypotheses"><marker>These competing hypotheses have generally been discounted by mainstream scholars</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the police have recently saved the children"><marker>The children have been recently saved by the police</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the police have made up the stories"><marker>The stories have been made up by the police</marker>.</example>
<example correction="most palaeontologists have not accepted this idea"><marker>This idea has not been accepted by most palaeontologists</marker>.</example>
<example>All other championships have been won by the Soviet Union, Russia, or Sweden.</example>
<example>This view has been criticized by some scholars, but is now broadly accepted by most authors of general books on Indian art.</example>
<example>This claim has been questioned by some archaeologists, who note that Noric steel, was famous in the Roman Empire period.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- xxx has/have not been VBN by <singular> [3] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">has|have</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token>been</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="B-NP-singular"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="I-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN|NN:UN?|NNP" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="E-NP-singular"/>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\13 \14 \15 has not \7 \9 <match no="10" postag="VBN"/> \11 <match no="2" case_conversion="startlower"/> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="the team has not yet finalized the project"><marker>The project has not yet been finalized by the team</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the team has not yet officially finalized the project"><marker>The project has not yet been officially finalized by the team</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the team has not yet planned out the project"><marker>The project has not yet been planned out by the team</marker>.</example>
<example>I will get with you and the Team again Friday afternoon if the tentative schedule has not been resolved by that time.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- xxx has/have been VBN by <singular> [4] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">ha(s|ve)</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token>been</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="B-NP-singular"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="I-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN|NN:UN?|NNP" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="E-NP-singular"/>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\12 \13 \14 has \6 \8 <match no="9" postag="VBN"/> \10 <match no="2" case_conversion="startlower"/> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="the team has already finalized the project"><marker>The project has already been finalized by the team</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the team has already officially finalized the project"><marker>The project has already been officially finalized by the team</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the team has already planned out the project"><marker>The project has already been planned out by the team</marker>.</example>
<example correction="our staff has processed your order"><marker>Your order has been processed by our staff</marker>.</example>
<example>All other championships have been won by the Soviet Union, Russia, or Sweden.</example>
<example>This view has been criticized by some scholars, but is now broadly accepted by most authors of general books on Indian art.</example>
<example>This claim has been questioned by some archaeologists, who note that Noric steel, was famous in the Roman Empire period.</example>
<example>The bus fares have been raised by 20 percent.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- xxx hadn't been VBN by <singular/plural> [5] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token>had</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token>been</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\13 \14 \15 had not \7 \9 <match no="10" postag="VBN"/> \11 <match no="2" case_conversion="startlower"/> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="the team had not yet finalized the project"><marker>The project hadn't yet been finalized by the team</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the team had not yet officially finalized the project"><marker>The project hadn't yet been officially finalized by the team</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the team had not yet planned out the project"><marker>The project hadn't yet been planned out by the team</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- xxx had been VBN by <singular/plural> [6] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token>had</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token>been</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\12 \13 \14 \5 \6 \8 <match no="9" postag="VBN"/> \10 <match no="2" case_conversion="startlower"/> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="the team had already finalized the project"><marker>The project had already been finalized by the team</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the team had already officially finalized the project"><marker>The project had already been officially finalized by the team</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the team had already planned out the project"><marker>The project had already been planned out by the team</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- xxx was/were not VBN by <singular/plural> [7] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">was|were</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\11 \12 \13 did not \7 <match no="8" postag="VB"/> \9 <match no="2" case_conversion="startlower"/> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="the team did not yet finalize the project"><marker>The project wasn't yet finalized by the team</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the team did not yet plan out the project"><marker>The project wasn't yet planned out by the team</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- xxx was/were VBN by <singular/plural> [8] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">was|were</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0">
<exception>not</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\10 \11 \12 \6 <match no="7" postag="VBD"/> \8 <match no="2" case_conversion="startlower"/> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="the team already finalized the project"><marker>The project was already finalized by the team</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the team already planned out the project"><marker>The project was already planned out by the team</marker>.</example>
<example correction="a squirrel caused the power outage"><marker>The power outage was caused by a squirrel</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- xxx is/are not VBN by <plural> [9] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="NNP?S" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="E-NP-plural"/>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\11 \12 \13 do not \7 <match no="8" postag="VB"/> \9 <match no="2" case_conversion="startlower"/> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="epidemiologic data do not support these claims"><marker>These claims are not supported by epidemiologic data</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the citizens do not vote for these politicians"><marker>These politicians are not voted for by the citizens</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the police do not save the children"><marker>The children are not saved by the police</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- xxx is/are VBN by <plural> [10] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">\.|and|as|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token postag="VBN">
<exception regexp="yes">backed|defined|hampered</exception>
</token>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="NNP?S" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="E-NP-plural">
<exception>media</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\10 \11 \12 \6 <match no="7" postag="VBP"/> \8 <match no="2" case_conversion="startlower"/> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="context-free grammars generate most arithmetic expressions">Also, <marker>most arithmetic expressions are generated by context-free grammars</marker>.</example>
<example>In mathematics, a straight line is defined by two points.</example>
<example>In another report, Politico said Fox News and Fox Business campaigns held, "The non-profit status as an educator is violated by partisan attacks.</example>
<example>This race involves running around until one gets dry, but the attempts are hampered by incoming waves.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- xxx is/are VBN by <plural> [11] -->
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" />
<token postag="J.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP.*" />
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes" postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="[IE]-NP.*">[A-Z].*</token>
<example>Blue Slate Solutions is backed by individual investors.</example>
<example>Smart Warrior is backed by private individual investors.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token postag="VBN">
<exception regexp="yes">backed|defined|hampered</exception>
</token>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="NNP?S" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="E-NP-plural">
<exception>media</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion><match no="10" case_conversion="startupper" /> \11 \12 \6 <match no="7" postag="VBP"/> \8 <match no="2" case_conversion="startlower"/> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="The police save the children"><marker>The children are saved by the police</marker>.</example>
<example correction="The police make up the stories"><marker>The stories are made up by the police</marker>.</example>
<example>Sexual maturity is reached by 12 months.</example>
<example>The Palestinians are dehumanized by some media.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- xxx is/are not VBN by <singular> [12] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="B-NP-singular"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="I-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN|NN:UN?|NNP" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="E-NP-singular"/>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\11 \12 \13 does not \7 <match no="8" postag="VB"/> \9 <match no="2" case_conversion="startlower"/> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="the fireman does not save the children"><marker>The children are not saved by the fireman</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the boy does not make up the stories"><marker>The stories are not made up by the boy</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- xxx is/are VBN by <singular> (SENT_START) - [13] -->
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">.*man|person
<exception>woman</exception>
</token>
<token skip="3">is</token>
<token>by</token>
<token>his</token>
<example>A man is grabbed by his tongue.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">.*woman|person</token>
<token skip="3">is</token>
<token>by</token>
<token>her</token>
<example>A woman is grabbed by her tongue.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">.*men|people</token>
<token skip="3">are</token>
<token>by</token>
<token>their</token>
<example>Men are grabbed by their tongues.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" />
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0">
<exception>only</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="B-NP-singular"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="I-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN|NN:UN?|NNP" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="E-NP-singular"/>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion><match no="10" case_conversion="startupper" /> \11 \12 \6 <match no="7" postag="VBZ"/> \8 <match no="2" case_conversion="startlower"/> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="The fireman saves the children"><marker>The children are saved by the fireman</marker>.</example>
<example correction="A negative sign represents a loss"><marker>A loss is represented by a negative sign</marker>.</example>
<example correction="The boy makes up the story"><marker>The story is made up by the boy</marker>.</example>
<example>An artist is known by their work.</example>
<example>The bridge is launched by the cantilever method.</example>
<example>The bridge is launched by default.</example>
<example>His badness is only redeemed by his generosity.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- xxx is/are VBN by <singular> (not SENT_START) [14] -->
<antipattern>
<token>by</token>
<token>the</token>
<token postag="NNP" />
<token postag="SENT_END" />
<example>1900 – The Battle of Elands River during the Second Boer War ends after a 13-day siege is lifted by the British.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">.*man|person
<exception>woman</exception>
</token>
<token skip="3">is</token>
<token>by</token>
<token>his</token>
<example>An ox is captured by the horns, a person is bound by his word.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">.*woman|person</token>
<token skip="3">is</token>
<token>by</token>
<token>her</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">.*men|people</token>
<token skip="3">are</token>
<token>by</token>
<token>their</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="B-NP-singular"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="I-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN|NN:UN?|NNP" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="E-NP-singular"/>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\10 \11 \12 \6 <match no="7" postag="VBZ"/> \8 <match no="2" case_conversion="startlower"/> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="a typhoon threatens the city">As if in answer to Jimmy's complaint, <marker>the city is threatened by a typhoon</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the liver partly catabolizes the drug">First, <marker>the drug is partly catabolized by the liver</marker>.</example>
<example correction="the child makes up the story">Most of the time, <marker>the story is made up by the child</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- Pronoun be not VBN by <singular pronoun> [15] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">am|are|is</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token>by</token>
<token regexp="yes">him|her|it</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion><match no="8" postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" /> does not \5 <match no="6" postag="VB" /> <match no="2" postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" /></suggestion>
<example correction="She does not save him"><marker>He is not saved by her</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- Pronoun be not VBN by <plural pronoun> [16] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">am|are|is</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token>by</token>
<token postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP.*">
<exception regexp="yes">him|her|it</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion><match no="8" postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" /> do not \5 <match no="6" postag="VB" /> <match no="2" postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" /></suggestion>
<example correction="they do not control him">The superior man controls things, <marker>he is not controlled by them</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- Pronoun was/were not VBN by <pronoun> [17] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">was|were</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token>by</token>
<token postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP.*" />
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion><match no="8" postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" /> did not <match no="6" postag="VB" /> <match no="2" postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" /></suggestion>
<example correction="He did not intimidate her"><marker>She wasn't intimidated by him</marker>.</example>
<example correction="She did not save him"><marker>He was not saved by her</marker>.</example>
<example correction="they did not control him">The superior man controlled things, <marker>he was not controlled by them</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- <pronoun> be not VBN by <singular> [18] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token inflected="yes">be
<exception regexp="yes">was|were</exception>
</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token postag="VBN">
<exception regexp="yes">consecrated|ordered</exception>
</token>
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="B-NP-singular"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="I-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="E-NP-singular" />
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\8 \9 \10 does not \5 <match no="6" postag="VB"/> <match no="2" postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" /></suggestion>
<example correction="The teacher does not reprimand them"><marker>They are not reprimanded by the teacher</marker>.</example>
<example correction="an edge does not connect them">In particular, two generators commute if and only if <marker>they are not connected by an edge</marker>.</example>
<example correction="a contractual marriage does not bind them|a contractual marriage does not bound them">Concerning marriage, the people of Nowhere practice monogamy but are free to pursue romantic love because <marker>they are not bound by a contractual marriage</marker>.</example>
<example>Love must be sanctified by marriage, and this passion becomes criminal if it's not consecrated by a sacrament.</example>
<example>All other aspects of language are present, indeed they are vital to the rhythm of the verse; but they are not ordered by the meter.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- <pronoun> be not VBN by <plural> [19] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token inflected="yes">be
<exception regexp="yes">was|were</exception>
</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="NNP?S" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="E-NP-plural">
<exception>criteria</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\8 \9 \10 do not \5 <match no="6" postag="VB"/> <match no="2" postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" /></suggestion>
<example correction="The police do not save them"><marker>They are not saved by the police</marker>.</example>
<example correction="native users do not validate them">It makes no sense to add hundreds of sentences at Tatoeba if <marker>they are not validated by native users</marker>.</example>
<example>According to him, to belong to a nation is a subjective act which always has to be repeated, as it is not assured by objective criteria.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- <pronoun> was/were not VBN by NP [20] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token regexp="yes">was|were</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token postag="VBN">
<exception regexp="yes">consecrated|ordered|pleased</exception>
</token>
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP.*"/>
<token postag="NNP?|NN:UN?|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\8 \9 \10 did not \5 <match no="6" postag="VB"/> <match no="2" postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" /></suggestion>
<example correction="The police did not save them"><marker>They were not saved by the police</marker>.</example>
<example correction="My arguments did not convince them"><marker>They were not convinced by my arguments</marker>.</example>
<example correction="political parties did not support them">After that time, newspapers became nonpartisan since <marker>they were not supported by political parties</marker>.</example>
<example correction="The recession did not affect me"><marker>I wasn't affected by the recession</marker>.</example>
<example correction="The Holy Ghost did not beget him"><marker>He was not begotten by the Holy Ghost</marker>.</example>
<example>I was not pleased by your rude behavior.</example>
<example>The noise did not wake me up.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- xxx has/have not been VBN by <pronoun NOT 3 pr. sing.> [21] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">has|have</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token>been</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">him|her|it</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion><match no="13" postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" case_conversion="startupper" /> have not \7 \9 \10 \11 <match no="2" case_conversion="alllower" /> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="They have not followed my car"><marker>My car has not been followed by them</marker>.</example>
<example correction="They have not recently followed my car"><marker>My car has not been recently followed by them</marker>.</example>
<example correction="They have not recently looked over the articles"><marker>The articles have not recently been looked over by them</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- xxx has/have not been VBN by <pronoun 3 pr. sing.> [22] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">has|have</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token>been</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token regexp="yes">him|her|it</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion><match no="13" postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" case_conversion="startupper" /> has not \7 \9 \10 \11 <match no="2" case_conversion="alllower" /> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="She has not followed my car"><marker>My car has not been followed by her</marker>.</example>
<example correction="He has not recently followed my car"><marker>My car has not been recently followed by him</marker>.</example>
<example correction="She has not recently looked over the articles"><marker>The articles have not recently been looked over by her</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- xxx had not been VBN by <pronoun> [23] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-.*"/>
<token>had</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token>been</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion><match no="13" postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" case_conversion="startupper" /> had not \7 \9 \10 \11 <match no="2" case_conversion="alllower" /> \3 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="He had not yet reviewed the documents"><marker>The documents had not yet been reviewed by him</marker>.</example>
<example correction="They had not recently followed my car"><marker>My car had not been recently followed by them</marker>.</example>
<example correction="She had not actually looked over the articles"><marker>The articles had not actually been looked over by her</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- Tom has been saved by the police (plural NP) [24] -->
<antipattern>
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN" chunk_re="E-NP-plural">
<exception>police</exception>
</token>
<example>Tom has been bitten by his horse.</example>
<example>Tom has been stung by a jellyfish.</example>
<example>Tom has never been scolded by his father.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NNP" />
<token>has</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0">
<exception>n't</exception>
</token>
<token>been</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-plural" />
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\10 \11 \12 have \4 \6 \7 \8 \2</suggestion>
<example correction="The police have saved Tom"><marker>Tom has been saved by the police</marker>.</example>
<example>Tom has been disowned by his parents.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- Tom has been saved by Mary (singular NP) [25] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NNP" />
<token>has</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0">
<exception>n't</exception>
</token>
<token>been</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-singular">
<exception regexp="yes">all|&months;|&abbrevMonths;|&weekdays;|&abbrevWeekdays;</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\10 \11 \12 has \4 \6 \7 \8 \2</suggestion>
<example correction="Mary has saved Tom"><marker>Tom has been saved by Mary</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- He has been saved by the police (plural NP) [26] -->
<antipattern>
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN" chunk_re="E-NP-plural">
<exception>police</exception>
</token>
<example>Tom has been bitten by his horse.</example>
<example>Tom has been stung by a jellyfish.</example>
<example>Tom has never been scolded by his father.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>has</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0">
<exception>n't</exception>
</token>
<token>been</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-plural" />
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\10 \11 \12 have \4 \6 \7 \8 <match no="2" postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" /></suggestion>
<example correction="The police have saved him"><marker>He has been saved by the police</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- He has been saved by Mary (singular NP) [27] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>has</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0">
<exception>n't</exception>
</token>
<token>been</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-singular">
<exception>all</exception>
<exception regexp="yes">all|&months;|&abbrevMonths;|&weekdays;|&abbrevWeekdays;</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\10 \11 \12 has \4 \6 \7 \8 <match no="2" postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" /></suggestion>
<example correction="Mary has saved him"><marker>He has been saved by Mary</marker>.</example>
<example>He has been loved by all.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="temp_off"> <!-- Tom is saved by the police (plural NP) [28] - TEMP OFF TO FIX CAPITALIZATION BUG -->
<antipattern>
<token>by</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?|this</token>
<example>Myanmar is ruled by a military dictatorship.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>come</token>
<token>by</token>
<example>Jobs are hard come by these days.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN" chunk_re="E-NP-plural">
<exception>police</exception>
</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NNPS?" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB">
<exception inflected="yes">not</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-plural" />
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\9 \10 \11 \3 \5 <match no="6" postag="VBP" /> \2</suggestion>
<example correction="The police save Tom"><marker>Tom is saved by the police</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- Tom is saved by Mary (singular NP) - SENT_START [29] -->
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="NN(:UN?)?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception>Tom</exception>
</token>
<example>Art is loved by everybody.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" />
<marker>
<token postag="NNPS?" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception>fish</exception> <!-- capitalization -->
</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB">
<exception inflected="yes">not</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token min="0" postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-singular" />
<token min="0" postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-singular" />
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-singular">
<exception>all</exception>
<exception regexp="yes">all|&months;|&abbrevMonths;|&weekdays;|&abbrevWeekdays;</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\9 \10 \11 \3 \5 <match no="6" postag="VBZ" /> \2</suggestion>
<example correction="Mary saves Tom"><marker>Tom is saved by Mary</marker>.</example>
<example correction="Everyone respects Maria"><marker>Maria is respected by everyone</marker>.</example>
<example>Fish is normally accompanied by white wine.</example>
<example>Tom is loved by all.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- Tom is saved by Mary (singular NP) - NOT SENT_START [30] -->
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="NN(:UN?)?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception>Tom</exception>
</token>
<example>Art is loved by everybody.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NNPS?" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB">
<exception inflected="yes">not</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes" postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-singular">[a-z].*</token>
<token min="0" postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-singular" />
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-singular">
<exception regexp="yes">all|&months;|&abbrevMonths;|&weekdays;|&abbrevWeekdays;</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion><match no="9" case_conversion="alllower" /> \10 \11 \3 \5 <match no="6" postag="VBZ" /> \2</suggestion>
<example correction="a memorial tablet represents Confucius">In other temples, <marker>Confucius is represented by a memorial tablet</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- He is saved by the police (plural NP) [31] -->
<antipattern>
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN" chunk_re="E-NP-plural">
<exception>police</exception>
</token>
<example>Tom has been bitten by his horse.</example>
<example>Tom has been stung by a jellyfish.</example>
<example>Tom has never been scolded by his father.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB">
<exception inflected="yes">not</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN">
<exception regexp="yes">grouped|sorted</exception>
</token>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-plural" />
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\9 \10 \11 \3 \5 <match no="6" postag="VBP" /> <match no="2" postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" /></suggestion>
<example correction="The police save him"><marker>He is saved by the police</marker>.</example>
<example>They are grouped by primary allegiances.</example>
<example>It is sorted by total points.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- He is saved by Mary (singular NP) [32] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB">
<exception regexp="yes" inflected="yes">not|only</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN">
<exception regexp="yes">affected|constituted</exception>
</token>
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-singular">
<exception postag="NNP?S" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">all|&months;|&abbrevMonths;|&weekdays;|&abbrevWeekdays;</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\8 \9 \10 \3 \5 <match no="6" postag="VBZ" /> <match no="2" postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" /></suggestion>
<example correction="Mary saves him"><marker>He is saved by Mary</marker>.</example>
<example>They are not recognized by more conservative Hutterites.</example>
<example>They aren't hated by anybody.</example>
<example>The underlying premise of economic antisemitism is that Jews perform harmful economic activities or that economic activities become harmful when they are performed by Jews.</example>
<example>It is constituted by a Regional Assembly.</example>
<example>The emergency vehicle that picks you up after you are run over by a steamroller.</example>
<example>We are only separated by the Pacific Ocean.</example>
<example>Since species of Coleoptera use environmental stimuli to communicate, they are affected by the climate.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- Tom isn't saved by the police (plural NP - negated) [33] -->
<antipattern>
<token>by</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?|this</token>
<example>Myanmar is ruled by a military dictatorship.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>come</token>
<token>by</token>
<example>Jobs are hard come by these days.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN" chunk_re="E-NP-plural">
<exception>police</exception>
</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NNPS?" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token inflected="yes">not</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-plural" />
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\10 \11 \12 \3 do not \6 <match no="7" postag="VB" /> \2</suggestion>
<example correction="The police do not save Tom"><marker>Tom isn't saved by the police</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- Tom isn't saved by Mary (singular NP - negated) - SENT_START [34] -->
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="NN(:UN?)?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception>Tom</exception>
</token>
<example>Art is loved by everybody.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" />
<marker>
<token postag="NNPS?" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception>fish</exception> <!-- capitalization -->
</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token inflected="yes">not</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB">
<exception inflected="yes">not</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token min="0" postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-singular" />
<token min="0" postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-singular" />
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-singular">
<exception regexp="yes">all|any.+</exception>
<exception regexp="yes">&months;|&abbrevMonths;|&weekdays;|&abbrevWeekdays;</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\10 \11 \12 \3 does not \6 <match no="7" postag="VB" /> \8 \2</suggestion>
<example correction="Mary does not save Tom"><marker>Tom isn't saved by Mary</marker>.</example>
<example correction="Metrolink does not serve Urmston"><marker>Urmston is not served by Metrolink</marker>.</example>
<example>Sam is not bullied by anyone.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- Tom isn't saved by Mary (singular NP - negated) - NOT SENT_START [35] -->
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="NN(:UN?)?|NNS" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception>Tom</exception>
</token>
<example>Art is loved by everybody.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NNPS?" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token inflected="yes">not</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB">
<exception inflected="yes">not</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN"/>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes" postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-singular">[a-z].*</token>
<token min="0" postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-singular" />
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-singular">
<exception regexp="yes">all|&months;|&abbrevMonths;|&weekdays;|&abbrevWeekdays;</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion><match no="10" case_conversion="alllower" /> \11 \12 \3 does not \6 <match no="7" postag="VB" /> \8 \2</suggestion>
<example correction="Sam does not choose Angela">Other days, <marker>Angela is not chosen by Sam</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- He isn't saved by the police (plural NP - negated) [36] -->
<antipattern>
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="NN" chunk_re="E-NP-plural">
<exception>police</exception>
</token>
<example>Tom has been bitten by his horse.</example>
<example>Tom has been stung by a jellyfish.</example>
<example>Tom has never been scolded by his father.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token inflected="yes">not</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB">
<exception inflected="yes">not</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN">
<exception regexp="yes">assured|grouped|sorted</exception>
</token>
<token min="0" postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-plural"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-plural" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-plural" />
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\10 \11 \12 \3 do not \6 <match no="7" postag="VB" /> \8 <match no="2" postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" /></suggestion>
<example correction="The police do not save him"><marker>He isn't saved by the police</marker>.</example>
<example correction="native users do not validate them">It makes no sense to add hundreds of sentences at Tatoeba if <marker>they are not validated by native users</marker>.</example>
<example>According to him, to belong to a nation is a subjective act which always has to be repeated, as it is not assured by objective criteria.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- He isn't saved by Mary (singular NP - negated) [37] -->
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">and|&|n?or|for</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token regexp="yes">is|are</token>
<token inflected="yes">not</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB">
<exception inflected="yes">not</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN">
<exception>constituted</exception>
</token>
<token>by</token>
<token postag="DT|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*|JJ.*|CD" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="I-NP-singular" min="0"/>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP-singular">
<exception postag="NNP?S" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">all|&months;|&abbrevMonths;|&weekdays;|&abbrevWeekdays;</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>For a more expressive style, consider rephrasing the sentence in the active voice.</message>
<suggestion>\9 \10 \11 \3 does not \6 <match no="7" postag="VB" /> <match no="2" postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" /></suggestion>
<example correction="Mary does not save him"><marker>He isn't saved by Mary</marker>.</example>
<example correction="an edge does not connect them">In particular, two generators commute if and only if <marker>they are not connected by an edge</marker>.</example>
<example>I will leave you and John L. a voice mail regarding same if it is not completed by Monday.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="MORE_EASY_N_CLEAR" name="more easy (easier, less difficult), more clear (clearer, apparent, obvious, evident) to">
<rule> <!-- more easy -->
<antipattern> <!-- more easy and flexible / more easy, more fascinating -->
<token skip="1">more</token>
<token regexp="yes">and|,</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token><exception>a</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>more</token>
<token>easy</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" /></token>
</pattern>
<message>The phrasing 'more easy' can sound awkward and informal. Consider using a comparative adjective or other alternative.</message>
<suggestion>easier</suggestion>
<suggestion>less difficult</suggestion>
<example correction="easier|less difficult">Doing it this way is <marker>more easy</marker> than the previous method.</example>
<example correction="easier|less difficult">Maybe I didn't explain correctly, but hopefully the code will be <marker>more easy</marker> to understand.</example>
<example correction="easier|less difficult">I would prefer installation such as the Python agent, as it seems to be much <marker>more easy</marker>.</example>
<example correction="easier|less difficult">But it would be much <marker>more easy</marker> for us if there would be some document describing in details all aspects.</example>
<example correction="easier|less difficult">I don't know if this makes creating an ST device type any <marker>more easy</marker> or not, but it's a positive sign at least.</example>
<example>I think, we should make linking with existing photo-managing-sites more easy and flexible.</example>
<example>I do not know any reading more easy, more fascinating, more delightful than a catalogue.</example>
<example>Having a hotkey to paste and send my introductory message makes this process more easy, efficient, and lucrative for me.</example>
<example>I'm wondering if it's possible to name an http transaction to distinguish them from one another in a more easy fahsion in our SOA setup.</example>
<example>We need more easy options.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- more clear to -->
<antipattern>
<token>never</token>
<token>been</token>
<token>more</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token><exception>much</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>more</token>
<token>clear</token>
</marker>
<token>to</token> <!-- only if followed by 'to', other contexts didn't make sense -->
</pattern>
<message>Consider using a comparative adjective or other alternative here.</message>
<suggestion>clearer</suggestion>
<suggestion>apparent</suggestion>
<suggestion>obvious</suggestion>
<suggestion>evident</suggestion>
<example correction="clearer|apparent|obvious|evident">It became <marker>more clear</marker> to me that she didn't know what she was talking about.</example>
<example>It's never been more clear to me that if our world is a fascinating book, those who don't travel never turn a page.</example>
<example>This should be made much more clear to end users and should allow you to add the devices or exclude them, instead they opted to add them all automatically.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="FASTLY" name="fastly (quickly)">
<antipattern><!-- Fastly is also a company name -->
<token postag="IN|TO" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>fastly</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- Fastly is also a company name -->
<token postag="DT|PRP\$" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="I-NP.*">fastly</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">[#_@]</token>
<token>fastly</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>.</token>
<token spacebefore="no">fastly</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>fastly</token>
<token spacebefore="no">.</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">.*[a-z].*</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- Fastly is also a company name -->
<token inflected="yes">use</token>
<token>fastly</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>fastly</token>
<token regexp="yes">accounts?|servers?|infrastructure|'s</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token case_sensitive="yes">fastly</token>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb "fastly" is considered archaic. Consider an alternative.</message>
<suggestion>quickly</suggestion>
<suggestion>fast</suggestion>
<suggestion>swiftly</suggestion>
<example correction="quickly|fast|swiftly">He ran <marker>fastly</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="REPEATED_PLEASE" name="'please' twice in a sentence">
<antipattern>
<token>please</token>
<token>please</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>please</token>
<token regexp="yes">oh?</token>
<token />
<token>please</token>
<example>Please oh god please</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="1">please</token>
<token regexp="yes">,|…|–</token>
<token>please</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="1">please</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>.</token>
<token min="0">.</token>
<token>please</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>please</token>
<token min="0">,</token>
<token regexp="yes">pretty|oh</token>
<token>please</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>please</token>
<token>,</token>
<token min="0" />
<token />
<token regexp="yes">[,;]</token>
<token>please</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1">please</token>
<token case_sensitive="yes" regexp="yes">Please|PLEASE</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1">please</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>please</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1">please</token>
<token>…</token>
<token>please</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>please</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token skip="-1" postag="VB" />
<token>please</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token postag="VB" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1">please</token>
<token skip="10">
(
<exception scope="next">)</exception>
</token>
<token skip="10">please</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>please</token>
<token min="0">,</token>
<token>help</token>
<token regexp="yes">us|me</token>
<token>,</token>
<token>please</token>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token skip="14">
please
<exception scope="next" regexp="yes">"e;</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token>,</token>
<token>please</token>
<token postag="SENT_END" regexp="yes">[.!?\)]</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This sentence already contains the word "please". Consider removing one of them.</message>
<suggestion>\4</suggestion>
<example correction="?">Please could have a look at this<marker>, please?</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token skip="14">
please
<exception scope="next" regexp="yes">"e;</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token>please</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB" />
</pattern>
<message>This sentence already contains the adverb "please". Consider removing one of them or using a synonym.</message>
<suggestion />
<suggestion>kindly</suggestion>
<example correction="|kindly">Please would you <marker>please</marker> provide a name</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token skip="14">
please
<exception scope="next" regexp="yes">"e;</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token>please</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This sentence already contains the adverb "please". Consider removing one of them.</message>
<suggestion />
<example correction="">Please could you have a look at this <marker>please</marker>?</example>
<example correction="">Please send over both files <marker>please</marker>.</example>
<example correction="">Please would you <marker>please</marker> provide a name</example>
<example>Please… please go to the hospital.</example>
<example>Please respond directly to Rod Hayslett (copy me, please).</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="TOO_TO_EITHER" name="I'm not very experienced too (either)">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/too-and-either-grammar/</url>
<rule tags="picky">
<antipattern>
<token>say</token>
<token>not</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>not</token>
<token regexp="yes">able|limited</token>
<token>too</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">shame|why</token>
<token postag="PRP|NNPS?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="MD|V.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token inflected="yes">not</token>
<token postag="VBP?" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes" inflected="yes">have|&verbs_followed_by_infin;</token>
<token>too</token>
<token postag="\.|\?|\!" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>not</token>
<token postag="VBG" />
<token>too</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes" skip="-1">"e;</token>
<token skip="-1">too</token>
<token regexp="yes">"e;</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">not</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="V.*|JJ" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token min="0" postag="PCT" />
<marker>
<token>too</token>
</marker>
<token postag="\.|\?|\!" postag_regexp="yes" />
</pattern>
<message>'Either' may be more appropriate here.</message>
<suggestion>either</suggestion>
<example correction="either">I'm not very experienced <marker>too</marker>.</example>
<example correction="either">He really isn't mad <marker>too</marker>.</example>
<example correction="either">She wasn't upset <marker>too</marker>.</example>
<example correction="either">The updates aren't truly ready <marker>too</marker>.</example>
<example correction="either">She isn't coming later <marker>too</marker>.</example>
<example>Louise Please say not soon too.</example>
<example>I've got the first round to include but not limited too...</example>
<example>I don't see any reason why I can't go, too.</example>
<example>I also got criticism for living with my mom and not paying rent even though i couldn't afford too.</example>
<example>I am not able too.</example>
<example>You don't have too.</example>
<example>He doesn't have too.</example>
<example>I hate not wanting too.</example>
<example>I'm not supposed too.</example>
<example>We didn't need too.</example>
<example>"You're not one, too."</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">do</token>
<token inflected="yes">not</token>
<token regexp="yes">have|&verbs_followed_by_infin;</token>
<marker>
<token>too</token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END" />
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>to</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="to">You don't have <marker>too</marker>.</example>
<example correction="to">He doesn't have <marker>too</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token inflected="yes">not</token>
<token>able</token>
<marker>
<token>too</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>to</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="to">I am not able <marker>too</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">not</token>
<token regexp="yes" inflected="yes" postag="VBG">have|&verbs_followed_by_infin;</token>
<marker>
<token>too</token>
</marker>
<token>
<exception postag="JJ" />
<exception>much</exception>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>to</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="to">I hate not having <marker>too</marker>.</example>
<example correction="to">I hate not wanting <marker>too</marker>.</example>
<example>He isn't trying too hard.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ANYWAYS" name="anyways (anyway)"><!-- #394 -->
<pattern>
<token>anyways</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word '\1' is informal American English. Did you mean <suggestion>anyway</suggestion>?</message><!-- Text languages British, South African, and New Zealand also give a spelling error. -->
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/style-anyways-anyway-any-way/#%E2%80%9Canyway%E2%80%9D-vs-%E2%80%9Canyways%E2%80%9D</url>
<short>Nonstandard phrase</short>
<example correction="Anyway"><marker>Anyways</marker>, I don't like it.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="PPL" name="abbreviation 'ppl'" tags="picky">
<pattern>
<token case_sensitive="yes" regexp="yes">[Pp]pl</token>
</pattern>
<message>The abbreviation for <suggestion>people</suggestion> can be considered informal.</message>
<suggestion>people</suggestion>
<suggestion>individuals</suggestion>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/style-acronym-vs-abbreviation/#what-is-an-abbreviation</url>
<example correction="people|individuals">Many <marker>ppl</marker> use LanguageTool.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SUBJECT_DROP" name="I saw it and I (0) should have said something to you">
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1" postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token skip="-1" postag="PCT" />
<token>and</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1" postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token skip="-1" chunk_re="B-SBAR|B-PP" />
<token>and</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1" postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token skip="-1">so</token>
<token>and</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NNPS?|PRP_S.*|UNKNOWN" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception>it</exception>
</token>
<token>and</token>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
<token chunk="B-VP" />
<token skip="-1" chunk_re="B-NP.*">
<exception scope="next">and</exception>
</token>
<token chunk="B-VP" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token skip="-1" postag="MD" />
<token>and</token>
<token><match no="0" /></token>
<token><match no="1" /></token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token skip="-1" chunk="B-VP" />
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token skip="-1" chunk="B-VP" />
<token>and</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="2" postag="W.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>there</token>
<token skip="-1">is</token>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token skip="-1" chunk="B-VP" />
<token>and</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>of</token>
<token skip="-1" chunk_re="B-NP.*" />
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token><exception>that</exception></token>
<token postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token skip="-1" chunk="B-VP">
<exception inflected="yes">say</exception>
</token>
<token>and</token>
<marker>
<token><match no="1" /></token>
<token postag="MD">
<exception regexp="yes">will|'..?</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token><exception>n't</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Reusing '\2' could be redundant. Try omitting the pronoun.</message>
<suggestion><match no="6" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/dropping-the-subject/</url>
<example correction="should">Well I saw it and <marker>I should</marker> have said something to you.</example>
<example>I have a lengthy series of depositions that are underway, but let me know if you want to get together on Calpine or want me to take action, and I'll make time in the schedule for it.</example>
<example>I have paid for this already so you can reimburse me on the 19th and I can promptly blow all of that money on gambling.</example>
<example>I know there were several items that you were checking with your people and I would note those.</example>
<example>I suppose Tom and I could try to find Mary ourselves.</example>
<example>I know our paths will cross again and I cannot wait.</example>
<example>With this telescope, you can see stars and you can see dreams.</example>
<example>Also if you wouldnt mind being a reference for me it would be greatly appreciated and you can email me your information.</example>
<example>Why don't you call Tom Briggs here first and you can conference in with Connie.</example>
<example>There is a special reason I need and I shall explain it to you in person.</example>
<example>John Chapman of the Daily News termed it "one of the finest musical plays I have ever seen and I shall remember it always".</example>
</rule>
<rule id="PREVENT_FROM" name="It's supposed to prevent it (from) spilling over" tags="picky">
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">prevent</token>
<token chunk_re="[BI]-NP.*" />
<token chunk_re="[IE]-NP.*" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="VBG" />
<token regexp="yes">"e;</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="VBG" />
<token postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|RP|TO" postag_regexp="yes" />
</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="3" postag="VBG" />
<token>from</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="VBG" />
<token>by</token>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>title</token>
<token>passing</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">prevent</token>
<token postag="N.*|PRP_.*" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception postag="IN|RP" postag_regexp="yes" />
</token>
<marker>
<token postag="VBG">
<exception regexp="yes">reportin[g']|smugglin[g']</exception>
</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Try inserting 'from' here.</message>
<suggestion>from \3</suggestion>
<example correction="from spilling">It's supposed to prevent it <marker>spilling</marker>.</example>
<example>Thus greenhouses work primarily by preventing convective cooling.</example>
<example>If in my comment I add a tag that you judge inappropriate, putting your mouse on it could make appear a small option saying “prevent tag referencing”.</example>
<example>I am all for anything that prevents cheating having recently had a player join my guild and subsequently banned for botting.</example>
<example>To prevent information identifying the Oscar winners from leaking ahead of the ceremony, Oscar statuettes presented at the ceremony have blank baseplates.</example>
<example>An alternate currency, denominated in labour time, would prevent profit taking by middlemen.</example>
<example>There is therefore a risk that an event could occur in the interim which prevents title passing back to MCC.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="USED_FOR_VBG" name="They were used to hunt (for hunting) partridges" default="off">
<antipattern>
<token postag="VB" />
<token min="0" postag="CC" />
<token min="0">to</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="VB" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="VB" />
<token>/</token>
<token postag="VB" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="VB" />
<token>.</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="VB" />
<token regexp="yes">for|to|with</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>as</token>
<token postag="PRP" />
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token>used</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="VB" />
<token postag="RB" />
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token chunk_re="E-NP.*">
<exception postag="NNP|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">I|you|he|she|we|who|Serkis</exception>
</token>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token regexp="yes">bred|used</token>
<marker>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VB">
<exception regexp="yes">&infinitive_verbs;</exception>
</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Try using 'for' + the -ing form of the verb.</message>
<suggestion>for <match no="5" postag="VBG" /></suggestion>
<example correction="for hunting">They are used <marker>to hunt</marker> partridges.</example>
<example>When fighting, they are used to attack and defend, and to protect the trunk.</example>
<example>It is used to prevent and to treat anemia.</example>
<example>Computational technologies are used to accelerate or fully automate the processing.</example>
<example>Learn is used to include/exclude the Minimote to/from ST.</example>
<example>An alphabet is a standard set of letters (basic written symbols or graphemes) that represent the phonemes (basic significant sounds) of any spoken language it is used to write.</example>
<example>I need to get this fixed as soon as possible, since it is used to assist with our trading activities.</example>
<example>It is used to probe for and detonate tripwire initiated mines and booby traps at up to 50 meters.</example>
<example>The output work W here is the movement of the piston as it is used to turn a crank-arm.</example>
<example>For the 2005 remake of King Kong, actor Andy Serkis was used to help designers pinpoint the gorilla's prime location in the shots.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup tags="picky" name="Warn when the serial comma is not used" id="SERIAL_COMMA_ON">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/oxford-comma/</url>
<short>Style: serial comma is missing</short>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">as|while</token>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes" chunk_re="B-NP.*">[a-z].*</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes" chunk_re="I-NP.*">[a-z].*</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*">[a-z].*</token>
<token postag="," />
<token chunk_re="B-NP.*" />
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes" chunk_re="[IE]-NP.*">[A-Z].*</token>
<token>and</token>
<example>Żubroń while separate species, the Aurochs and the Bison ("Buffalo") are more closely related than asses and horses.</example>
<example>As a result, the Senators and participants in the Council were able to develop a solid understanding of the challenges facing both government and business.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>notwithstanding</token>
<token chunk_re="B-NP.*" />
<token min="0" chunk_re="I-NP.*" />
<token min="0" chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
<token postag="," />
<token chunk_re="B-NP.*" />
<token min="0" chunk_re="I-NP.*" />
<token min="0" chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
<token>and</token>
<example>The language to which I refer is found in Article 4.3, "Collateral "Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company and the Customer agree to negotiate in good faith a netting agreement that will eliminate or reduce the need for a letter of credit to be supplied by Customer and that until such netting agreement is executed by the parties, a Letter of Credit under this provision shall not be required.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">given|provided</token>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes" chunk_re="B-NP.*">[a-z].*</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes" chunk_re="I-NP.*">[a-z].*</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*">[a-z].*</token>
<token postag="," />
<token chunk_re="B-NP.*" />
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes" chunk_re="[IE]-NP.*">[A-Z].*</token>
<token>and</token>
<example>Given recent bearish action, the Nasdaq and SP 500 could see more downside.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VBG"/></token>
<token>,</token>
<token postag="VBG"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>By</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>way</token>
<token>,</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="RB[RS]" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most|another|all</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NNP"/>
<token>and</token>
<token postag="NNP" skip="-1"/>
<token>(</token>
<token>editors</token>
<token>)</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>,</token>
<token skip="-1" regexp="yes">in|at|and</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most|another|all</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNP"/></token>
<token>,</token>
<token postag="NNP"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token postag="NNP"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="JJ"/></token>
<token>,</token>
<token postag="JJ"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token postag="JJ"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NN:UN"><exception postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/><exception scope="previous">,</exception></token>
<token>,</token>
<token postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NN:UN|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NNP"/>
<token regexp="yes">,</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most|another|all</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNPS?" postag_regexp="yes"></exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>other</token>
<token>hand</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most|another|all</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>,</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" max="-1"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" max="-1"/>
<token>,</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>,</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" max="-1"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" max="-1"/>
<token min="0">,</token>
<token>for</token>
<token regexp="yes">example|instance</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes">the|an?</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" max="-1"/>
<token>,</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes">the|an?</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" max="-1"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>,</token>
<token>rain</token>
<token>or</token>
<token>shine</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>,</token>
<token>ladies</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>gentlemen</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>,</token>
<token>now</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>forever</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NNS"><exception postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN:UN|NN"/></token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token postag="NN"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token postag="NN"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>for</token>
<token regexp="yes">example|instance</token>
<token min="0">,</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most|another|all</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="VBG"/>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes" negate="yes">[a-z]+ing</token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token regexp="yes" negate="yes">[a-z]+ing</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes">Next|Last</token>
<token/>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most|another|all</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes" skip="-1">While|Since|After|With|In|Here|Although|Despite|Contrary|Meanwhile|Who|Which|What|Whenever|Where|When|But|Thanks</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most|another|all</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="CC|DT|SENT_START|PCT" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token regexp="yes">on|since|before|after|untill?|till?</token>
<token regexp="yes">&weekdays;|&abbrevWeekdays;</token>
<token>,</token>
<token skip="4">
<exception regexp="yes">&weekdays;|&abbrevWeekdays;</exception><!-- still suggest comma if it's a serial list of days -->
<exception scope="next">,</exception>
</token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="CC|DT|SENT_START|PCT" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token regexp="yes">on|since|before|after|untill?|till?|in|at</token>
<token regexp="yes">&months;|&abbrevMonths;|\d+</token>
<token>,</token>
<token skip="4">
<exception regexp="yes">&months;|&abbrevMonths;</exception><!-- still suggest comma if it's a serial list of months -->
<exception scope="next">,</exception>
</token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- Look guys, the window and even the kitchen door have both been left open! -->
<token>look</token>
<token regexp="yes">guys|girls|boys|folks</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most|another|all</token>
<token chunk_re=".-(VP|ADVP|SBAR|PRT|PP)">
<exception>even</exception>
</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- in the case of an infant, the parents and sponsor(s) (godparent(s)) -->
<token skip="1">in</token>
<token>case</token>
<token>of</token>
<token postag="JJ.*|DT|PRP\$" postag_regexp="yes" min="0" />
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>,</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- Following a productive dialogue, Apple and the plaintiffs in the ... -->
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="IN" />
<token postag="DT|PRP\$" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token chunk_re="I-NP.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="E-NP.*" postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>,</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re=".-NP.*|B-ADJ.*"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- Following his defeat in the 1900 election, Tupper and his wife settled with their daughter Emma in Bexleyheath in southeast London. -->
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="IN" />
<token postag="DT|PRP\$" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token chunk_re="I-NP.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="E-NP.*" postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="IN" />
<token postag="DT|PRP\$" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token chunk_re="I-NP.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="E-NP.*" postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>,</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re=".-NP.*|B-ADJ.*"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>copy</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>paste</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>drag</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>drop</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>result</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>result</token>
<token>of</token>
<token chunk_re="B-NP.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="I-NP.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
<token>,</token>
<example>As a result of these recent events, all activities and responsibilities of the Associate / Analyst Program are being transitioned to Human Resources.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>for</token>
<token>that</token>
<token>reason</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|PCT|CC" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>thanks</token>
<token>to</token>
<token chunk_re="B-NP-.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0" max="2" />
<token chunk_re="E-NP-.*" />
<token skip="-1">,
<exception scope="next">for</exception>
</token>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|PCT|CC" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token regexp="yes">unlike|like|upon|per</token>
<token chunk_re="B-NP-.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0" max="2" />
<token chunk_re="E-NP-.*" />
<token skip="-1">,</token>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" />
<example>Unlike most theropods, Albertosaurus and other tyrannosaurids were heterodont, with teeth of different forms depending on their position in the mouth.</example>
<example>Upon formation, all assets and liabilities of the DealBench business will be assigned to, and assumed by the new LLC.</example>
<example>Per the Residential Customer Agreement, all programming and prices are subject to change with or without notice.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|PCT|CC" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token regexp="yes">unlike|like|upon|per</token>
<token chunk_re="B-NP-.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="E-NP-.*" />
<token chunk_re="B-PP" />
<token chunk_re="B-NP-.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="I-NP-.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="[IE]-NP-.*" />
<token skip="-1">,</token>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" />
<example>Unlike the first landing on Apollo 11, Conrad and Bean achieved a precise landing at their expected location, the site of the Surveyor 3 unmanned probe, which had landed on April 20, 1967.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>due</token>
<token>to</token>
<token chunk_re="B-NP.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="I-NP.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
<token>,</token>
<token skip="4">
<exception scope="next">,</exception>
</token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<example>Due to market conditions, Marketing and Operations have agreed to officially remove Station 4 from the Red Rock expansion.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>for</token>
<token regexp="yes">centuries|years|months|days|weeks|decades</token>
<token>,</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>for</token>
<token min="0">quite</token>
<token>some</token>
<token>time</token>
<token>,</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>for</token>
<token>a</token>
<token regexp="yes">long|short</token>
<token>time</token>
<token min="0">period</token>
<token>,</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">one|two|three|four|five|six|seven|eight|nine|ten|twenty|thirty|fourty|fifty</token>
<token>,</token>
<token><exception regexp="yes">one|two|three|four|five|six|seven|eight|nine|ten|twenty|thirty|fourty|fifty</exception></token>
<example>"Two, a daughter and son."</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="UNKNOWN|SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token regexp="yes" skip="1">in|since|until|before|after|at</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d+|christmas|thanksgiving</token>
<token>,</token>
<token skip="4">
<exception scope="next">,</exception>
</token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<example>In 1841, Lovelace and Medora Leigh (daughter of Lord Byron's half-sister Augusta Leigh) were told by Ada's mother that her father was also Medora's father.</example>
<example>At age eight, Spears and her mother Lynne traveled to Atlanta for an audition in the 1990s revival of The Mickey Mouse Club.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="PCT|SENT_START|CC" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token regexp="yes">among(st)?</token>
<token chunk="B-NP-plural" min="0" />
<token chunk="E-NP-plural" />
<token>,</token>
<token chunk_re="[EB]-NP-singular" />
<example>Among Christian beliefs, the death and resurrection of Jesus are two core events on which much of Christian doctrine and theology is based.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="PCT|SENT_START|CC" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>to</token>
<token>date</token>
<token>,</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="PCT|SENT_START|CC" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>as</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>matter</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>,</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="PCT|SENT_START|CC" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>in</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>,</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>fear</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>loathing</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>beauty</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>beast</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">[a-z].*</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes">[Aa]nd|[Oo]r</token>
<token regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="CC|PCT|UNKNOWN|SENT_START" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token regexp="yes">this|last|next</token>
<token regexp="yes">year|month|week</token>
<token>,</token>
<example>This year, all pledges and contributions must be done by using the computer system.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>and</token>
<token chunk_re="B-NP.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="I-NP.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
<token>,</token>
<token>and</token>
<token chunk_re=".-NP.*">
<exception postag="PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
</token>
<example>All terrain tiles, some landscape features, all monsters and objects, and some spell/effect graphics take the form of Windows 3.1 icons.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>all</token>
<token chunk_re="I-NP.*" min="0" />
<token postag="NNS" />
<token>and</token>
<token>kinds</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">by|until|till|since|after|before</token>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">end|start|beginning</token>
<token>of</token>
<token regexp="yes">the|this|next|last</token>
<token regexp="yes">year|month|week|decade|century|day</token>
<token>,</token>
<example>By the end of the year, all French and Zairian troops were withdrawn.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>bexley</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>bromley</token>
<example>The bulk of the club's support base comes from the London Boroughs of Lewisham, Greenwich, Bexley and Bromley and also north-west Kent.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re=".-NP.*|B-ADJ.*"><exception regexp="yes">yes|no|today|yesterday|tomorrow</exception><exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">/|:|other|both|and|or|two|must|can|way|be</exception></token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most|all</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re=".-NP.*|B-ADJ.*"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</marker>
<token min="0" regexp="yes">even|also</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most|another|all</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
</pattern>
<message>The serial comma (Oxford comma, Harvard comma) is missing.</message>
<suggestion>\4, \5</suggestion>
<example correction="German, and">She speaks Spanish, <marker>German and</marker> French.</example>
<example correction="president, and">She took a photograph of her parents, the <marker>president and</marker> the vice president.</example>
<example correction="water, or">Would you like tea, coffee, <marker>water or</marker> wine?</example>
<example correction="car, or"><!--How will you go to the city? -->Will you use my car, your <marker>car or</marker> the train?</example>
<example correction="performances, and">Art is used in rituals, <marker>performances and</marker> dances as a decoration or symbol.</example>
<example correction="dancing, and">He likes singing, <marker>dancing and</marker> playing.</example>
<example correction="Europe, and">Internet traffic systems currently run faster in Australia, <marker>Europe and</marker> even South America.</example>
<example correction="Thursday, and">On Wednesday, <marker>Thursday and</marker> Friday Lindy Donoho will be available.</example>
<example correction="French, or">Basic syntactic construction is subject–object–verb (unlike Spanish, <marker>French or</marker> English where a subject–verb–object construction is more common).</example>
<!-- TODO: (chunking) -->
<!-- <example correction="YouTube, and">Facebook, Twitter, <marker>YouTube and</marker> Blogger are threatening our life.</example> -->
<!-- <example correction="Amazon, and">It has one of only four genuine Internet "brands," the others being Yahoo, <marker>Amazon and</marker> AOL.</example> -->
<!-- <example>There was a ferry link to Catania, Sicily and Genoa in Italy.</example> -->
<example correction="France, and">The first identified case was in Japan in 1996, and strains have since been found in hospitals in England, <marker>France and</marker> the US.</example>
<example correction="Switzerland, and">Countries like Japan, <marker>Switzerland and</marker> Israel that did not have traditional stock horse industries have begun to compete with American Quarter Horses in their own nations and internationally.</example>
<example correction="Two, and">It is also responsible for the renaming of these divisions — until the advent of Coca-Cola sponsorship, they were referred to as Divisions One, <marker>Two and</marker> Three.</example>
<example correction="diesel, and">Cement clinker, coal, wheat, <marker>diesel and</marker> LPG.</example>
<example correction="house, and">Decorate your table, your <marker>house and</marker> even yourself with ideas from Kid's Domain.</example>
<example correction="seven, and">One, three, five, <marker>seven and</marker> nine are odd numbers.</example>
<example correction="apples, and">Would you like mango, <marker>apples and</marker> papaya?</example>
<example correction="Intel, and">Similar drops have occurred in other big technology companies like Sun Microsystems, <marker>Intel and</marker> Oracle.</example>
<example correction="Portugal, and">In 1701, England, <marker>Portugal and</marker> the Netherlands sided with the Holy Roman Empire against Spain and France in the War of the Spanish Succession, which lasted until 1714.</example>
<example correction="Lorraine, and">Thanks to Vig, Susan, <marker>Lorraine and</marker> Richard for hustling on this analysis.</example>
<example>She speaks Spanish, <marker>German, and</marker> French.</example>
<example>Irina, a <marker>singer and</marker> actress, was born in Poland.</example>
<example>Zone 5 starts in Madison, Georgia and ends in Fairgax, Virginia.</example>
<example>Also, Dan and Bob want to pow wow on the questions and the policy early next week.</example>
<example>Yeah, mom and dad got back over the weekend.</example>
<example>Following a productive dialogue, Apple and the plaintiffs in the Cameron et al. v. Apple Inc. developer suit reached an agreement that identifies seven key priorities</example>
<example>Now, EPA and others are wanting 2 ppm, again based on vague data.</example>
<example>Later he was with GC&CS; in the Heliopolis Museum, Cairo and then in the Villa Laurens, Alexandria.</example>
<example>They became polarised into two camps, with <marker>Marx and</marker> Bakunin as their respective figureheads.</example>
<example>The International Time Bureau began a time scale, <marker>Tm or</marker> AM, in July 1955, using both local caesium clocks and ...</example>
<example>Generally who visits their parents the most, <marker>sons or</marker> daughters?</example>
<example>While he was growing up, his <marker>father and</marker> Nick Bollettieri trained him in this way.</example>
<example>Since being introduced by Portuguese in the 16th century, <marker>maize and</marker> manioc have replaced traditional African...</example>
<example>Which do you like better, <marker>summer or</marker> winter?</example>
<example>With the rise of space tourism, <marker>NASA and</marker> the Russian Federal Space Agency agreed to use...</example>
<example>On the other hand, <marker>consonants and</marker> vowels are written as independent letters.</example>
<example>In spite of their various differences, <marker>Joan and</marker> Ann are friends.</example>
<example>In addition to buses, <marker>Calgary and Edmonton</marker> operate light rail transit systems.</example>
<example>It was Branchus, <marker>son or</marker> lover of Apollo.</example>
<example>His father was Hermann Einstein, a <marker>salesman and</marker> engineer.</example>
<example>Recorded by Ptolemy, the <marker>geographer and</marker> astronomer from Alexandria</example>
<example>... and according to Alberta Economic Development, <marker>Calgary and</marker> Edmonton both host over four million visitors.</example>
<example>According to Alberta Economic Development, <marker>Calgary and</marker> Edmonton both host over four million visitors.</example>
<example>I like both chips and <marker>eggs and</marker> pie and peas.</example><!-- TODO. False negative -->
<example>Legislative power is vested in the President, the government and parliament.</example><!-- TODO. False negative -->
<example>This music focuses on themes in love, <marker>religious and</marker> epic.</example>
<example>But in some jurisdictions, the <marker>state or</marker> prosecution may appeal "as of right" from a trial.</example>
<example>Likewise, in some jurisdictions, the <marker>state or</marker> prosecution may appeal an issue of law "by leave".</example>
<example>Meanwhile, <marker>plains and</marker> foothills are characterized by high solar radiation.</example>
<example>Chapter 2: Albedo, a <marker>whitening or</marker> leucosis</example>
<example>Barnett, <marker>William and</marker> John Hoopes (editors).</example>
<example>Due to market conditions, Marketing and Operations have agreed to officially remove Station 4 from the Red Rock expansion.</example>
<example>Today, <marker>separation and</marker> divorce are not as frowned upon.</example>
<example>... breeding site, the males usually arriving first, <marker>calling and</marker> setting up territories.</example>
<example type="triggers_error">Carl Jung, <marker>Man and</marker> His Symbols.</example>
<example>... his first visit to Paris as a gift to his hosts, <marker>Robert and</marker> Mabel Schirmer.</example>
<example>Whenever an army is raised for common defense, <marker>colonels and</marker> military ranks below colonel will be named by the...</example>
<example>Which is the capital of the United States, <marker>Washington or</marker> New York?</example>
<example>Which would you like to have with your bread, <marker>butter or</marker> cheese?</example>
<example>... yields are around 2 t/ha, African under 1 t/ha, <marker>Egypt and</marker> Arabia up to 3.5 to 4 t/ha with irrigation.</example>
<example>While air, <marker>water and</marker> food are necessary for life, we cannot so easily categorize the prerequisites of happiness.</example>
<example>Since rice, <marker>maize and</marker> manioc have replaced traditional African foods, the ...</example>
<example>With cats, <marker>dogs and</marker> rabbits as the most popular pets for children, we find that ...</example>
<example>In Art, <marker>Music and</marker> Literature, these themes are common.</example>
<example>In addition to buses, <marker>trams and</marker> taxis, popular modes of transport are ...</example>
<example>Thanks to television, <marker>boys and</marker> girls are apt to neglect reading books.</example>
<example>When I was little, <marker>grandpa and</marker> grandma would come to baby-sit.</example>
<example>I like animals, for example, <marker>cats and</marker> dogs.</example>
<example>The mermaids, <marker>wood and</marker> house goblins, werewolves, nix, and different kinds of ...</example>
<example>There are two doctors in his circle of friends, a <marker>surgeon and</marker> an ophthalmologist.</example>
<example>The town in ruins, burning, <marker>people and</marker> children being killed.</example>
<example correction="taste, and">Humans have five senses: sight, hearing, touch, <marker>taste and</marker> smell.</example>
<example>Massage well into damp hair, <marker>lather and</marker> rinse.</example>
<example>Yesterday, <marker>Peter and</marker> I went to the zoo.</example>
<example>I saw a wolf, a <marker>fox, and</marker> a rabbit.</example>
<example>On Wednesday, Dabhol and the board are due for the second time to meet a committee set up by the state government to negotiate a solution.</example>
<example>As a result of these recent events, all activities and responsibilities of the Associate / Analyst Program are being transitioned to Human Resources.</example>
<example>Look guys, the window and even the kitchen door have both been left open!</example>
<example>To each question, the catechumen, or, in the case of an infant, the parents and sponsor(s) (godparent(s)) in his or her place, answers "I do."</example>
<example type="triggers_error">The Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force has around 260 members dispersed between the line infantry regiment, service and support unit and coast guard.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>In</token>
<token regexp="yes">theory|principle|practice|essence|general|addition|particular|contrast</token>
<token>,</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">in|after|before|since</token>
<token regexp="yes">&months;|&abbrevMonths;|winter|summer|spring|autum|fall</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">[a-z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">[a-z].*</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes">[Aa]nd|[Oo]r</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes">While|When|After|Since|Although|With|In|Here|Despite|Meanwhile|Whenever|Where|But</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">\d+|then|now|today|yesterday|tonight</exception>
<exception postag="VBG" />
</token>
<token>,</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"></token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</marker>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"></token>
</pattern>
<message>The serial comma (Oxford comma, Harvard comma) is missing.</message>
<suggestion>\5, \6</suggestion>
<example correction="water, and">While air, <marker>water and</marker> food are necessary for life, we cannot so easily categorize the prerequisites of happiness.</example>
<example correction="maize, and">Since rice, <marker>maize and</marker> manioc have replaced traditional African foods, the ...</example>
<example correction="dogs, and">With cats, <marker>dogs and</marker> rabbits as the most popular pets for children, we find that ...</example>
<example correction="Music, and">In Art, <marker>Music and</marker> Literature, these themes are common.</example>
<example>She speaks Spanish, <marker>German and</marker> French.</example>
<example>In addition, Continental and Delta are counting double miles earned through November 15 toward elite status.</example>
<example>But today, commerce and security is COMPLETELY DEPENDENT on those systems.</example>
<example>In particular, Bosnia and Herzegovina were among the stronger players with a growth of 20%.</example>
<example>In Europe, lesbian and gay evangelical Christians have a European forum.</example>
<example>In one, Carley and Erin look like sisters.</example>
<example>She took a photograph of her parents, the <marker>president and</marker> the vice president.</example>
<example>Would you like tea, coffee, <marker>water or</marker> wine?</example>
<example>How will you go to the city? Will you use my car, your <marker>car or</marker> the train?</example>
<example>She speaks Spanish, <marker>German, and</marker> French.</example>
<example>Irina, a <marker>singer and</marker> actress, was born in Poland.</example>
<example>They became polarised into two camps, with <marker>Marx and</marker> Bakunin as their respective figureheads.</example>
<example>The International Time Bureau began a time scale, <marker>Tm or</marker> AM, in July 1955, using both local caesium clocks and ...</example>
<example>Generally who visits their parents the most, <marker>sons or</marker> daughters?</example>
<example>While he was growing up, his <marker>father and</marker> Nick Bollettieri trained him in this way.</example>
<example>Since being introduced by Portuguese in the 16th century, <marker>maize and</marker> manioc have replaced traditional African...</example>
<example>Which do you like better, <marker>summer or</marker> winter?</example>
<example>Since then, investors and analysts have been calling with increasing vehemence for the company to divulge full details of its business dealings with other related entities.</example>
<example>With the rise of space tourism, <marker>NASA and</marker> the Russian Federal Space Agency agreed to use...</example>
<example>On the other hand, <marker>consonants and</marker> vowels are written as independent letters.</example>
<example>In spite of their various differences, <marker>Joan and</marker> Ann are friends.</example>
<example>In addition to buses, <marker>Calgary and Edmonton</marker> operate light rail transit systems.</example>
<example>It was Branchus, <marker>son or</marker> lover of Apollo.</example>
<example>His father was Hermann Einstein, a <marker>salesman and</marker> engineer.</example>
<example>Recorded by Ptolemy, the <marker>geographer and</marker> astronomer from Alexandria</example>
<example>... and according to Alberta Economic Development, <marker>Calgary and</marker> Edmonton both host over four million visitors.</example>
<example>According to Alberta Economic Development, <marker>Calgary and</marker> Edmonton both host over four million visitors.</example>
<example>I like both chips and <marker>eggs and</marker> pie and peas.</example><!-- TODO. False negative -->
<example>Art, <marker>literature and</marker> film.</example><!-- TODO. False negative -->
<example>Art is used in rituals, <marker>performances and</marker> dances as a decoration or symbol.</example>
<example>Legislative power is vested in the President, the government and parliament.</example><!-- TODO. False negative -->
<example>This music focuses on themes in love, <marker>religious and</marker> epic.</example>
<example>But in some jurisdictions, the <marker>state or</marker> prosecution may appeal "as of right" from a trial.</example>
<example>Likewise, in some jurisdictions, the <marker>state or</marker> prosecution may appeal an issue of law "by leave".</example>
<example>Meanwhile, <marker>plains and</marker> foothills are characterized by high solar radiation.</example>
<example>Chapter 2: Albedo, a <marker>whitening or</marker> leucosis</example>
<example>Barnett, <marker>William and</marker> John Hoopes (editors).</example>
<example>In 2008, Peter and Jill visited Europe.</example>
<example>... breeding site, the males usually arriving first, <marker>calling and</marker> setting up territories.</example>
<example>Carl Jung, <marker>Man and</marker> His Symbols.</example>
<example>... his first visit to Paris as a gift to his hosts, <marker>Robert and</marker> Mabel Schirmer.</example>
<example>Whenever an army is raised for common defense, <marker>colonels and</marker> military ranks below colonel will be named by the...</example>
<example>Which is the capital of the United States, <marker>Washington or</marker> New York?</example>
<example>Which would you like to have with your bread, <marker>butter or</marker> cheese?</example>
<example>... yields are around 2 t/ha, African under 1 t/ha, <marker>Egypt and</marker> Arabia up to 3.5 to 4 t/ha with irrigation.</example>
<example>In the temple courts he found men selling cattle, sheep and doves, and others sitting at tables.</example>
<example>Which would you like to have with your bread, butter or cheese?</example>
<example>In the drought, many people and animals starved to death.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="JJ"/></token>
<token>,</token>
<token postag="JJ"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token postag="JJ"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>(</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"></token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception scope="previous">and</exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"></token>
<token><exception>,</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>The serial comma (Oxford comma, Harvard comma) is missing.</message>
<suggestion>\6, \7</suggestion>
<example correction="Culture, and">Stocking, George, Jr. (Race, <marker>Culture and</marker> Evolution).</example>
<example>Аля (Alia, <marker>male and</marker> feminine)</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNP"/></token>
<token>,</token>
<token postag="NNP"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token postag="NNP"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>the</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNP"/></token>
<token>,</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNP"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="NNP"/></token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>addition</token>
<token>to</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"></token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most</token>
<marker>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception scope="previous">and</exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">my|your|his|her|our|the(ir)?|an?|th[eo]se|some|many|most</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"></token>
</pattern>
<message>The serial comma (Oxford comma, Harvard comma) is missing.</message>
<suggestion>\8, \9</suggestion>
<short>Style: serial comma is missing</short>
<example correction="trams, and">In addition to buses, <marker>trams and</marker> taxis, popular modes of transport are ...</example>
<example>In addition to buses, <marker>Calgary and</marker> Edmonton operate light rail transit systems.</example>
<example>In addition to the weather, <marker>pilots and</marker> organizers must also consider local airspace restrictions.</example>
<example>She speaks Spanish, <marker>German and</marker> French.</example>
<example>She took a photograph of her parents, the <marker>president and</marker> the vice president.</example>
<example>Would you like tea, coffee, <marker>water or</marker> wine?</example>
<example>How will you go to the city? Will you use my car, your <marker>car or</marker> the train?</example>
<example>She speaks Spanish, <marker>German, and</marker> French.</example>
<example>Irina, a <marker>singer and</marker> actress, was born in Poland.</example>
<example>They became polarised into two camps, with <marker>Marx and</marker> Bakunin as their respective figureheads.</example>
<example>The International Time Bureau began a time scale, <marker>Tm or</marker> AM, in July 1955, using both local caesium clocks and ...</example>
<example>Generally who visits their parents the most, <marker>sons or</marker> daughters?</example>
<example>While he was growing up, his <marker>father and</marker> Nick Bollettieri trained him in this way.</example>
<example>Since being introduced by Portuguese in the 16th century, <marker>maize and</marker> manioc have replaced traditional African...</example>
<example>Which do you like better, <marker>summer or</marker> winter?</example>
<example>With the rise of space tourism, <marker>NASA and</marker> the Russian Federal Space Agency agreed to use...</example>
<example>On the other hand, <marker>consonants and</marker> vowels are written as independent letters.</example>
<example>In spite of their various differences, <marker>Joan and</marker> Ann are friends.</example>
<example>In addition to buses, <marker>Calgary and Edmonton</marker> operate light rail transit systems.</example>
<example>It was Branchus, <marker>son or</marker> lover of Apollo.</example>
<example>His father was Hermann Einstein, a <marker>salesman and</marker> engineer.</example>
<example>Recorded by Ptolemy, the <marker>geographer and</marker> astronomer from Alexandria</example>
<example>... and according to Alberta Economic Development, <marker>Calgary and</marker> Edmonton both host over four million visitors.</example>
<example>According to Alberta Economic Development, <marker>Calgary and</marker> Edmonton both host over four million visitors.</example>
<example>I like both chips and <marker>eggs and</marker> pie and peas.</example><!-- TODO. False negative -->
<example>Art, <marker>literature and</marker> film.</example><!-- TODO. False negative -->
<example>Art is used in rituals, <marker>performances and</marker> dances as a decoration or symbol.</example>
<example>Legislative power is vested in the President, the government and parliament.</example><!-- TODO. False negative -->
<example>This music focuses on themes in love, <marker>religious and</marker> epic.</example>
<example>But in some jurisdictions, the <marker>state or</marker> prosecution may appeal "as of right" from a trial.</example>
<example>Likewise, in some jurisdictions, the <marker>state or</marker> prosecution may appeal an issue of law "by leave".</example>
<example>Meanwhile, <marker>plains and</marker> foothills are characterized by high solar radiation.</example>
<example>Chapter 2: Albedo, a <marker>whitening or</marker> leucosis</example>
<example>Barnett, <marker>William and</marker> John Hoopes (editors).</example>
<example>... breeding site, the males usually arriving first, <marker>calling and</marker> setting up territories.</example>
<example>Carl Jung, <marker>Man and</marker> His Symbols.</example>
<example>... his first visit to Paris as a gift to his hosts, <marker>Robert and</marker> Mabel Schirmer.</example>
<example>Whenever an army is raised for common defense, <marker>colonels and</marker> military ranks below colonel will be named by the...</example>
<example>Which is the capital of the United States, <marker>Washington or</marker> New York?</example>
<example>Which would you like to have with your bread, <marker>butter or</marker> cheese?</example>
<example>... yields are around 2 t/ha, African under 1 t/ha, <marker>Egypt and</marker> Arabia up to 3.5 to 4 t/ha with irrigation.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- 3 adjectives -->
<pattern>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="RB" min="0" chunk_re=".-AD.*" />
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re=".-ADJP" />
<token>,</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" chunk_re=".-AD.*" />
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re=".-ADJP" />
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</marker>
<token postag="RB" min="0" chunk_re=".-AD.*" />
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re=".-ADJP" />
<token postag="PCT|IN|TO|CC" postag_regexp="yes" />
</pattern>
<message>The serial comma (Oxford comma, Harvard comma) is missing.</message>
<suggestion>, \7</suggestion>
<example correction=", and">The car is special, fast<marker> and</marker> nice to look at.</example>
<example correction=", or">For instance, icebergs containing impurities can appear brown, grey<marker> or</marker> green.</example>
<example correction=", and">It, along with the anti psychotic, makes me feel dumb, dull<marker> and</marker> stupid.</example>
<example correction=", and">It is wireless, portable<marker> and</marker> rechargeable, up to 3 hours.</example>
<example correction=", and">Her face was small, white<marker> and</marker> thin, also much freckled.</example>
<example correction=", and">This order is arbitrary, capricious<marker> and</marker> unlawful.</example>
<example correction=", or">Just got this Legendary, however, I have no clue if he is good, great<marker> or</marker> average?</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- 3 adjectives, same as above, only that B-VP does not match contractions -->
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes"><!-- They quarreled as to which was easier, French or German. -->
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">[a-z].+</token>
<token>,</token>
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z].+</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|seem|appear|look</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" max="2" chunk_re=".-AD.*" />
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>,</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" chunk_re=".-AD.*" />
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</marker>
<token postag="RB" min="0" chunk_re=".-AD.*" />
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception>most</exception>
</token>
<token postag="PCT|IN|TO|CC" postag_regexp="yes" />
</pattern>
<message>The serial comma (Oxford comma, Harvard comma) is missing.</message>
<suggestion>, \7</suggestion>
<example correction=", and">It's wireless, portable<marker> and</marker> rechargeable, up to 3 hours.</example>
<example correction=", and">For other people, however, trusts are unnecessary, complicated<marker> and</marker> expensive.</example>
<example correction=", or">If the products are expensive, large<marker> or</marker> fragile, it refers to safety issues.</example>
<example>They quarreled as to which was easier, French or German.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- 4 adjectives -->
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes"><!-- They quarreled as to which was easier, French or German. -->
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">[a-z].+</token>
<token>,</token>
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z].+</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|seem|appear|look</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" chunk_re=".-AD.*" />
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>,</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" chunk_re=".-AD.*" />
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>,</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" chunk_re=".-AD.*" />
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</marker>
<token postag="RB" min="0" chunk_re=".-AD.*" />
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception>most</exception>
</token>
<token postag="PCT|IN|TO|CC" postag_regexp="yes" />
</pattern>
<message>The serial comma (Oxford comma, Harvard comma) is missing.</message>
<suggestion>, \10</suggestion>
<example correction=", and">It's too expensive, inefficient, slow<marker> and</marker> difficult to roll out and transport.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- in *proper nouns* -->
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>In</token>
<token regexp="yes">theory|principle|practice|essence|general|addition|particular|contrast</token>
<token>,</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">in|after|before|since</token>
<token regexp="yes">&months;|&abbrevMonths;|winter|summer|spring|autum|fall</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">[a-z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">[a-z].*</token>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">bosnia|tegan|trinidad|antigua|beavis|chairman</token>
<token>and</token>
<token regexp="yes">herzegovina|sara|tobago|barbuda|butt-head|c[efot]o</token>
<example>Vrbas, Donji Vakuf, village in Donji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina</example>
<example>Today, Vancouver is home to a number of popular independent bands such as The New Pornographers, Japandroids, Destroyer, In Medias Res, Tegan and Sara, and independent labels including Nettwerk and Mint.</example>
<example>Huila River, stream in Sangre Grande, Trinidad and Tobago</example>
<example>The most significant Atlantic nesting sites are in Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana in South America, Antigua and Barbuda, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean, and Gabon in Central Africa</example>
<example>Many video games, including Beavis and Butt-Head, Beavis and Butt-head in Virtual Stupidity, Beavis and Butt-Head: Bunghole in One, Calling All Dorks, Little Thingies, Wiener Takes All, and Beavis and Butt-Head Do U.</example>
<example>Described by attendees as "inspiring" and "timely," the conference kicked off with Ray Anderson, Chairman and CEO of Interface, sharing his vision for conducting business in the new millennium, where profits and environmental protection are not only compatible but mutually dependent.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token max="2" regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">[A-Z].+</token>
<token postag="," />
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">[A-Z].+|[0-9]+</token>
<example>In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol.</example>
<example>Sydney Brenner, born in South Africa, Physiology or Medicine, 2002</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">while|when|after|since|although|with|in|here|despite|meanwhile|whenever|where|but</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes" chunk_re="B-NP.*">[A-Z].+</token>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*">[A-Z].+</token>
<token>,</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes" chunk_re="B-NP.*">[A-Z].+</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">and|or</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes" chunk_re="I-NP.*">[A-Z].+</token>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*">[A-Z].+</token>
</pattern>
<message>The serial comma (Oxford comma, Harvard comma) is missing.</message>
<suggestion>\5,</suggestion>
<example correction="Notes,">Texts can be checked right in Apple Mail, <marker>Notes</marker> and Messages.</example>
<example correction="Japan,">Produced in United States, <marker>Japan</marker> and Canada, the P-3 has been operated by the air forces and navies of United States, Japan, Canada, Australia, Brazil, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, and Taiwan.</example>
<example correction="Russia,">Notably, in Europe, <marker>Russia</marker> and China, all major classification yards are hump yards.</example>
</rule>
<!-- TODO: I am an attractive, charming, and beautiful girl. -->
</rulegroup>
<rule id="WILL_ALLOW" name="This will allow (allows) them to bloom..." tags="picky">
<antipattern>
<token chunk="E-NP-plural" />
<token>that</token>
<token>will</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes" skip="-1">future|upcoming</token>
<token>allow</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1">allow</token>
<token regexp="yes">future|will</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="1">and</token>
<token min="0">–</token>
<token>will</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="CD" />
<token>will</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token chunk="E-NP-plural" />
<token min="0" chunk="B-PP" />
<token min="0" skip="-1" chunk="B-NP-singular" />
<token min="0" chunk="B-PP" />
<token skip="-1" chunk="B-NP-singular" />
<token chunk="B-VP" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">"e;</token>
<token postag="NNS" />
<token regexp="yes">"e;</token>
<token skip="-1" chunk="B-NP-singular" />
<token chunk="B-VP" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NNP|NNPS" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token skip="-1" chunk="B-VP" />
<token chunk="B-SBAR" />
<token>it</token>
<token>will</token>
<token>allow</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token chunk="E-NP-singular">
<exception postag="NNP" />
<exception regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">A380|Browser|Choice|CIG|Commission|CustomEntity|DTH|Dynegydirect|Exchange|GlobalCashExchange|HPL|Intermediate|ISO|Legislature|Lott|Messenger|Module|MySportsCenter|NRQL|PNG|Professional|Shop|SMETS2|STSC|TNPC|TNRCC|TPs|UBS|USSSA|VAR</exception>
<exception regexp="yes">I|you|he|she|we|they|these|those|administration|court|government|psychiatrist|some|\)</exception>
</token>
<token>will</token>
<token>allow</token>
</pattern>
<message>Future tense may not be necessary in this context.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" /> allows</suggestion>
<example correction="This allows"><marker>This will allow</marker> them to bloom in the spring.</example>
<example>Are there any third party apps that will allow this?</example>
<example>An upcoming improvement to the integration will allow us to support groups.</example>
<example>That will allow my hours to become somewhat more normal in the near future.</example>
<example>Scientific, Abbott Labs, and Biotronik – will allow patients to order tests without a cosign from their doctor.</example>
<example>I would like to know what event in 2002 will allow us to create that income.</example>
<example>Some will allow you to log your time.</example>
<example>The Clinton administration will allow legal appeals to proceed expeditiously.</example>
<example>After the last overbid, the court will allow Hilcorp the opportunity to overbid by an additional $50,000.</example>
<example>Analysts said the only bright spot may be that the government will allow companies to start adjusting tariffs.</example>
<example>Your efforts that day will allow all ENA employees to return to the office.</example>
<example>Longer term, we believe numerous positive factors as highlighted in this note will allow shares to outperform.</example>
<example>Davis is trying to manufacture a succession of conflicts with the White House that will allow him to run in 2002.</example>
<example>On terminals and other electronic output devices, there are often software (or hardware) configuration choices which will allow a destruct backspace.</example>
<example>However, he did indicate that they will be working on some additional "milestones" which will allow us to increase flows once they are met.</example>
<example>In fact, analysts say Beijing has reassured that it will allow market forces to set the yuan only gradually.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup default="off" name="Warn when the serial comma is used (incomplete)" id="SERIAL_COMMA_OFF">
<rule>
<!-- This rule detects the simplest case:
Noun, Noun, and Noun -->
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"/>
<token>,</token>
<marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"/>
<token>,</token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
</marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*"/>
</pattern>
<message>Remove the serial comma.</message>
<suggestion>\3 \5</suggestion>
<example>The pen, <marker>pencil and</marker> book are on the desk.</example>
<example correction="pencil and">The pen, <marker>pencil, and</marker> book are on the desk.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="WHOLE_OTHER" name="a whole other (entirely different) issue" tags="picky">
<pattern>
<token>a</token>
<token>whole</token>
<token>other</token>
<token regexp="yes">conversation|discussion|history|issue|matter|setup|situation|story|subject|topic</token>
</pattern>
<message>The expression 'a whole other' can seem colloquial. Consider replacing it with a more formal alternative.</message>
<suggestion>an entirely different <match no="4" /></suggestion>
<example correction="an entirely different issue">That brings up <marker>a whole other issue</marker>, but I'll stop here.</example>
<example>Wifi is a whole other animal requiring work to write to many different device APIs...</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WEEK_END_HYPHEN" name="week-end (weekend)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">week-ends?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This word might seem dated. Consider spelling it without a hyphen.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)-e" regexp_replace="e" /></suggestion>
<url>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/week-end</url>
<example correction="weekend">Let's meet on the <marker>week-end</marker> to play some tennis.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THERE_RE_CONTRACTION_UNCOMMON" name="there're → there are">
<!-- see also THERE_S_MANY, THERE_RE_MANY -->
<!-- 'there're' appears ~1,000 times less frequently than 'there are' in writing:
https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=there+are%2Fthere%27re%2Chere+are%2Fhere%27re%2Cwhere+are%2Fwhere%27re&year_start=1900&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3
and the ratio 1,640:1 is even larger in iWeb (which is more informal than Google Books). -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">[tw]?here</token>
<token>'re</token>
</pattern>
<!-- <url>https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/12865/is-therere-similar-to-theres-a-correct-contraction</url> -->
<message>The contraction '\1\2' is uncommon in written English.</message>
<suggestion>\1 are</suggestion>
<example correction="There are"><marker>There're</marker> problems in Iraq.</example>
<example correction="Here are"><marker>Here’re</marker> some references:</example>
<example correction="Where are"><marker>Where're</marker> you going?</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="SENT_START_ARE_NOT_ARENT_FORMAL" name="Are not (formal) → Aren't">
<!-- See also ORDER_OF_WORDS_WITH_NOT -->
<antipattern>
<token>not</token>
<token min="0" max="2" postag="RB" />
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB.*" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- prefer UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START rule first -->
<token postag="SENT_START" />
<token case_sensitive="yes" regexp="yes">[a-z].*</token>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<pattern>
<!-- TODO: extend to PCT|CC as well -->
<token postag="SENT_START" />
<marker>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">have|be|will|do|can|could|should|would|might|must
<exception regexp="yes">am|can</exception><!-- next sub-rules handle special contractions: aren't, can't -->
<exception postag="VBG" />
</token>
<token skip="-1" case_sensitive="yes">not</token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END">?</token>
</pattern>
<message>Questions beginning with '\2 \3' can sound very formal.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="(?i)(w)ill" regexp_replace="$1o" />n't</suggestion>
<example correction="Aren't"><marker>Are not</marker> you the cause of this for me?</example>
<example correction="Aren't"><marker>Are not</marker> you ashamed of yourself?</example>
<example correction="Isn't"><marker>Is not</marker> this the word that we spoke to thee in Egypt, saying: Depart from us, that we may serve the Egyptians? for it was much better to serve them, than to die in the wilderness.</example>
<example correction="Isn't"><marker>Is not</marker> philosophy, after all, pretending to ignore what is known, and to know what is not known?</example>
<example correction="Isn't"><marker>Is not</marker> a helping life ten times magnified?</example>
<example correction="Isn't"><marker>Is not</marker> that the reason why you spent so much time in Rome last year?</example>
<example correction="Wouldn't"><marker>Would not</marker> you reckon the alchymist for a god, that could add ten years to the sum of your life, and call back advanced age to the vigour of youth?</example>
<example correction="Wouldn't"><marker>Would not</marker> something similar be possible on Steam?</example>
<example correction="Don't"><marker>Do not</marker> you get annoyed?</example>
<example correction="Shouldn't"><marker>Should not</marker> it be a string of numbers?</example>
<example correction="Won't"><marker>Will not</marker> the price to be paid for the things to be lost, be too high?</example>
<example>Do not come back, OK?</example>
<example>Do not simply come back, OK?</example>
<example>Having not read it, you are saying it was a provocateur, right?</example>
<example>Is not helping someone a crime?</example>
<example>Is not a coincidence that all the stores closed earlier today.</example>
<example>Has not received regulatory approval</example>
<example>Have not heard from him.</example>
<example>Are Not Yet Available for Greenville, KY.</example>
<!-- next sub-rules handle special contractions: aren't, can't -->
<example>Am not I lucky?</example>
<example>Can not you get it?</example>
<!-- sentence is not a question -->
<example>Will not be in this morning as I am having eye surgery (lasik) later today.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="SENT_START|PCT|CC" />
<marker>
<token>am</token>
<token skip="-1" case_sensitive="yes">not</token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END">?</token>
</pattern>
<message>Questions beginning with '\2 \3' can sound very formal.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="(?i)(a)m" regexp_replace="$1re" />n't</suggestion>
<example correction="Aren't"><marker>Am not</marker> I lucky?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="SENT_START|PCT|CC" />
<marker>
<token>can</token>
<token skip="-1" case_sensitive="yes">not</token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END">?</token>
</pattern>
<message>Questions beginning with '\2 \3' can sound very formal.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="(?i)(ca)n" regexp_replace="$1" />n't</suggestion>
<example correction="Can't"><marker>Can not</marker> you get it?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="SENT_START|PCT|CC" />
<token min="0">then</token>
<token postag="WRB" />
<marker>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">have|be|will|do|can|could|should|would|might|must
<exception>am</exception><!-- next sub-rule handles special contractions: aren't, can't -->
<exception postag="VBG" />
</token>
<token skip="-1" case_sensitive="yes">not</token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END">?</token>
</pattern>
<message>Questions with '\4 \5' can sound very formal.</message>
<suggestion><match no="4" regexp_match="(?i)(w)ill" regexp_replace="$1o" />n't</suggestion>
<!-- TODO: consider suggesting both ["aren't you", "are you not"] for "are not you" -->
<example correction="wouldn't">Why <marker>would not</marker> that work?</example>
<example correction="doesn't">Why <marker>does not</marker> anyone translate the phrases I send to this site?</example>
<example correction="don't">Now why <marker>do not</marker> you teach her how to properly wear them?</example>
<example correction="shouldn't">But why <marker>should not</marker> I wear pink ribbons?</example>
<example correction="don't">If we believe that, why <marker>do not</marker> we have it?</example>
<example correction="don't">While trying to shake off love, why <marker>do not</marker> you give yourself a little time to think?</example>
<!-- Note: interrogative words below are WP, not WRP; this is for future-proofing -->
<example>the production of food for priests and warriors who do not themselves produce</example>
<example>Which are not the same?</example>
<example>Who was not here?</example>
<example>Who is not unwell?</example>
<example>Who is not a native Berber speaker here?</example>
<example>That is not what you want?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="SENT_START|PCT|CC" />
<token min="0">then</token>
<token postag="WRB" />
<marker>
<token>am</token>
<token skip="-1" case_sensitive="yes">not</token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END">?</token>
</pattern>
<message>Questions with '\4 \5' can sound very formal.</message>
<suggestion><match no="4" regexp_match="(?i)(a)m" regexp_replace="$1re" />n't</suggestion>
<example correction="aren't">Why <marker>am not</marker> I enough for you?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="SENT_START|PCT|CC" />
<token min="0">then</token>
<token postag="WRB" />
<marker>
<token>can</token>
<token skip="-1" case_sensitive="yes">not</token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END">?</token>
</pattern>
<message>Questions with '\4 \5' can sound very formal.</message>
<suggestion><match no="4" regexp_match="(?i)(ca)n" regexp_replace="$1" />n't</suggestion>
<example correction="can't">Why <marker>can not</marker> I share a regular binary file?</example>
<example correction="can't">If that is so, why <marker>can not</marker> we have it?</example>
<example correction="can't">If he serves others, then why <marker>can not</marker> we?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="NOT_SURE_IT_WORKS" name="Not sure (if) it works">
<antipattern>
<token>sure</token>
<token>that</token>
<token chunk_re=".-NP.*" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>I</token>
<token>suppose</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>sure</token>
<token>that</token>
<token regexp="yes">there|then|before|after</token>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes">very|so|really|quite|entirely|fully</token>
<marker>
<token>sure</token>
<token regexp="yes">it|this|th[eo]se|s?he|they|we|I|you|the|there</token>
</marker>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token regexp="yes" min="0">&apostrophe;</token>
<token postag="VB.*|MD" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">&uncommon_verbs;</exception>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider adding a conjunction to make this sound more formal.</message>
<suggestion>\3 if \4</suggestion>
<suggestion>\3 that \4</suggestion>
<suggestion>\3 whether \4</suggestion>
<suggestion>\3, \4</suggestion>
<example correction="sure if it|sure that it|sure whether it|sure, it">Not <marker>sure it</marker> works like this.</example>
<example>Not sure that separate comments would get us any additional value.</example>
<example>Not so elegant I suppose...</example>
<example>He is not so foolish that even he can't see the reason.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes">very|so|really|quite|entirely|fully</token>
<marker>
<token>sure</token>
<token>that</token>
</marker>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token regexp="yes" min="0">&apostrophe;</token>
<token postag="VB.*|MD" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception regexp="yes">&uncommon_verbs;</exception>
<exception postag="VBG" />
</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider adding a conjunction to make this sound more formal.</message>
<suggestion>\3 if \4</suggestion>
<suggestion>\3 whether \4</suggestion>
<suggestion>\3, \4</suggestion>
<example correction="sure if that|sure whether that|sure, that">Not <marker>sure that</marker> will work like this.</example>
<example>I’m not sure that allowing the user to back up to another pod is a good idea.</example>
<example>I’m not sure that there is a clean way to accomplish what you need.</example>
<example>I am not sure that setting a transaction URL will help.</example>
<example>We think it does, but we are not sure that there will be a material improvement.</example>
<example>Second, I’m not sure that tent is the perfect answer to that.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="THANK_YOU_MUCH" name="Thank you much">
<antipattern>
<token>much</token>
<token>appreciated</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>thank</token>
<token>you</token>
<token>much</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is non-standard. Consider replacing it.</message>
<suggestion>\1 \2 so \3</suggestion>
<suggestion>\1 \2 very \3</suggestion>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/word-choice-thank-you/</url>
<example correction="Thank you so much|Thank you very much"><marker>Thank you much</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="TIFLIS" name="Tiflis">
<antipattern>
<token skip="5">Tiflis</token>
<token>Tbilisi</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="5">Tbilisi</token>
<token>Tiflis</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token case_sensitive="yes">Tiflis</token>
</pattern>
<message>The capital city of Georgia is today known under the name <suggestion>Tbilisi</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Tbilisi">The capital city of Georgia is <marker>Tiflis</marker>.</example>
<example>The dialect of the Ararat plateau provided the primary elements of Eastern Armenian, centered in Tiflis (Tbilisi, Georgia).</example>
</rule>
<rule id="USED_TO_COULD" name="used to could (be able to)">
<pattern>
<token>used</token>
<token>to</token>
<marker><token>could</token></marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>be able to</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://brians.wsu.edu/2016/05/19/used-to-could//</url>
<example correction="be able to">I used to <marker>could</marker> do that.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="MISSING_COMMA_WITH_TOO" name="Missing vocative comma">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token min='0' regexp='yes'>["«»“”]|but|and</token>
<marker>
<token postag="PRP"><exception postag="PRP$"/></token>
<token>too</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB.?|MD" postag_regexp="yes"></token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider setting off 'too' with commas if you want to emphasize an abrupt change of thought.</message>
<suggestion>\3, too,</suggestion>
<url>https://www.dailywritingtips.com/comma-before-too/</url>
<short>Missing comma</short>
<example correction="I, too,"><marker>I too</marker> love cheese cake.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="INDIAN_ENGLISH" name="Indian English replacements">
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_English#Vocabulary</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">redressals?</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word "\1" is Indian English. Consider a term that is more suited for an international audience.</message>
<suggestion>reparation<match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)redressal" regexp_replace="" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<suggestion>compensation<match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)redressal" regexp_replace="" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<suggestion>correction<match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)redressal" regexp_replace="" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<suggestion>reaction<match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)redressal" regexp_replace="" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<suggestion>redress</suggestion><!-- TODO: convert this to plural -->
<url>https://www.lexico.com/definition/redressal</url>
<example correction="reparation|compensation|correction|reaction|redress">Thanks for your speedy <marker>redressal</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">upgradations?</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word "\1" is Indian English. Consider a term that is more suited for an international audience.</message>
<suggestion>upgrade<match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)upgradation" regexp_replace="" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<suggestion>enhancement<match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)upgradation" regexp_replace="" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<url>https://www.lexico.com/definition/upgradation</url>
<example correction="upgrade|enhancement">I got an <marker>upgradation</marker> to premium economy.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">freeships?</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word "\1" is Indian English. Consider a term that is more suited for an international audience.</message>
<suggestion>free studentship<match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)freeship" regexp_replace="" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<url>https://www.lexico.com/definition/freeship</url>
<example correction="free studentship">He was granted a <marker>freeship</marker> from the state.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>press</token>
<token regexp="yes">persons?</token>
</pattern>
<message>The term "\1 \2" is Indian English. Consider a term that is more suited for an international audience.</message>
<suggestion>journalist<match no="2" regexp_match="(?i)person" regexp_replace="" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<suggestion>reporter<match no="2" regexp_match="(?i)person" regexp_replace="" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<url>https://www.lexico.com/definition/press_person</url>
<example correction="journalist|reporter">The <marker>press person</marker> interviewed the victim.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">press\-?persons?</token>
</pattern>
<message>The term "\1" is Indian English. Consider a term that is more suited for an international audience.</message>
<suggestion>journalist<match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)pressperson" regexp_replace="" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<suggestion>reporter<match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)pressperson" regexp_replace="" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<url>https://www.lexico.com/definition/press_person</url>
<example correction="journalist|reporter">The <marker>pressperson</marker> interviewed the victim.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">prepone</token>
</pattern>
<message>The term "\1" is Indian English. Consider a term that is more suited for an international audience.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)prepon" regexp_replace="advanc" /></suggestion>
<url>https://www.lexico.com/definition/prepone</url>
<example correction="advance">The government might <marker>prepone</marker> these elections so we'd better be prepared.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">do</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>needful</token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression is chiefly Indian English or dated British English. Consider an alternative that is more suited for an international audience.</message>
<suggestion>\1 what is necessary</suggestion>
<suggestion>\1 what is required</suggestion>
<url>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/do_the_needful</url>
<example correction="do what is necessary|do what is required">We need to <marker>do the needful</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">rowdy\-sheeters?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression is chiefly Indian English. Consider an alternative that is more suited for an international audience.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)rowdy\-sheeter" regexp_replace="criminal" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)rowdy\-sheeter" regexp_replace="lawbreaker" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<example correction="criminal|lawbreaker">He is a <marker>rowdy-sheeter</marker> because he has stolen.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>annexure</token>
</pattern>
<message>This word is chiefly Indian English. Consider an alternative that is more suited for an international audience.</message>
<suggestion>appendix</suggestion>
<suggestion>attachment</suggestion>
<suggestion>supplement</suggestion>
<url>https://www.lexico.com/definition/annexure</url>
<example correction="appendix|attachment|supplement">The <marker>annexure</marker> of the technical proposal.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>annexures</token>
</pattern>
<message>This word is chiefly Indian English. Consider an alternative that is more suited for an international audience.</message>
<suggestion>appendixes</suggestion>
<suggestion>attachments</suggestion>
<suggestion>supplements</suggestion>
<url>https://www.lexico.com/definition/annexure</url>
<example correction="appendixes|attachments|supplements">The <marker>annexures</marker> of the technical proposal.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">updations?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This word is chiefly Indian English. Consider an alternative that is more suited for an international audience.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)pdation" regexp_replace="pdate" /></suggestion>
<url>https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/updation</url>
<example correction="update">Something went wrong during the <marker>updation</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">Jeff(rey)?</token>
<token>Skilling</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>Keith</token>
<token>Skilling</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>K</token>
<token min="0">.</token>
<token>Skilling</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">Mrs?|Dr|Prof</token>
<token min="0">.</token>
<token>skilling</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NNP" />
<token case_sensitive="yes">Skilling</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>skilling</token>
</pattern>
<message>This word is chiefly South Asian English. Consider an alternative that is more suited for an international audience.</message>
<suggestion>training</suggestion>
<url>https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/skilling</url>
<example correction="training">He did a <marker>skilling</marker> to learn more about computers.</example>
</rule>
<!-- <rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">sub-inspectors?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression is chiefly Indian English. Consider an alternative that is more suited for an international audience.</message>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">timepass</token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression is chiefly Indian English or dated British English. Consider an alternative that is more suited for an international audience.</message>
</rule> -->
<!-- TODO https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2013/09/04/for-timepass-a-guide-to-indian-english/ -->
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="RECOMMENDED_COMPOUNDS" name="Recommended compounds (smartphone, website, …)">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/compound-words/#compound-nouns</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>smart</token>
<token regexp="yes">phones?</token>
</pattern>
<message>Nowadays, it's more common to write this as one word.</message>
<suggestion>smart<match no="2" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<example correction="smartphone">He is using a <marker>smart phone</marker> to communicate with his friends.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>world</token>
<token>wide</token>
<token>web</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>web</token>
<token regexp="yes">sites?</token>
</pattern>
<message>Nowadays, it's more common to write this as one word.</message>
<suggestion>web<match no="2" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<example correction="website">He published a new blog post on his <marker>web site</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">(coffee|tea)makers?</token>
</pattern>
<message>It's more common to write this as two words.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)(ee|ea)(ma)" regexp_replace="$1 $2" /></suggestion>
<example correction="coffee maker">Not everyone wants or needs a fancy <marker>coffeemaker</marker>, and that’s totally fine.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>back</token>
<token regexp="yes">yards?</token>
</pattern>
<message>It's more common to write this as one word.</message>
<suggestion>back<match no="2" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<example correction="backyard">He is having a party in his <marker>back yard</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>end</token>
<token>user</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>user</token>
<token regexp="yes">names?</token>
</pattern>
<message>It's more common nowadays to write this noun as one word.</message>
<suggestion>user<match no="2" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<example correction="username">I have set a <marker>user name</marker> for my online profile.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>land</token>
<token regexp="yes">lines?</token>
</pattern>
<message>It's more common nowadays to write this noun as one word.</message>
<suggestion>land<match no="2" case_conversion="alllower" /></suggestion>
<example correction="landline">I don't own a mobile phone, I only have a <marker>land line</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="MOST_OF_OUR_TIMES" name="Most of our times (time)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes" skip="2">spend|invest|enjoy</token>
<marker>
<token>most</token>
<token>of</token>
<token regexp="yes">y?our|my|his|her|their|its</token>
<token>times</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean the more common phrase <suggestion>\2 \3 \4 <match no="5" regexp_match="(?i)s" regexp_replace="" /></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="most of our time">We spend <marker>most of our times</marker> here.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="REASON_IS_BECAUSE" name="'the reason... is because'">
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes" skip="1">that|,</token>
<token>is</token>
<token>because</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>because</token>
<token regexp="yes">of|that|\p{P}</token>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token postag="JJ" min="0" />
<token skip="6">reason</token>
<marker>
<token>is</token>
<token>because</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<!-- or <suggestion>because</suggestion> -->
<message>The word "because" means "for the reason that" and thus introduces redundancy.</message>
<suggestion>is that</suggestion>
<url>https://onlinewritingtraining.com.au/the-reason-is-that-or-the-reason-is-because/</url>
<example correction="is that">The reason we were late <marker>is because</marker> there was an accident.</example>
<example>The root reason of his failure is because of his arrogance.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token postag="JJ" min="0" />
<token skip="5">reason</token>
<token skip="4">is</token>
<marker>
<token>is</token>
<token>because</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<!-- or <suggestion>because</suggestion> -->
<message>The word "because" means "for the reason that" and thus introduces redundancy.</message>
<suggestion>is that</suggestion>
<url>https://onlinewritingtraining.com.au/the-reason-is-that-or-the-reason-is-because/</url>
<example correction="is that">The reason that Tom isn't here <marker>is because</marker> he's sick.</example>
<example>The root reason of his failure is because of his arrogance.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="ALINE" name="aline vs. align">
<url>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aline</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token case_sensitive="yes">aline</token>
</pattern>
<message>This word is a less commonly used variant of the verb 'align'. Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)line" regexp_replace="lign" /></suggestion>, <suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)line" regexp_replace="irline" /></suggestion>, <suggestion>a line</suggestion> or the name <suggestion>Aline</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="align|airline|a line|Aline">They <marker>aline</marker> to the recently announced changes.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token case_sensitive="yes">alines</token>
</pattern>
<message>This word is a less commonly used variant of the verb 'align'. Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)line" regexp_replace="lign" /></suggestion>, <suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)line" regexp_replace="irline" /></suggestion> or the name <suggestion>Aline's</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="aligns|airlines|Aline's">He <marker>alines</marker> to the recently announced changes.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">alin(ed|ing)</token>
</pattern>
<message>This word is a less commonly used variant of the verb 'align'. Did you mean <suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)lin" regexp_replace="lign" /></suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="aligning">He is <marker>alining</marker> to the recently announced changes.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="BESTEST" name="bestest (best)">
<pattern>
<token>bestest</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word "\1" is informal.</message>
<suggestion>best</suggestion>
<url>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bestest</url>
<example correction="best">He is my <marker>bestest</marker> friend.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BORED_OF" name="bored of (with)">
<pattern>
<token>bored</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>In standard English it's more accepted to use <suggestion>bored with</suggestion> or <suggestion>bored by</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://www.lexico.com/grammar/bored-by-of-or-with</url>
<example correction="bored with|bored by">I always get <marker>bored of</marker> people who talk about themselves.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THEMSELF" name="'themself'">
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">"|„|‘|“</token>
<token spacebefore="no">themself</token>
<token regexp="yes" spacebefore="no">"|“|’|”</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>themself</token>
</pattern>
<message>Generally speaking, "themself" is only acceptable when referring to a singular entity (such as the singular usage of "they", which is the preferred pronoun for many non-binary people). If "themself" refers to a plural entity (such as "everybody", or the standard usage of "they"), you should use "themselves".</message>
<suggestion>themselves</suggestion>
<suggestion>himself</suggestion>
<suggestion>herself</suggestion>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/style-singular-they/#using-singular-%E2%80%9Cthey%E2%80%9D-today</url>
<example correction="themselves|himself|herself">The casual observer might easily think <marker>themself</marker> back in 1945.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="OURSELF" name="'ourself'">
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">"|„|‘|“</token>
<token spacebefore="no">ourself</token>
<token regexp="yes" spacebefore="no">"|“|’|”</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>ourself</token>
</pattern>
<message>The term is non-standard and not widely accepted.</message>
<suggestion>ourselves</suggestion>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/reflexive-pronouns/#what-are-the-possible-forms-of-reflexive-pronouns</url>
<example correction="ourselves">We witnessed <marker>ourself</marker> at Southampton this thirteenth day of October.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MERCHANDIZE" name="'merchandize' vs. 'merchandise'">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">merchandize</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using the more commonly used <suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="iz" regexp_replace="is" /></suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/ise-ize/</url>
<example correction="merchandised">He <marker>merchandized</marker> eighteen years, owning mills and blacksmith shops.</example>
<example correction="merchandise">The <marker>merchandize</marker> will arrive by truck at midnight.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="SUPER_BOWL" name="Super Bowl (Roman numerals)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>Super</token>
<token>Bowl</token>
<token regexp="yes">#?53</token>
</pattern>
<message>Do you want to use the official name including Roman numerals <suggestion>Super Bowl LIII</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Super Bowl LIII">The <marker>Super Bowl 53</marker> is happening in February 2018.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">53(th)?</token>
<token>Super</token>
<token>Bowl</token>
</pattern>
<message>Do you want to use the official name including Roman numerals <suggestion>Super Bowl LIII</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Super Bowl LIII">The <marker>53th Super Bowl</marker> is happening in February 2018.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>Super</token>
<token>Bowl</token>
<token regexp="yes">#?54</token>
</pattern>
<message>Do you want to use the official name including Roman numerals <suggestion>Super Bowl LIV</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Super Bowl LIV">The <marker>Super Bowl 54</marker> is happening in February 2020.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">54(th)?</token>
<token>Super</token>
<token>Bowl</token>
</pattern>
<message>Do you want to use the official name including Roman numerals <suggestion>Super Bowl LIV</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Super Bowl LIV">The <marker>54th Super Bowl</marker> is happening in February 2020.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>Super</token>
<token>Bowl</token>
<token regexp="yes">#?55</token>
</pattern>
<message>Do you want to use the official name including Roman numerals <suggestion>Super Bowl LV</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Super Bowl LV">The <marker>Super Bowl 55</marker> is happening in February 2021.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">55(th)?</token>
<token>Super</token>
<token>Bowl</token>
</pattern>
<message>Do you want to use the official name including Roman numerals <suggestion>Super Bowl LV</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Super Bowl LV"><marker>The 55th Super Bowl</marker> is happening in February 2021.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">55(th)?</token>
<token>Super</token>
<token>Bowl</token>
</pattern>
<message>Do you want to use the official name including Roman numerals <suggestion>Super Bowl LV</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Super Bowl LV"><marker>55th Super Bowl</marker> is happening in February 2021.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>Super</token>
<token>Bowl</token>
<token regexp="yes">#?56</token>
</pattern>
<message>Do you want to use the official name including Roman numerals <suggestion>Super Bowl LVI</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Super Bowl LVI">The <marker>Super Bowl 56</marker> is happening in February 2022.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">56(th)?</token>
<token>Super</token>
<token>Bowl</token>
</pattern>
<message>Do you want to use the official name including Roman numerals <suggestion>Super Bowl LVI</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Super Bowl LVI"><marker>The 56th Super Bowl</marker> is happening in February 2022.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">56(th)?</token>
<token>Super</token>
<token>Bowl</token>
</pattern>
<message>Do you want to use the official name including Roman numerals <suggestion>Super Bowl LVI</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Super Bowl LVI"><marker>56th Super Bowl</marker> is happening in February 2022.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>Super</token>
<token>Bowl</token>
<token regexp="yes">#?57</token>
</pattern>
<message>Do you want to use the official name including Roman numerals <suggestion>Super Bowl LVII</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Super Bowl LVII">The <marker>Super Bowl 57</marker> is happening in February 2023.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">57(th)?</token>
<token>Super</token>
<token>Bowl</token>
</pattern>
<message>Do you want to use the official name including Roman numerals <suggestion>Super Bowl LVII</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Super Bowl LVII"><marker>The 57th Super Bowl</marker> is happening in February 2023.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">57(th)?</token>
<token>Super</token>
<token>Bowl</token>
</pattern>
<message>Do you want to use the official name including Roman numerals <suggestion>Super Bowl LVII</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Super Bowl LVII"><marker>57th Super Bowl</marker> is happening in February 2023.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="GOTTA" name="informal 'gotta'">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" />
<marker>
<token>gotta</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
</pattern>
<message>The word 'gotta' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>I've to</suggestion>
<suggestion>I've got to</suggestion>
<suggestion>I got a</suggestion>
<example correction="I've to|I've got to|I got a"><marker>Gotta</marker> go.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">I|we|they|you</token>
<marker>
<token>gotta</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The word 'gotta' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>have to</suggestion>
<suggestion>have got to</suggestion>
<suggestion>got a</suggestion>
<example correction="have to|have got to|got a">I <marker>gotta</marker> go.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">s?he|it</token>
<marker>
<token>gotta</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The word 'gotta' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>has to</suggestion>
<suggestion>has got to</suggestion>
<suggestion>got a</suggestion>
<example correction="has to|has got to|got a">He <marker>gotta</marker> go.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">have|has</token>
<token>gotta</token>
<token>be</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word 'gotta' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>must be</suggestion>
<example correction="must be">You <marker>have gotta be</marker> kidding me.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>'ve</token>
<token>gotta</token>
<token>be</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word 'gotta' is informal.</message>
<suggestion> must be</suggestion>
<example correction=" must be">You<marker>'ve gotta be</marker> kidding me.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">have|has</token>
<marker>
<token>gotta</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The word 'gotta' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>got a</suggestion>
<example correction="got a">I have <marker>gotta</marker> new car.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>'ve</token>
<token>gotta</token>
</marker>
<token chunk_re="B-NP.*" />
</pattern>
<message>The word 'gotta' is informal.</message>
<suggestion> got a</suggestion>
<example correction=" got a">You<marker>'ve gotta</marker> new car.</example>
<example>You've gotta see this.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">has|have|'(s|ve)</token>
<marker>
<token>gotta</token>
</marker>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" />
</pattern>
<message>'Gotta' is very informal. Consider using 'got to' instead.</message>
<suggestion>got to</suggestion>
<example correction="got to">You've <marker>gotta</marker> see this.</example>
<example>You've gotta new car.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="GONNA_TEMP" name="gonna (going to)" default="temp_off">
<antipattern>
<token negate_pos="yes" postag="SENT_START" />
<token case_sensitive="yes">Gunna</token>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">are|r</token>
<token>u</token>
<token regexp="yes">g[ou]n?na|finna</token>
</pattern>
<message>The phrase '\1 \2 \3' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>are you going to</suggestion>
<suggestion>will you</suggestion>
<example correction="Are you going to|Will you"><marker>Are u gonna</marker> ignore me?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>u</token>
<token regexp="yes">g[ou]n?na|finna</token>
</pattern>
<message>The phrase '\1 \2' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>you're going to</suggestion>
<suggestion>you are going to</suggestion>
<suggestion>you will</suggestion>
<example correction="you're going to|you are going to|you will">And now <marker>u gonna</marker> ignore me.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">g[ou]n?na|finna</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB" />
</pattern>
<message>The word '\1' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>going to</suggestion>
<example correction="Going to"><marker>Gonna</marker> be there.</example>
<example correction="going to">I'm <marker>gonna</marker> let you finish.</example>
<example correction="Going to"><marker>Gunna</marker> try it again today.</example>
<example correction="going to">i am not <marker>gona</marker> fly if</example>
<example correction="going to">I'm <marker>finna</marker> get a updated gaming console</example>
<example>They call me Gonna.</example>
<example>These allegations concerning Gunna have no basis in reality.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="GONNA" name="gonna (going to)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">are|r</token>
<token>u</token>
<token>gonna</token>
</pattern>
<message>The phrase '\1 u gonna' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>are you going to</suggestion>
<suggestion>will you</suggestion>
<example correction="Are you going to|Will you"><marker>Are u gonna</marker> ignore me?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>u</token>
<token>gonna</token>
</pattern>
<message>The phrase 'u gonna' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>you're going to</suggestion>
<suggestion>you are going to</suggestion>
<suggestion>you will</suggestion>
<example correction="you're going to|you are going to|you will">And now <marker>u gonna</marker> ignore me.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>gonna</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB" />
</pattern>
<message>The word 'gonna' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>going to</suggestion>
<example correction="Going to"><marker>Gonna</marker> be there.</example>
<example correction="going to">I'm <marker>gonna</marker> let you finish.</example>
<example>They call me Gonna.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="TRYNA" name="tryna → trying to">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">tryi?n?na</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word '\1' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>trying to</suggestion>
<example correction="trying to">Thanks for <marker>tryna</marker> help.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">tryi?n?</token>
<token regexp="yes">&apostrophe;</token>
<token>na</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word '\1\2\3' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>trying to</suggestion>
<example correction="trying to">Who you <marker>try'na</marker> call?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="Y_ALL" name="y'all (you all)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>all</token>
<token>of</token>
<token regexp="yes">ya?|you</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">&apostrophe;</token>
<token>all</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word "all" is repeated. Consider just using <suggestion>\1 \2 you</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="all of you">I will send an update to <marker>all of y'all</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>y</token>
<token regexp="yes">&apostrophe;</token>
<token>all</token>
</pattern>
<message>The phrase '\1\2\3' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>you all</suggestion>
<suggestion>all of you</suggestion>
<example correction="You all|All of you"><marker>Y'all</marker> don't know what I'm talking about.</example>
<example correction="you all|all of you">I'd like to correct the error I made in my last message to <marker>y'all</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="DONTCHA" name="dontcha (don't you)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">dont?cha</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word '\1' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>don't you</suggestion>
<example correction="Don't you"><marker>Dontcha</marker> think this could be done easier?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>don</token>
<token regexp="yes">&apostrophe;</token>
<token regexp="yes">t?cha</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word '\1\2\3' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>don't you</suggestion>
<example correction="Don't you"><marker>Don'tcha</marker> think this could be done easier?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="WHATCHA" name="whatcha (what are you)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">wh?atcha</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VBG" />
</pattern>
<message>The word '\1' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>what are you</suggestion>
<example correction="What are you"><marker>Whatcha</marker> doing?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">wh?atcha</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VBG" negate_pos="yes" />
</pattern>
<message>The word '\1' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>what do you</suggestion>
<suggestion>what are you</suggestion>
<example correction="What do you|What are you"><marker>Whatcha</marker> have?</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="OUTTA" name="outta (out of)">
<pattern>
<token>outta</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word '\1' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>out of</suggestion>
<example correction="out of">I'm <marker>outta</marker> here.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="LEMME" name="lemme (let me)">
<pattern>
<token>lemme</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word '\1' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>let me</suggestion>
<example correction="Let me"><marker>Lemme</marker> see if I can help you.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="BOUT_TO" name="I'm bout (about) to">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">s?he|it</token>
<token min="0">'s</token>
<token>bout</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>The phrase '\3 \4' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>\1's about \5</suggestion>
<example correction="He's about to"><marker>He bout to</marker> go crazy.</example>
<example correction="He's about to"><marker>He's bout to</marker> go crazy.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>I</token>
<token min="0">'m</token>
<token>bout</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>The phrase '\3 \4' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>\1'm about \5</suggestion>
<example correction="I'm about to"><marker>I bout to</marker> go crazy.</example>
<example correction="I'm about to"><marker>I'm bout to</marker> go crazy.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">we|they|you</token>
<token min="0">'re</token>
<token>bout</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>The phrase '\3 \4' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>\1're about \5</suggestion>
<example correction="They're about to"><marker>They bout to</marker> go crazy.</example>
<example correction="They're about to"><marker>They're bout to</marker> go crazy.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">you|u|ya|ur</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">r|are</token>
<token>bout</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>The phrase '\3 \4' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>You're about \4</suggestion>
<example correction="You're about to"><marker>U r bout to</marker> go crazy.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" />
<marker>
<token>bout</token>
<token>to</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
</pattern>
<message>The phrase '\2 \3' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>I'm about \3</suggestion>
<example correction="I'm about to"><marker>Bout to</marker> jam it!</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">am|are|is</token>
<marker>
<token>bout</token>
<token>to</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
</pattern>
<message>The phrase '\2 \3' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>about \3</suggestion>
<example correction="about to">It is <marker>bout to</marker> go down.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="LUV" name="luv (love)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">luvs?</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word '\1' is informal and non-standard.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)luv" regexp_replace="love" /></suggestion>
<url>https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/luv</url>
<example correction="loves">He <marker>luvs</marker> you</example>
</rule>
<rule id="DAT" name="dat (that)">
<antipattern>
<token skip="2">dat</token>
<token regexp="yes">.*motor.*|cars?|auto.*|internali.ation|transporter|formats?|files?|recorders?|nguyen</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>.</token>
<token spacebefore="no">dat</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>Dat</token>
<token postag="UNKNOWN" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>Dat</token>
<token>,</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|VB.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<marker>
<token case_sensitive="yes" regexp="yes">
[Dd]at
</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>that</suggestion> or <suggestion>date</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="that|date">We can do <marker>dat</marker>.</example>
<example>Bill, it appears that all is well with updating the DAT files to CSV</example>
<example>list.dat</example>
</rule>
<rule id="DIS" name="dis (this)">
<antipattern>
<token>(</token>
<token>dis</token>
<token>)</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>magnis</token>
<token>dis</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- dis can be used as a noun (rare) -->
<token regexp="yes">the|an?|my|her|his|y?our|their|its|s</token>
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" min="0" />
<token>dis</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- dis can be used as a verb (rare) -->
<token regexp="yes">can|will|to|[cw]ould|should</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token>dis</token>
<token postag="PRP.*|NNP" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>dis</token>
<token regexp="yes">/|-|tracks?|songs?|vids?|videos?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>dis</token>
<token postag="UNKNOWN" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="2" regexp="yes">city|ruins?</token>
<token>dis</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">[a-z].+</token>
<token>Dis</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">[Dd]is</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>this</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="This"><marker>Dis</marker> is my favourite food.</example>
<example>Ideally, Diaspora should be equally easy to use for people with all levels of (dis)ability and on all devices.</example>
<example>The dis track was part released on his recent studio album.</example>
<example>The rapper WRONG_PRP_AT_SENT_START to dis his opponent.</example>
<example>Punished within Dis are those whose lives were marked by active (rather than passive) sins.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="GIMME" name="gimme (give me)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">gimmi?e</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">my|y?our|his|her|its|their|the|an?|this|that|th[eo]se|many|much|any|some|more|less|what|back|(any|some)(thing|one)|dat|dis</token>
</pattern>
<message>The word "\1" is informal.</message>
<suggestion>give me</suggestion>
<example correction="Give me"><marker>Gimme</marker> my money.</example>
<example>Clearly, both the stock and bond market view Enron as being in dire straits," said independent research firm Gimme Credit analyst Carol Levenson.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="GOTCHA" name="gotcha (got you)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">I|we|s?he|it|they</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<marker>
<token>gotcha</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The word "\1" is informal.</message>
<suggestion>got you</suggestion>
<example correction="got you">Hah, I <marker>gotcha</marker>!</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="WANNA" name="wanna (want to)">
<rule id="WANNA_TO" name="I don't wanna to travel (want to travel)">
<pattern>
<token>wanna</token>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VB" />
</pattern>
<message>The word 'wanna' is informal, consider replacing it.</message>
<suggestion>want \2 \3</suggestion>
<example correction="want to travel">I don't <marker>wanna to travel</marker>.</example>
<example correction="want to collect">What can I do if I <marker>wanna to collect</marker> data with finer granularity?</example>
<example correction="want to add">I <marker>wanna to add</marker> atom to git instead of using the default editor.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">are|r</token>
<token>u</token>
<token>wanna</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The phrase '\1 u wanna' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>are you want to</suggestion>
<example correction="Are you want to"><marker>Are u wanna</marker> publish your paper?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>u</token>
<token>wanna</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The phrase 'u wanna' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>you want to</suggestion>
<example correction="you want to">Do <marker>u wanna</marker> play?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">s?he|it</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<marker>
<token>wanna</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB" />
</pattern>
<message>The word 'wanna' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>wants to</suggestion>
<example correction="wants to">He <marker>wanna</marker> be there.</example>
<example correction="wants to">He only <marker>wanna</marker> stay if I give him money.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>wanna</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VB" />
</pattern>
<message>The word 'wanna' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>want to</suggestion>
<example correction="Want to"><marker>Wanna</marker> be there.</example>
<example correction="want to">I'm <marker>wanna</marker> let you finish.</example>
<example correction="want to">I <marker>wanna</marker> have a big party on my birthday.</example>
<example>They call me Wanna.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- wanna NP -->
<antipattern> <!-- caught by next rule -->
<token inflected="yes">do</token>
<token min="0" inflected="yes">not</token>
<token>do</token>
<token>wanna</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>wanna</token>
</marker>
<token postag="P?DT|PRP\$.*|PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP.*" />
</pattern>
<message>The word 'wanna' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>want</suggestion>
<example correction="want">I don't <marker>wanna</marker> this product because I don't want to do it.</example>
<example correction="want">I just <marker>wanna</marker> my money back.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- wanna -> want to do -->
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">do</token>
<token min="0" inflected="yes">not</token>
<marker>
<token>do</token>
<token>wanna</token>
</marker>
<token chunk_re="B-NP.*" />
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean to write 'want to do' here?</message>
<suggestion>want to do</suggestion>
<example correction="want to do">I don't want this product because don't <marker>do wanna</marker> it.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="DUNNO" name="dunno (don't know)">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/i-dont-know-synonyms/</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>u</token>
<token>dunno</token>
</pattern>
<message>The phrase 'u dunno' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>you don't know</suggestion>
<example correction="you don't know">Really, <marker>u dunno</marker>?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">I|you|s?he|it|we|they</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<marker>
<token>dunno</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The word 'dunno' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>don't know</suggestion>
<example correction="don't know">I really <marker>dunno</marker> what you're talking about.</example>
<example>They call me Dunno</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" />
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<marker>
<token>dunno</token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END|WP|WRB" postag_regexp="yes" />
</pattern>
<message>The word 'dunno' is informal.</message>
<suggestion>don't know</suggestion>
<example correction="Don't know"><marker>Dunno</marker> what you mean.</example>
<example correction="don't know">Really <marker>dunno</marker> what you are talking about.</example>
<example>Dunno is my name.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="EXTREME_ADJECTIVES" name="Extreme adjectives">
<!-- TODO: subrules [9] and [11] -->
<!-- Created by Tiago F. Santos, 2018-07-20 -->
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/really-very/</url>
<short>Use an extreme adjective instead.</short>
<antipattern><!-- "He is significantly better than Tom" cannot be converted to "He is fantastic than Tom" -->
<token regexp="yes">&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token postag="JJR" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- Are they really angry? -->
<token skip="3">be</token>
<token skip="-1">really</token>
<token>?</token>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">angry</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'angry'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">furious</match></suggestion>
<example correction="furious">He is <marker>extremely angry</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1" regexp="yes">"e;</token>
<token skip="-1">bad</token>
<token regexp="yes">"e;</token>
<example>She said he "had really bad eyesight."</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" />
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VB" />
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">bad</token>
<example>I have to pee really bad, but I guess I can wait.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" />
<token postag="NNPS?|PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">bad</token>
<example>It got me really bad.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes" inflected="yes">get|become</token>
<token min="0" postag="VB" />
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">bad</token>
<example>He got hit really bad.</example>
<example>Let me know if it gets really bad.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="1" inflected="yes">not</token>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">bad</token>
<example>I know Tom isn't a really bad driver.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">bad</token>
</pattern>
<message>To strengthen your wording, consider using a synonym for 'bad'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">terrible</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">awful</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">unfortunate</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">distressing</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">regrettable</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">dreadful</match></suggestion>
<example correction="terrible|awful|unfortunate|distressing|regrettable|dreadful">This is <marker>really bad</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">big</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'big'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">huge</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">massive</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">colossal</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">gigantic</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">giant</match></suggestion>
<example correction="huge|massive|colossal|gigantic|giant">That diamond is <marker>extremely big</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>clean</token>
<token>code</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">clean</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'clean'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">spotless</match></suggestion>
<example correction="spotless">This room is <marker>extremely clean</marker>.</example>
<example>He has written really clean code.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>cold</token>
<token chunk_re="I-NP.*" min="0" />
<token regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*">lady|dead|.*(m[ae]n)|.*(wom[ae]n)|colou?r|person|people|humans?|eyes?|hearts?|manners?|ways?</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">cold</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'cold'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">freezing</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">icy</match></suggestion>
<example correction="freezing|icy">My hotel room is <marker>extremely cold</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">crowded</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'crowded'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">packed</match></suggestion>
<example correction="packed">This place is <marker>extremely crowded</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">dirty</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'dirty'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">filthy</match></suggestion>
<example correction="filthy">My hotel room is <marker>extremely dirty</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">funny</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'funny'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">hilarious</match></suggestion>
<example correction="hilarious">Her jokes are <marker>extremely funny</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">good</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'good'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">perfect</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">excellent</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">superb</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">wonderful</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">fantastic</match></suggestion>
<example correction="perfect|excellent|superb|wonderful|fantastic">Your proposal is <marker>extremely good</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- <rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">hot</token>
</pattern>
<message>The extreme adjective for hot is <suggestion><match no="2">boiling</match></suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="boiling">This is <marker>extremely hot</marker>.</example>
<example>Megan Fox is <marker>really hot</marker>.</exampe>
</rule> -->
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">hungry</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'hungry'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">starving</match></suggestion>
<example correction="starving">He is <marker>extremely hungry</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">interesting</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'interesting'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">fascinating</match></suggestion>
<example correction="fascinating">This is <marker>extremely interesting</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>old</token>
<token chunk_re="I-NP.*" min="0" />
<token regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*">lady|.*(m[ae]n)|.*(wom[ae]n)|guy|fashioned|hippies?|.*kids?|.*sons?|.*fathers?|.*dads?|.*mothers?|.*m[uo]ms?|person|people|humans?|girls?|boys?|cats?|dogs?|clothes?|friends?|shoes?|shirts?|jeans|socks</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">s?he</token>
<token regexp="yes">was|is|'s</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?|the|my|y?our</token>
<token />
<token>old</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">I</token>
<token regexp="yes">am|was|'m</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?|the|my|y?our</token>
<token />
<token>old</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">old</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'old'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">ancient</match></suggestion>
<example correction="ancient">This object is <marker>extremely old</marker>.</example>
<example>She is a really old lady.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern><!-- #2278 -->
<token regexp='yes'>really|truly</token>
<token>pretty</token>
<token postag='JJ'/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">pretty</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'pretty'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">gorgeous</match></suggestion>
<example correction="gorgeous">She is looking <marker>extremely pretty</marker>.</example>
<example>That dress is <marker>gorgeous</marker>.</example>
<example>It's really pretty ugly.</example><!-- #2278 -->
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">scary</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'scary'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">terrifying</match></suggestion>
<example correction="terrifying">This is <marker>extremely scary</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">small</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'small'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">tiny</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">minimal</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2">minuscule</match></suggestion>
<example correction="tiny|minimal|minuscule">The difference between the two is <marker>extremely small</marker>.</example>
<example>Many cities, especially small ones, will not be able to meet the costs.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">surprising</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'surprising'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">astounding</match></suggestion>
<example correction="astounding">This is <marker>extremely surprising</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">tired</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'tired'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">exhausted</match></suggestion>
<example correction="exhausted">We were all <marker>extremely tired</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&extreme_qualifiers;</token>
<token inflected="yes">ugly</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using an extreme adjective for 'ugly'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2">hideous</match></suggestion>
<example correction="hideous">This hat is <marker>extremely ugly</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="DIFFERENT_THAN" name="different than (from)">
<antipattern>
<token>then</token>
<token postag="CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_END">then</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes" skip="6">when|if</token>
<token>different</token>
<token skip="-1">then</token>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" />
<example>If it is different then change it.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes" skip="3">more|less|much</token>
<token>than</token>
<example>Private sessions in the studio are much different than the mass mat class.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>than</token>
<token regexp="yes">s?he|they|I|we|you</token>
<example>Mary is different than she used to be.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>different</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">th[ae]n</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean 'different from'? 'Different than' is often considered colloquial style.</message>
<suggestion>from</suggestion>
<example correction="from">Are human beings any different <marker>than</marker> animals?</example>
<example correction="from">Are human beings any different <marker>then</marker> animals?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THAN_I" name="be bigger than me (I)">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token postag="JJR"></token>
<token>than</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">me|him|her|us|them</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">by|at|in|[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>In formal / written English, it is recommended that you use a subject pronoun.</message>
<suggestion>I</suggestion>
<suggestion>he</suggestion>
<suggestion>she</suggestion>
<suggestion>we</suggestion>
<suggestion>they</suggestion>
<url>http://learnersdictionary.com/qa/better-than-I-or-better-than-me</url>
<example correction="I|he|she|we|they">She is wiser than <marker>me</marker>!</example>
<example>She is prettier than her younger sister.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MOST_EVERYONE" name="most (almost) every">
<antipattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>most</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">most(ly)?</token>
<token regexp="yes">(any|every)(body|one|where)?</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid the colloquial phrase '\1 \2' in formal writing. Use <suggestion>almost \2</suggestion> instead.</message>
<url>http://www.englishessaywritingtips.com/2011/09/common-errors-in-spoken-english-most-everyone/</url>
<example correction="Almost everyone"><marker>Most everyone</marker> saw him.</example>
<example correction="almost everywhere">They are <marker>most everywhere</marker>.</example>
<example>We need to do this at most every 4 hours.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="WHEN_WHERE" name="where/when">
<antipattern>
<token>new</token>
<token>york</token>
<token>times</token>
<token>where</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- n.y. times -->
<token>.</token>
<token regexp="yes">y|a</token>
<token min="0">.</token>
<token>times</token>
<token>where</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">ny|la</token>
<token>times</token>
<token>where</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>often</token>
<token>times</token>
<token>where</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">[_#]</token>
<token regexp="yes">times?|hours?|days?|weeks?|months?|years?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">over|[oi]n|another</token>
<token>time</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>a</token>
<token regexp="yes">couple|few</token>
<token>more</token>
<token>times</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>place</token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or|&|/|\+</token>
<token>time</token>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">times?|months?|centur(y|ies)|weeks?|years?|days?|hours?</token>
<token>where</token>
</pattern>
<message>It might be better to use '\1' with the time-relative pronoun 'when'. (Alternatively, use 'in/on which'.)</message>
<suggestion>\1 when</suggestion>
<url>https://www.dictionary.com/browse/where</url>
<example correction="times when">There are <marker>times where</marker> you need to measure high current devices.</example>
<example correction="days when">Do you remember the happy <marker>days where</marker> we were together?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token chunk_re="E-NP.*" postag="NN.*|UNKNOWN" postag_regexp="yes" skip="-1" />
<token>in</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token min="0">near</token>
<token regexp="yes">past|future</token>
<marker>
<token>where</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>It might be better to use '\1' with the time-relative pronoun 'when'. (Alternatively, use 'in/on which'.)</message>
<suggestion>when</suggestion>
<example correction="when">It happened in the past <marker>where</marker> people weren't using mobile phones.</example>
<example>The anime Ghost in the Shell is set in the future where cyberization of humanity happens in cyberspace.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="GOOD_FLUCK" name="Good fuck (luck)" default="temp_off">
<antipattern>
<token>fuck</token>
<token chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token><exception>a</exception></token>
<token>good</token>
<marker>
<token>fuck</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This word is considered offensive. Is it possible that you meant to write 'luck'?</message>
<suggestion>luck</suggestion>
<example correction="luck">Good <marker>fuck</marker> with that!</example>
<example correction="luck">Sending lots of good <marker>fuck</marker> and positive vibes your way.</example>
<example>We've always been very good fuck buddies.</example>
<example>He doesn't have much going for himself but he was a good fuck, though.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="PROFANITY_XML" name="Profanity" tags="picky">
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">spick?</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>span</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes"><!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_Then_There_Were_None -->
<token>Ten</token>
<token>Little</token>
<token>Niggers</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>maine</token>
<token regexp="yes">coons?</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">cocksucker|coon|cunt|dago|fuck|motherfucker|nigger|piss|shit|spic|spick|spik|tits|turd|twat<exception postag="NNP"></exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>This word is considered offensive.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profanity</url>
<short>Profanity</short>
<example correction=""><marker>Piss</marker> off!</example>
<example>Go away!</example>
<example>Carleton S. <marker>Coon</marker> was an American anthropologist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carleton_S._Coon).</example>
<example>... by American publishers, for example Ten Little Niggers to Ten Little Indians, were kept the same across ...</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>kaffir</token>
<token>lime</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>kaffir</token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression can be considered offensive.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffir</url>
<example correction=""><marker>Kaffir</marker>!</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off">
<pattern>
<token>illegal</token>
<token regexp="yes">aliens?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is considered offensive.</message>
<suggestion>undocumented <match no="2" regexp_match="(?i)alien" regexp_replace="immigrant" /></suggestion>
<suggestion>unlawful <match no="2" regexp_match="(?i)alien" regexp_replace="non-citizen" /></suggestion>
<suggestion>undocumented foreign <match no="2" regexp_match="(?i)alien" regexp_replace="national" /></suggestion>
<suggestion>foreign <match no="2" regexp_match="(?i)alien" regexp_replace="national" /></suggestion>
<url>https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/01/us/nyc-illegal-alien-discrimination-guidance/index.html</url>
<example correction="undocumented immigrants|unlawful non-citizens|undocumented foreign nationals|foreign nationals">A business owner was sentenced to prison for harboring <marker>illegal aliens</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off">
<pattern>
<token>illegal</token>
<token regexp="yes">immigrants?</token>
</pattern>
<message>The use of "illegal" to describe a person, rather than a person's action, can be regarded as offensive.</message>
<suggestion>undocumented <match no="2" regexp_match="(?i)immigrant" regexp_replace="migrant" /></suggestion>
<suggestion>irregular <match no="2" regexp_match="(?i)immigrant" regexp_replace="migrant" /></suggestion>
<url>https://picum.org/words-matter/</url>
<example correction="undocumented migrants|irregular migrants">People required to use irregular ways to enter the country are <marker>illegal immigrants</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">fags?</token>
</pattern>
<message>"Fag" is colloquial British English for "cigarette", but in American English, it's a slur for a homosexual man.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fag</url>
<example correction="">Smoke some <marker>fags</marker> and play some pool, pretend you never went to school.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off">
<regexp>^(?:bite me)[\.!]</regexp>
<message>This expression can be considered offensive.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>Bite me!</marker></example>
<example><marker>Get out of here</marker>.</example>
<example>When the dog tried to bite me, I held him down by the neck...</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>cum</token>
<token>laude</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>cum</token>
<token min="0">/</token>
<token>ex</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>cum</token>
<token postag="UNKNOWN" /><!-- some unknown Latin word -->
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>cums?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression is informal. Consider a replacement.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)cum" regexp_replace="come" /></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)cum" regexp_replace="ejaculate" /></suggestion>
<example correction="comes|ejaculates">He <marker>cums</marker>.</example>
<example>Summa <marker>Cum</marker> Laude</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off">
<antipattern>
<token>Yankee</token>
<token regexp="yes">Stadium|Doodle|Candle|conference</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token case_sensitive='yes' regexp='yes'>yankees?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression can be considered offensive or cause unclarity.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)yankee" regexp_replace="American" case_conversion="startupper" /></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)yankee" regexp_replace="tourist" /></suggestion>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yankee</url>
<example correction="Americans|tourists">So you are <marker>yankees</marker>, right?</example>
<example>Are you <marker>Americans</marker>?</example>
<example>He played for the Yankees last season.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern><!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negro_Act_of_1740 -->
<token>Negro</token>
<token regexp="yes">Act|Movements?|songs?|spirituals?</token>
<example>Wills not only learned traditional music from his family, he learned some Negro songs directly from African Americans in the cotton fields near Lakeview, Texas and said that he did not play with many white children other than his siblings, until he was seven or eight years old.</example>
<example>When blacks began singing adapted versions of these hymns, they were called Negro spirituals.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty_Negro_Law -->
<token>Twenty</token>
<token>Negro</token>
<token>Law</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Negro_Committee -->
<token>National</token>
<token>Negro</token>
<token regexp="yes">Business|Committee|Convention</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931) -->
<token>Negro</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes">American|National</token>
<token regexp="yes">Leagues?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">r[íìi]o</token>
<token>negro</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>council</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>negro</token>
<token>leadership</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token case_sensitive="yes">United</token>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">Negroe?</token>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>vinny</token>
<token>del</token>
<token>negro</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>cerro</token>
<token>negro</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>
negro(es)?
<exception scope="previous">monte</exception>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression can be considered offensive.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)negroe?" regexp_replace="African American" /></suggestion>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negro</url>
<example correction="African American">He is a <marker>negro</marker>.</example>
<example correction="African Americans">There were many <marker>negroes</marker>.</example>
<example>Monte Negro</example><!-- caught by EN_COMPOUNDS -->
<example>Negro Act of 1740</example>
<example>He helped Washington create the National Negro Business League.</example>
<example>... four years later, it was joined by the Negro American League.</example>
<example>Along with his brother, Charles became active in the Regional Council of Negro Leadership (RCNL), a civil rights organization that also promoted self-help and business ownership.</example>
<example>1944 – The United Negro College Fund is incorporated.</example>
<example>1966 – Vinny Del Negro, American basketball player and coach</example>
<example>Cerro Negro de Mayasquer</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token case_sensitive='yes' regexp='yes'>squaws?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression can be considered offensive.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squaw</url>
<example correction="">Besides, Winslow and his men had to sleep side by side with the dirty chief and his <marker>squaw</marker>.</example>
<example>Squaw Valley, California</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- retarded -->
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes" chunk_re=".-VP">retard <!-- okay when used as a verb -->
<exception>retarded</exception>
</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="VBZ">retards</token> <!-- verb form that's often not chunked as a VP -->
<token chunk_re="B-NP.*" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern> <!-- verb form that's often not chunked as a VP -->
<token inflected="yes">have</token>
<token min="0">been</token>
<token postag="VBN">retarded</token>
<token chunk_re="B-NP.*|B-PP" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">retard(s|ed)?</token>
<token skip="1">the</token>
<token regexp="yes">process(es)?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern> <!-- miscellaneous exceptions -->
<token skip="-1" regexp="yes">advanced?|cam(shafts?)?|engines?|functions?|positions?|timing|vacuums?|vectors?</token>
<token regexp="yes">retard(s|ed|ing)?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1" regexp="yes">retard(s|ed|ing)?</token>
<token regexp="yes">advanced?|cam(shafts?)?|engines?|functions?|positions?|timing|vacuums?|vectors?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="8" regexp="yes">chemical(ly)?</token>
<token regexp="yes">retard(s|ed)?</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">retard(s|ed)?</token>
</pattern>
<message>Make sure you're using this word as a technical term. When it refers to a person, it's considered offensive.</message>
<suggestion></suggestion>
<example correction="">He's such a <marker>retard</marker>.</example>
<example correction="">They're a bunch of <marker>retards</marker>, honestly.</example>
<example correction="">That's so <marker>retarded</marker>.</example>
<example>I used anti-seize between the tubing and the fittings to retard dissimiliar metal corrosion.</example>
<example>This prescription precludes and preempts competitive business decisions and retards the healthy development of the market.</example>
<example>The SE region lacks information, which has retarded the Staff's efforts to discern the truth about the numerous complaints about transmission in the SE.</example>
<example>The development of gas trading in Germany has been retarded by the lack of easy network access and by high transportation costs.</example>
<example>If the timing is retarded too much that could cause overheating even with no apparent symptoms.</example>
<example>Center for the Retarded is one of Enron's four adopted agencies for the 2001 campaign.</example>
<example>Berthollet's chlorinated bleaching solutions ("Eau de Javel") not only destroyed the smell of putrefaction of animal tissue decomposition, but also retarded the decomposition process itself.</example>
<example>Aerial oxidation, hydrolysis, and other chemical reactions which degrade the products are retarded or prevented entirely.</example>
<example>In fluorescence microscopy and related fluorescence-based techniques, ascorbic acid can be used as an antioxidant to increase fluorescent signal and chemically retard dye photobleaching.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- redskin -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">redskins?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This word can be considered offensive.</message>
<suggestion></suggestion>
<example correction="">The <marker>redskin</marker> said few words.</example>
<example correction="">They kicked the <marker>redskins</marker> outta here.</example>
<example>Redskins coach Norv Turner was fired Monday after failing to live up to Super Bowl expectations with the most expensive team in NFL history.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>deaf-mutes?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression can be considered offensive.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match=".*mute" regexp_replace="deaf"/></suggestion>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaf-mute</url>
<example correction="Deaf"><marker>Deaf-mute</marker> means a person is deaf and can't speak at all.</example>
<example correction="Deafs"><marker>Deaf-mutes</marker> are deaf and can't speak at all.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>deaf</token>
<token regexp='yes'>mutes?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression can be considered offensive.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="mute" regexp_replace="deaf"/></suggestion>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaf-mute</url>
<example correction="Deaf"><marker>Deaf mute</marker> means a person is deaf and can't speak at all.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">Mohammedans?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression can be considered offensive.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="Mohammedan" regexp_replace="Muslim"/></suggestion>
<url>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mohammedan#English</url>
<example correction="Muslim">"<marker>Mohammedan</marker>" was formerly common in usage, but the term Muslim is more common today.</example>
<example correction="Muslims">"<marker>Mohammedans</marker>" was formerly common in usage, but the term Muslims is more common today.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>somalians?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression can be considered offensive.</message>
<suggestion>Somali</suggestion>
<url>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Somalian#English</url>
<example correction="Somali"><marker>Somalian</marker></example>
</rule>
<rule default="off">
<pattern>
<token>jim</token>
<token regexp='yes'>crows?
<exception scope='next' regexp='yes'>laws?</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression can be considered offensive.</message>
<url>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Jim_Crow#English</url>
<example correction=""><marker>Jim Crow</marker>.</example>
<example><marker>Jim Crow</marker> laws.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="PROFANITY_TYPOS" name="Typos that result in swear words" tags="picky" default="off">
<!-- TODO: 'shit' -->
<rule> <!-- fuck -->
<antipattern>
<token postag="V.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token min="0" postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>the</token>
<token>fuck</token>
<token postag="IN|RP|TO" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">give</token>
<token skip="1" regexp="yes">a|enough|no|too</token>
<token regexp="yes">fucks?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="W.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token min="0" regexp="yes">'s|in</token>
<token skip="1">the</token>
<token>fuck</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>the</token>
<token>fuck</token>
<token skip="-1">is</token>
<token>?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="2" regexp="yes">fucks?</token>
<token inflected="yes">give</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="J.*|P?DT|PRP\$.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="[BI]-NP.*">
<exception regexp="yes">dumb|holy|sick|twisted</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes" chunk_re="[IE]-NP.*">fucks?</token>
</marker>
<token><exception regexp="yes">buddy|buddies|heads?|off|outta|ton|up|you</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Possible typo detected.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="fuck" regexp_replace="duck" /></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="fuck" regexp_replace="tuck" /></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="fuck" regexp_replace="buck" /></suggestion>
<example correction="duck|tuck|buck">There was a yellow rubber <marker>fuck</marker> in the bathtub.</example>
<example correction="ducks|tucks|bucks">There were some yellow rubber <marker>fucks</marker> in the bathtub.</example>
<example correction="ducks|tucks|bucks">Wouldn't @OtherMichael accuse you of cheapening the <marker>fucks</marker>?</example>
<example>Get the fuck out of my house.</example>
<example>I don't give a fuck.</example>
<example>What the fuck?!</example>
<example>The fuck is wrong with you?</example>
<example>Using more volume, less fucks given, more variation, and just went with the mentality of ‘do work’ my rowing rep strength jumped way up.</example>
<example>If I were him, I would've noped the fuck outta there real quick.</example>
<example>Then again, when your fuck up son takes a job with a Ukrainian oligarch, shit happens.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- fag -->
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1" regexp="yes">"e;</token>
<token skip="-1" regexp="yes">fags?</token>
<token regexp="yes">"e;</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="5" regexp="yes" inflected="yes">bum|get|have|scrounge|smoke</token>
<token regexp="yes">fags?</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">fags?</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Possible typo detected.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="fag" regexp_replace="rag" /></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="fag" regexp_replace="bag" /></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="fag" regexp_replace="tag" /></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="fag" regexp_replace="gag" /></suggestion>
<example correction="rag|bag|tag|gag">Could you put it in the <marker>fag</marker>, please?</example>
<example correction="rags|bags|tags|gags">These <marker>fags</marker> are very old and worn out.</example>
<example>Can I bum a fag?</example>
<example>Don't ever call gays "fags".</example>
<example>These slogans have included "God Hates Fags", "Fear God Not Fags", and "Matthew Shepard Burns In Hell".</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id='CHILDISH_LANGUAGE' name="Childish language" default="off">
<!-- Created by Tiago F. Santos, Portuguese rule, 2019-09-09 -->
<url>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_childish_terms</url>
<short>Childish language</short>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>tummy</token>
<token regexp="yes">aches?</token>
</pattern>
<message>In some contexts, '\1' may be informal or childish.</message>
<suggestion>stomach \2</suggestion>
<example correction="stomach ache">I have <marker>tummy ache</marker> because I ate too much candy.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">tummyaches?</token>
</pattern>
<message>In some contexts, '\1' is informal.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)tummy" regexp_replace="stomach " /></suggestion>
<example correction="stomach ache">I have <marker>tummyache</marker> because I ate too much candy.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<regexp>\b(?!(?-i)Dolly|Pooh|Tuppence|Willy|Injun Joe|Tootsie Rolls?)(&childish_terms;)\b</regexp>
<message>In some contexts, '\1' may be informal or childish.</message>
<example correction="">The <marker>kitty-cat</marker> is pretty.</example>
<!-- XXX usage of kitty as shared savings fund or as telnet/ssh client is very stretched, but for expedience purposes let's consider it ok -->
<example>The <marker>cat</marker> is elegant.</example>
<!--example correction="">The <marker>number one</marker> reason for this is...</example-->
<example>t has become known by many nicknames, including Dolly zoom, "Zolly," "Hitchcock Zoom," and "</example>
<example>..own for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various children's poems.</example>
<example correction="">The dog wants to <marker>pooh</marker>.</example>
<example>She threw her clothes willy-nilly into a drawer.</example>
<example>Injun Joe</example><!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tom_Sawyer_characters -->
<example>Tootsie Roll</example>
</rule>
<rule tags="picky">
<regexp>^(&childish_terms_2;)[\.,;!?]|[\.,;](&childish_terms_2;)[\.,;!?]</regexp>
<message>In some contexts, '\1' may be informal or childish.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>It's no fair!</marker></example>
<example><marker>This is unfair.</marker></example>
<example>There was no fair chance for him to win this game.</example>
<example>... the back of the Miners Exchange complex, so there is pretty good...</example>
<example>... eliminated from my country, so there is no need...</example>
<example correction=""><marker>Number one,</marker> the reason for this is...</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>&childish_terms_3;
<exception postag_regexp='yes' postag='[^N].+'/>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>In some contexts, '\1' may be informal or childish.</message>
<example correction="">Put a <marker>ticky</marker> on it.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>Bubba</token>
<token regexp="yes">Gump|Wallace|Watson|Smith|Jenkins|Sparx.*|Harris|Ray|Ho-Tep|Brooks|Wells|Paris|Phillips|Green|Dickerson|Franks|Crosby</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>Hubba</token>
<token>Bubba</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">bubbas?</token>
</pattern>
<message>In some contexts, `\1` is childish or slang language.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="(?i)ubba" regexp_replace="rother" /></suggestion>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubba</url>
<example correction="Brother">He's my <marker>Bubba</marker>.</example>
<example>Darrell Bubba Wallace Jr. is an American professional stock car racing driver.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern><!-- Popular name for a song, café, book, kindergarten -->
<token regexp="yes">Mamas?</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes">'s|&apostrophe;</token>
<token>lap</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">
mama|momsy|mommy|momma
<exception scope="next" regexp="yes">June|Dee|Cass|Africa</exception>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>In some contexts, `\1` may be informal or familiar language.</message>
<suggestion>mother</suggestion>
<suggestion>mom</suggestion>
<example correction="mother|mom">My <marker>mama</marker> is the best.</example>
<example>At Mama's Lap with the best care, we offer a warm nurturing environment.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern><!-- Popular Pizza Franchise, Musician -->
<token>papa</token>
<token regexp="yes">johns?|roach|murphy|smurf|elf</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- caught by PAPUA_NEW_GUINEA -->
<token>papa</token>
<token>new</token>
<token regexp="yes">gu.+</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- Popular Musician, spider, movie -->
<token>daddy</token>
<token regexp="yes">yankee|fox|long(legs)?|day.*</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">puff|fox|sugar|go|big|baby</token>
<token>daddy</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Papa's_Waltz -->
<token>papa</token>
<token>'s</token>
<token>waltz</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">papa|daddy</token>
</pattern>
<message>In some contexts, `\1` may be informal or familiar language.</message>
<suggestion>father</suggestion>
<suggestion>dad</suggestion>
<example><marker>Daddy</marker> Yankee is a great Reggaeton singer.</example>
<example>The rapper Puff <marker>Daddy</marker> recently changed his name to 'P Diddy'.</example>
<example correction="father|dad">My <marker>papa</marker> is the best.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern><!-- sex position, food container -->
<token regexp="yes">doggy|doggie</token>
<token regexp="yes">style|bag|positions?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- "to lie doggo" https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/doggo -->
<token inflected="yes">lie</token>
<token>doggo</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">doggie|doggy|doggo</token>
</pattern>
<message>In some contexts, '\1' may be informal.</message>
<suggestion>dog</suggestion>
<suggestion>puppy</suggestion>
<suggestion>pup</suggestion>
<example correction="dog|puppy|pup">My <marker>doggy</marker> is barking.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id='RUDE_SARCASTIC' name="Sarcasm" tags="picky">
<!-- Created by Tiago F. Santos, Portuguese rule, 2019-09-09 -->
<url>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_sarcastic_terms</url>
<rule>
<regexp>\b(&rude_sarcastic;)\b|^(&rude_sarcastic_2;)</regexp>
<message>Sarcasm can be rude. Consider alternatives.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>Are you deaf?</marker></example>
<example><marker>Please, indulge me.</marker></example>
<example correction=""><marker>You think?</marker></example>
<example>It is good to have ideals... <marker>don't you think?</marker></example>
<example type='triggers_error'>In the first sentence "a heap" means "a lot." It is colloquial and extremely informal, so be careful how you use it. You would not say "Thanks a heap" to your boss, for example. In the second sentence it also means "a lot"—even though it is used in the plural.11 de jul de 2015</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag='SENT_START'/>
<marker>
<token>Sue</token>
<token>me</token>
<token regexp='yes'>\.|!</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This expression can be rude. Consider alternatives.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>Sue me.</marker></example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="NEEDS_FIXED" name="'Needs fixed' type construction">
<antipattern>
<token>of</token>
<token>needs</token>
<token postag='VBN'/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- We wanted pixelated glory. -->
<token regexp='yes'>(needs|wants|requires|needed|wanted|required)</token>
<token postag='VBN'/>
<token chunk_re="[IB]-NP-.*" postag="JJ.*|NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="E-NP.*" postag="NNP?S|NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- It requires experienced and professional workers. -->
<token regexp='yes'>(needs|wants|requires|needed|wanted|required)</token>
<token postag='JJ'/>
<token regexp="yes">,|and|or|&</token>
<token postag='JJ'/>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp='yes'>(needs|wants|requires|needed|wanted|required)</token>
<token postag='JJ'/>
<token>,</token>
<token postag='JJ'/>
<token min="0">,</token>
<token regexp="yes">and|or|&</token>
<token postag='JJ'/>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- The required output. -->
<token postag="DT|PRP\$" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag='VBN'/>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp='yes'>(needs|wants|requires|needed|wanted|required)</token>
<token postag='JJ'/>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag='NN:.+|NNP?S'/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp='yes'>(needs|wants|requires|needed|wanted|required)</token>
<token postag='JJ'/>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="B-NP-singular" />
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag='NN:.+' chunk="E-NP-singular" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp='yes'>(needs|wants|requires|needed|wanted|required)</token>
<token postag='JJ'/>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk="B-NP-plural" />
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag='NNP?S' chunk="E-NP-plural" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp='yes'>(needs|wants|requires|needed|wanted|required)</token>
<token>weed</token><!-- tagged as VBD -->
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token chunk="E-NP-plural" postag="NNS"/>
<token postag="VBN"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>based</token>
<token>on</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">when|if</token>
<token regexp="yes">needed|required</token>
<token postag="VBN" />
<token postag="PRP_O.*|NNP" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>to</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- It requires thought. -->
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">require|need</token>
<token>thought</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- The car that Mason needs given his inability to ... -->
<token regexp="yes" skip="-1">that|which|whether|if|when</token>
<token regexp='yes'>(needs|wants|requires|needed|wanted|required)</token>
<token>given</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token regexp='yes'>(needs|wants|requires|needed|wanted|required)</token>
<marker>
<token postag='VBN'/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The double modal "\1 \2" is nonstandard (only accepted in certain dialects). Consider <suggestion>to be \2</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/5407/central-pennsylvanian-english-speakers-what-are-the-limitations-on-the-needs-w</url>
<example correction='to be fixed'>My car needs <marker>fixed</marker>.</example>
<example correction="to be painted">Tom says that his house needs <marker>painted</marker>.</example>
<example correction="to be updated">If it needs <marker>updated</marker>, please let Kelly know.</example>
<example>A set of needs described as essential.</example>
<example>I want boiled eggs.</example>
<example>Additionally, due to the high average takeoff speed of, Concorde needed upgraded brakes.</example>
<example>It appears that the RBI requires authorized dealers in India.</example>
<example>This requires sophisticated transaction screening.</example>
<example>This law overrides state regulatory rulings and laws that have required wet signatures.</example>
<example>Wildlife needs connected corridors to get around, especially as climate change pushes them out of their old habitats.</example>
<example>Disposal in place of PCBs at concentrations higher than 100 ppm requires written EPA approval.</example>
<example>...ensuring that even when needs changed, the construction of...</example>
<example>A simple spread sheet to get to the power price needed based on the value of the gas stream.</example>
<example>Testing requires trained staff, the right equipment, and the right materials...</example><!-- #2618 -->
<example>It needs synchronized stereo pairs.</example>
<example>The required output.</example>
<example>It requires experienced and professional workers.</example>
<example>We wanted pixelated glory.</example>
<example>It requires thought.</example>
<example>Man-made tin bronze technology requires set production techniques.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AN_INVITE" name="an invite (invitation)">
<pattern>
<token>an</token>
<marker>
<token>invite</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The noun <suggestion>invitation</suggestion> is usually used instead of 'invite' in formal writing.</message>
<short>Slang</short>
<example correction="invitation">Is that an <marker>invite</marker>...?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="IRREGARDLESS" name="irregardless (regardless)">
<pattern>
<token>irregardless</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Irregardless' is nonstandard. In formal style you should use <suggestion>regardless</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Regardless"><marker>Irregardless</marker> of what he says, do it!</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="SENT_START_CONJUNCTION" name="Sentence starting with 'And' or 'But'" tags="picky">
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes" skip="-1">but|and</token>
<token>:</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">but|and</token>
<token regexp="yes">no(pe)?|yes</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag='SENT_START'/>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes" skip="-1">And|But</token>
</marker>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" skip="-1" />
<token postag="SENT_END" regexp="yes">[.!?]</token>
</pattern>
<message>Starting a sentence with the conjunction '\2' may be considered poor style (unless for dramatic effect).</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/style-conjunctions/</url>
<short>Possibly bad style</short>
<!-- <example correction=""><marker>And</marker> yes, it shows a lack of style to start a sentence with 'and'.</example> -->
<example>Yes, it shows a lack of style to start a sentence with 'and'.</example>
<example correction=""><marker>But</marker> it is not a great writing style to start a sentence with 'but'.</example>
<example>It is not a great writing style to start a sentence with 'but'.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SENT_START_NUM" name="Number starting a sentence" tags="picky" default="temp_off">
<!-- XXX test and disable if false positives still remain -->
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" />
<token regexp="yes">\d\d?
<exception regexp="yes">0.*</exception>
</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token postag="V.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="SENT_END" />
<example>1 Posthumously retired.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" />
<token>1</token>
<token skip="3" postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception postag="NNP?S" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception scope="next">and</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBP" chunk="B-VP" />
<example>1 Nephi through Omni are written in first-person narrative, as are Mormon and Moroni.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes">[\d,.]+</token>
<token postag='SENT_END'/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes">\d+</token>
<token regexp='yes'>[/\.]</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d+</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes">\d+</token>
<token min='0'>.</token>
<token regexp='yes'>‐|–|\)</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token regexp="yes">\d+</token>
<token regexp="yes" spacebefore='yes'>,</token>
<token regexp="yes" spacebefore='yes'>\d+</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="3" regexp="yes">50[02]|40[0-4]</token>
<token regexp="yes">gateway|error|found|forbidden|uncaught</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern> <!-- no other digits in the sentence -->
<token skip="-1" regexp="yes">\d\d?</token>
<token regexp="yes">\d.*</token>
<example>10 take away 2 is 8.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" />
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">\d\d? <!-- only for #s 1-99 -->
<exception regexp="yes">0.*</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token skip="-1" chunk_re="[IE]-NP.*">
<exception postag_regexp='yes' postag='PCT|CD'/>
</token>
<and><!-- Don't trigger on titles nor lists -->
<token regexp='yes'>[\.\!\?]</token>
<token postag='SENT_END'/>
</and>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid numbers at the start of the sentence. Consider spelling out numbers using words or rephrasing the sentence.</message>
<suggestion><match no="2" postag="_spell_number_" case_conversion="startupper"/></suggestion>
<!-- TODO: 'Some round($number)' could be a useful rephrasing suggestion -->
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/style-writing-numbers/</url>
<short>Number starting a sentence</short>
<example correction="Twelve"><marker>12</marker> soldiers were killed!</example>
<!--<example correction="One thousand two hundred forty-three"><marker>1243</marker> soldiers were killed!</example>-->
<example><marker>12</marker> soldiers were killed</example>
<example>Twelve soldiers were killed!</example>
<example>Thousand times? I have said it more than 1000 times!</example>
<example><marker>1.</marker> Introduction</example>
<example><marker>1.-</marker> Introduction</example>
<example><marker>1.--</marker> Introduction</example>
<example><marker>1.2.</marker> Introduction</example>
<example><marker>1.3.—</marker> Introduction</example>
<example>50-30</example>
<example>25/12/2017</example>
<example>25.12.2017. At 12h00</example>
<example>1994 was the year</example>
<!--example correction=""><marker>1994</marker> was the year.</example-->
<example>2,000 new animals</example>
<example>2,000 animals were discovered last year.</example>
<example>1.) First item</example>
<example><marker>12</marker> soldiers were killed</example><!-- Title -->
<example>286 – Emperor Diocletian elevates his general Maximia...</example>
<example>1 First item:</example>
<example>1 makes it clear that she is married, and the introduction suggests her husband refused to be included in the published diaries.</example>
<example>1 High-level description:</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="HOPEFULLY" name="Word order: 'Hopefully' starting a sentence">
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<marker>
<token>hopefully</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Starting a sentence with 'hopefully' may be considered bad style.</message>
<short>Bad style</short>
<example correction=""><marker>Hopefully</marker>, this will be a great grammar checker.</example>
<example>The prisoner thought hopefully about the prospect for escape.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FOUR_NN" name="Readability: Four nouns in a row" tags="picky">
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes">[a-z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes">[a-z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes">[a-z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<example>Janus funds also cut storage software maker Veritas Software Co. , dropping nearly eight million shares in the quarter.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token><exception postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" /></token>
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<example>Your 2022 College Application Week date is 5/16/2021.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<example>Attached is a revised draft of the Employee Data Protection Policy, which is required because of directives by the European Union.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re=".*-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-VP"/>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re=".*-NP-.*"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>attention</token>
<token>deficit</token>
<token>hyperactivity</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>crime</token>
<token>scene</token>
<token>investigation</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>customer</token>
<token>lifetime</token>
<token regexp="yes">values?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- Archaic: art thou -->
<token>art</token>
<token>thou</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes" chunk="E-NP-singular">(in|de)crease</token>
<token>in</token>
<token chunk="E-NP-singular" />
<token>as</token>
<example>For example, senior and second loss tranche protection increase in value as correlation increases.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">.{4,30}
<exception regexp="yes">today|yesterday|tomorrow</exception>
<exception postag="VB.*|RB.*|MD|IN|JJ.*|CC|RP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</token>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">.{4,30}
<exception regexp="yes">today|yesterday|tomorrow</exception>
<exception postag="VB.*|RB.*|MD|IN|JJ.*|CC|RP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</token>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">.{4,30}
<exception regexp="yes">today|yesterday|tomorrow</exception>
<exception postag="VB.*|RB.*|MD|IN|JJ.*|CC|RP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</token>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">.{4,30}
<exception regexp="yes">today|yesterday|tomorrow</exception>
<exception postag="VB.*|RB.*|MD|IN|JJ.*|CC|RP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>Using four (or more) nouns in a row may decrease readability.</message>
<short>Confusing language</short>
<example correction="">BAe ATP, a British <marker>Aerospace turboprop passenger aircraft</marker> designed for the short range market.</example>
</rule>
<rule tags="picky" id="THREE_NN" name="Readability: Three nouns in a row" default="off">
<antipattern>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re=".*-NP-.*"/>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-VP"/>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re=".*-NP-.*"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes"><!-- ignore if all three are capitalized nouns, probably proper noun -->
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z].+</token>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z].+</token>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z].+</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes"><!-- ignore if first two are capitalized, probably proper noun -->
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">[a-z].*</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes"><!-- ignore if any noun is capitalized other than the first -->
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes">[a-z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" />
<example>In a sense Bhangra music is one of the few immigrant music genres of the world in that it is absent in the home country.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes"><!-- ignore if any noun is capitalized other than the first -->
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes">[a-z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes">[a-z].*</token>
<token regexp="yes" postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
<example>In the computer game Afterlife, the player controlling Heaven and Hell can eventually purchase Love Domes or Omnibulges.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>attention</token>
<token>deficit</token>
<token>hyperactivity</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>crime</token>
<token>scene</token>
<token>investigation</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>customer</token>
<token>lifetime</token>
<token regexp="yes">values?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- Archaic: art thou -->
<token>art</token>
<token>thou</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">.{4,30}
<exception regexp="yes">today|yesterday|tomorrow</exception>
<exception postag="VB.*|RB.*|MD|IN|JJ.*|CC|RP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</token>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">.{4,30}
<exception regexp="yes">today|yesterday|tomorrow</exception>
<exception postag="VB.*|RB.*|MD|IN|JJ.*|CC|RP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</token>
<token postag="NN(:.+)?" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">.{4,30}
<exception regexp="yes">today|yesterday|tomorrow</exception>
<exception postag="VB.*|RB.*|MD|IN|JJ.*|CC|RP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>Using three (or more) nouns in a row may decrease readability.</message>
<short>Possibly bad style</short>
<example correction="">I suggested that there may be some way to fix this through a <marker>price adjustment mechanism</marker> in the fixed price or volumes or through a separate indemnification in the "fee letter".</example>
<example>The security software we offer is the state-of-the-art achievement.</example>
<example>Wherefore art thou Romeo?</example>
<example>Chipmaker Micron Technology (MU,31,f2) is higher in premarket activity following news that a potential partner raised DRAM prices by 30%.</example>
<example>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a huge problem among young adults.</example>
<example>Harry Nyquist (1889–1976), developed the Nyquist stability criterion for feedback systems in the 1930s.</example>
<example>Gráinne O'Malley - 16th-century pirate queen and chieftain of the clan O'Malley, also known as Granuaile.</example>
<example>Mrs. Steinmetz Fax 33 1 42 91 68 62 and confirm in writing.</example>
<example>Sells 100000 ENRON CORP OR shares.</example>
<example>2.7 mm to 13.5 mm varifocal lens</example>
<example>The van Abbé family</example>
<example>HR industry news</example>
</rule>
<!--<rule id="THREE_NN" name="Readability: Three nouns in a row">
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes"><!-\- ignore if all three are capitalized nouns, probably proper noun -\->
<token postag="NN[^S]*" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z].+</token>
<token postag="NN[^S]*" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z].+</token>
<token postag="NN[^S]*" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z].+</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes"><!-\- ignore even if two are capitalized -\->
<token postag="NN[^S]*" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z].+</token>
<token postag="NN[^S]*" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z].+</token>
<token postag="NN[^S]*" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NN[^S]*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>.</token>
<token regexp="yes">com|org|edu</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>attention</token>
<token>deficit</token>
<token>hyperactivity</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-\- Archaic: art thou -\->
<token>art</token>
<token>thou</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="NN[^S]*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VB.*|RB.*|MD|IN|JJ.*|CC|RP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN[^S]*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VB.*|RB.*|MD|IN|JJ.*|CC|RP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token postag="NN[^S]*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception postag="VB.*|RB.*|MD|IN|JJ.*|CC|RP|DT" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Using three nouns in a row may decrease readability.</message>
<example correction="">The <marker>security protection software</marker> we offer is the state-of-the-art achievement.</example>
<example>The security software we offer is the state-of-the-art achievement.</example>
<example>Wherefore art thou Romeo?</example>
<example>Chipmaker Micron Technology (MU,31,f2) is higher in premarket activity following news that a potential partner raised DRAM prices by 30.</example>
<example>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a huge problem among young adults.</example>
<example>Bessel functions of the first kind : Jα In 1957, Ayckbourn married Christine Roland, another member of the Library Theatre company, and indeed Ayckbourn's first two plays were written jointly with her under the pseudonym of "Roland Allen".</example>
<example>MotherNature.com is the second venture backed by CMGI furniture retailer Furniture.com, announced that it's closing on Monday.</example>
<example>New York jurors who ordered online music provider MP3.com to pay nearly $300,000 to a record label for copyright infringement have told the trial they really meant was $3 million.</example>
<example>Languagetool.org is a website.</example>
</rule>-->
<rule id="POSSIBILTY_POSSIBLE" name="Style: 'possible' after 'possibility'"><!-- https://github.com/languagetool-org/languagetool/issues/540 -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token skip="-1" inflected="yes">possibility<exception scope="next">,</exception></token>
</marker>
<token>possible</token>
</pattern>
<message>Before '\2', use a word such as <suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">chance</match></suggestion> or <suggestion><match no="1" postag="NN.*">opportunity</match></suggestion>. Alternatively, keep '\1' and replace '\2'.</message>
<short>Possibly bad style</short>
<example correction="chance|opportunity">I did not have a <marker>possibility</marker> to check for possible errors.</example>
<example correction="chance|opportunity">A <marker>possibility</marker> for possible errors exist.</example>
<example correction="chances|opportunities">You should remove all <marker>possibilities</marker> for these possible errors.</example>
<example>I did not have a <marker>chance to check for possible</marker> errors.</example>
<example>I did not have a <marker>possibility to check for</marker> errors.</example>
<example>Einstein published an article in 'Physikalische Zeitschrift' that proposed the <marker>possibility</marker> of stimulated emission, the physical process that makes possible the maser and the laser.</example>
<example>There is a <marker>possible possibility</marker> that errors exist.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ALSO_SENT_END" name="'also' at the end of the sentence" default="off"><!-- https://forum.languagetool.org/t/en-delete-also-sent-end/4918 -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>also</token>
</marker>
<token>.</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Also' is not used at the end of the sentence. Use <suggestion>as well</suggestion> or <suggestion>too</suggestion> instead.</message>
<short>'Also' at the end of sentence</short>
<example>You will also buy some eggs.</example>
<example correction="as well|too">You will buy some eggs <marker>also</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ABLE_TO_PASSIVE" name="to be able to + 'passive voice'">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">be<exception regexp="yes">be(ing)?</exception></token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" />
<token>able</token>
<token>to</token>
<marker>
<token>be</token>
<token postag="VBN"></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid the passive voice after 'to be able to'.</message> <!-- no suggestion? use "can" or "could" or "solvable" -->
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/what-is-passive-voice/</url>
<short>Passive voice</short>
<example correction="">The problem was able to <marker>be solved</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="PASSIVE_VOICE" name="Passive voice" tags="picky" default="off">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/what-is-passive-voice/</url>
<short>Passive voice</short>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NN(P?|:UN?)?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token>'s</token>
<token regexp="yes">past|left</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NNPS?|PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" max="2" />
<token regexp="yes">honou?red</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token regexp="yes">required|delayed</token>
<token postag="PCT" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>much</token>
<token>appreciated</token>
<token postag="PCT" />
</antipattern>
<rule><!-- PASSIVE_VOICE[1] -->
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token>very</token>
<token postag="VBN" />
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">is|was</token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">t?here|live|well|nothing|yesterday</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN" chunk_re=".-VP"> <!--said|thought|believed|known|argued -->
<exception>put</exception><!-- As an alternative to an exception, specify the VBN words -->
</token>
</marker>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>The text seems to be in passive voice. To make the text clearer and easier to read, consider active voice.</message>
<example correction="">It <marker>is also thought</marker> that tests are satisfactory.</example>
<example correction="">On 31 May 2013, it <marker>was announced</marker> that Andorra intended to legislate for the...</example>
<example correction="">While it <marker>was previously thought</marker> that the heavier alkali metals also...</example>
<example correction="">While it <marker>was not always generally thought</marker> that the the tests are...</example>
<example correction="">It <marker>is long known</marker> that aquifers in areas as diverse as northern...</example>
<example correction="">...guests made the confusion indescribable when it <marker>was found</marker> that scarcely anything of the costly building...</example>
<example correction="">It <marker>is disambiguated</marker> that text.</example><!-- Possibly, change the VBN token to permit only words such as thought/said -->
<example><marker>We think that</marker> tests are satisfactory.</example>
<example><marker>It is possible that</marker> the sky is blue.</example><!-- Not passive voice. 'Possible' is not a past participle verb. -->
<example><marker>It are</marker> thought that the sky is blue.</example><!-- Do not give a suggestion for incorrect grammar. -->
<example>When it was put <marker>that clearly</marker>, I was at a loss for a response.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- Passive infinitive (1/2): www.ef.co.uk/english-resources/english-grammar/passive-infinitive/ - PASSIVE_VOICE[2] -->
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token>very</token>
<token postag="VBN" />
<token>to</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token skip="1" inflected="yes">be</token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">t?here|live|well|nothing|yesterday|n?either</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN"/> <!-- said, known, believed, thought, etc. -->
</marker>
<token>to</token>
<token>have</token>
<token min="0" max="2" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">t?here|live|well|very|nothing|yesterday</exception>
</token>
<token>been</token>
</pattern>
<message>The text seems to be passive voice. To make the text clearer and easier to read, you can often use the active voice.</message>
<example correction="">He <marker>is said</marker> to have been happy.</example>
<example correction="">He <marker>is said</marker> to have not always been happy.</example>
<example correction="">He <marker>is not thought</marker> to have been happy.</example>
<example correction="">He <marker>was not generally thought</marker> to have been happy.</example>
<example correction="">... by a litigation-funded study that has since <marker>been shown</marker> to have been 'an elaborate fraud'.</example>
<example correction="">Cult films have <marker>been falsely claimed</marker> to have been banned to increase their...</example>
<example correction="">Such mixtures <marker>are commonly thought</marker> to have first been prepared by Indian merchants for sale to...</example>
<example><marker>People said</marker> that he was happy.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- Passive infinitive (2/2) <!- PASSIVE_VOICE[3] -> -->
<antipattern><!-- https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/rules-are-made-to-be-broken -->
<token regexp="yes">rules?|promises?</token>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB"/>
<token>made</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token>very</token>
<token postag="VBN" />
<token>to</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">t?here|live|well|nothing|yesterday|n?either</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN"> <!-- said, known, believed, thought, etc. -->
<exception regexp="yes">bound|interested|meant|pleased|delighted|supposed</exception>
<exception postag="JJ"/><!-- VBN_VBD removes JJ in "She was pleased to be treated. Cannot use raw_pos in the pattern, because the rule then does not find "were not usually considered. -->
</token>
</marker>
<token>to</token>
<token>be</token>
</pattern>
<message>The text seems to be passive voice. To make the text clearer and easier to read, you can often use the active voice.</message>
<example correction="">He <marker>is said</marker> to be happy.</example>
<example correction="">They <marker>were not usually considered</marker> to be satisfactory.</example>
<example correction="">... forming the negative hydride ion, and <marker>is very occasionally considered</marker> to be a halogen on that basis.</example>
<example correction="">Premature births and stillbirths <marker>are generally not considered</marker> to be miscarriages although...</example>
<example correction="">The complexity of an algorithm <marker>is usually taken</marker> to be its worst-case complexity, unless specified ...</example>
<example><marker>People say</marker> that he is happy.</example>
<example>Let's find out what time we're supposed to be there.</example><!-- www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/be-supposed-to-do-something -->
<example>Rules are made to be broken.</example>
<example>There's got to be another way.</example>
<example>That's got to be a good sign.</example>
<example>But serious music was never meant to be soporific.</example><!-- www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/be-meant-to -->
<example>The aggressors are bound to be defeated.</example><!-- www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/be-bound-to -->
<example>She was <marker>pleased</marker> to be treated as a guest.</example><!-- Can parse 'pleased' as an adjective. Compare: She was happy to be treated... VBN_VBD removes JJ-->
<example>He is <marker>very confused</marker> to be in this situation.</example>
<example>He also is interested to be a Muslim.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- PASSIVE_VOICE[4] -->
<pattern>
<token skip="-1" regexp="yes" inflected="yes">advise|insist|propose|recommend|suggest</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="MD"/><!-- Without the modal verb, the sentence is subjunctive: https://www.lexico.com/grammar/#when-to-use-the-subjunctive -->
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">here|nothing|yesterday</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token>be</token>
<token postag="VBN"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The text seems to be passive voice. To make the text clearer and easier to read, you can often use the active voice.</message>
<example correction="">He insisted that red should <marker>be used</marker> by the designers.</example>
<example correction="">She suggests the designers might not always <marker>be considered</marker> the experts (by the managers), and that other people have much to offer.</example>
<example>He insisted that the designers <marker>should use</marker> red.</example>
<example>If he insists that red <marker>be used</marker>, then use red.</example><!-- Subjunctive -->
</rule>
<rule><!-- PASSIVE_VOICE[5] -->
<pattern> <!-- future perfect tense -->
<token skip="1" regexp="yes">will|shall</token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">t?here|live|well|very|nothing|yesterday|n?either</exception>
</token>
<token>have</token>
<marker>
<token>been</token>
<token postag="VBN">
<exception regexp="yes">bound|married|meant|pleased|supposed</exception>
<exception postag="JJ"/>
</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The text seems to be passive voice. To make the text clearer and easier to read, you can often use the active voice.</message>
<example correction="">By now, the work will have <marker>been completed</marker> by the engineers.</example>
<example correction="">Her work will not have <marker>been finished</marker> by tonight.</example>
<example correction="">Are you sure the carpets will not already have <marker>been cleaned</marker>?</example>
<example>By now, the engineers <marker>will have completed</marker> the work.</example>
<example>I think she will have been pleased by the admiration she received.</example>
<example>We will have been married for ten years on this day next week.</example><!-- VBN_VBD removes JJ -->
</rule>
<rule><!-- PASSIVE_VOICE[6] -->
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token>left</token>
<token>standing</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">are|were</token>
<token min="0" max="2" postag="RB" />
<token chunk="B-NP-plural" />
<token chunk_re="[EI]-NP-plural" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">are|were</token>
<token min="0" max="2" postag="RB" />
<token postag="JJ" />
<token postag="NNP?S" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB" />
<token chunk_re=".-ADJP" postag="VBN">
<exception regexp="yes">used|pasted</exception>
</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- This tradition is bullshit. -->
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token chunk_re=".-NP.*" postag="VBN" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token>very</token>
<token postag="VBN" />
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes">be<exception postag="POS"/></token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">t?here|live|well|nothing|yesterday|n?either</exception>
</token>
<token min="0" max="1">being</token>
<token postag="VBN"><exception regexp="yes">¬passive;|Wed|Sat</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The text seems to be passive voice. To make the text clearer and easier to read, you can often use the active voice.</message>
<example correction="">A cake <marker>is being baked</marker> by him.</example>
<example correction="">Tests <marker>are also usually being done</marker> during the night.</example>
<example correction="">Those engineers <marker>were unfortunately not actually being considered</marker> by management for the project.</example>
<example correction="">Instruments <marker>are played</marker> by her.</example>
<example correction="">Instruments <marker>were played</marker> in most cultures.</example>
<example correction="">Instruments <marker>are not always played</marker> well.</example>
<example correction="">John <marker>was given</marker> a very large book with a green cover by her.</example>
<example correction="">The mined ore <marker>is washed</marker>, crushed, classified, and separated from quartz.</example>
<example correction="">... fried meat and fried cheese <marker>are very often eaten</marker> for lunch and served in most typical restaurants.</example>
<example correction="">Many of Earth's contemporary religions <marker>are shown</marker> to still exist</example>
<example correction="">My preparations <marker>are already made</marker>—a sword and a cloak, and a bold heart and a determined hand.</example>
<example>He <marker>is baking</marker> a cake.</example>
<example>Tom and Mary were drunk and they both said some things they shouldn't have.</example>
<example>One throws a right-handed boomerang with the wind on one's left cheek.</example>
<example>The "left hand opponent" is the player to one's left who cannot defend on the right.</example>
<example>It's no use thinking about one's lost youth.</example>
<example>One who listens to one's recorded voice has the sensation of listening to a stranger.</example>
<example>Fadil's past quickly caught up.</example>
<example>The students are bored.</example>
<example>Many criminals in America are addicted to drugs.</example>
<example>The deadline for advance questions is Wed., Sept. 27.</example>
<example>It looks like Tom is absolutely disgusted.</example>
<example>This tradition is bullshit.</example>
<example>Nutella is not very well known in Japan.</example>
<example>Almost all buses on national routes are air-conditioned and offer pleasant travelling comfort.</example>
<example>Spelling rules in English are supposed to bring some order, but often carry a multitude of inconsistencies and exceptions.</example>
<example>Word is left standing in these areas.</example>
<example>Our problems are nothing compared to hers.</example>
<example>Didn't you know that Tom and Mary are extremely gifted artists?</example>
<example>The previous error analysis isn’t lost.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- PASSIVE_VOICE[7] -->
<antipattern>
<token>been</token>
<token chunk="B-NP-plural" />
<token chunk_re="[EI]-NP-plural" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>been</token>
<token postag="JJ" />
<token postag="NNP?S" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">have</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">here|live|nothing|yesterday|n?either</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token>been</token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">t?here|live|well|very|nothing|yesterday|n?either</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN" chunk_re=".-VP"><exception regexp="yes">¬passive;</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The text seems to be passive voice. To make the text clearer and easier to read, you can often use the active voice.</message>
<example correction="">We have <marker>been warned</marker> about the strong winds on the coast.</example>
<example correction="">All of these have <marker>been absorbed</marker> into the mestiço population.</example>
<example>What little money I had was stolen.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup> <!-- end passive voice rule -->
<rule id="OCCASION_TRANSITIVE_VERB_VERY_FORMAL" name="transitive verb 'occasion' is very formal" tags="picky">
<antipattern>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes" inflected="yes">occasion</token>
</antipattern>
<!-- Avoids false positives caused by the VBZNNS_NNS or VBZNNS_DT_NN disambiguator
incorrectly returning only VBZ for 'occasions'. See the set of examples marked (*) below. -->
<antipattern>
<token>on</token>
<token postag="JJ|CD|RB" postag_regexp="yes" min="0" max="3" />
<token inflected="yes">occasion</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>of</token>
<token>occasions</token>
</antipattern>
<!-- Not a false positive, but a somewhat common collocation in legalistic usage -->
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1" postag="SENT_START"/>
<token skip="-1" regexp="yes">assault|bodily|harm</token>
<token postag="SENT_END"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker><token postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes" inflected="yes">occasion</token></marker>
</pattern>
<message>The transitive verb "<match no="1" />" is a very formal word choice. Consider a more common synonym.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">cause</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">induce</match></suggestion>
<!-- Informational data showing usage in decline since 1800:
https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=caused+by%2Coccasioned+by%2Cinduced+by%2Cbrought+about+by%2Cinfluenced+by%2Cprovoked+by&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Ccaused%20by%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Coccasioned%20by%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cinduced%20by%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cbrought%20about%20by%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cinfluenced%20by%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cprovoked%20by%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Ccaused%20by%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Coccasioned%20by%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cinduced%20by%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cbrought%20about%20by%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cinfluenced%20by%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cprovoked%20by%3B%2Cc0 -->
<url>https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/occasion#cald4-us-2</url>
<example correction="caused|induced">The concert <marker>occasioned</marker> a riot.</example>
<example correction="caused|induced">It was <marker>occasioned</marker> by it.</example>
<example correction="cause|induce">It can be used to <marker>occasion</marker> it.</example>
<example>I enjoyed the occasion by the way.</example>
<example>I enjoy it on occasion.</example>
<example>The people I see on rare occasions are here.</example>
<!-- no disambiguator. both NNS/VBZ: -->
<example>On occasions, things happen.</example>
<example>On occasions some things happen.</example>
<!-- DT_VB_NN disambiguator returns NNS: -->
<example>On some occasions things happen.</example>
<!-- (*) VBZNNS_NNS disambiguator returns VBZ: -->
<example>On occasions things happen.</example>
<example>On two occasions things happen.</example>
<example>On random occasions things happen.</example>
<example>On very few occasions things happen.</example>
<!-- (*) VBZNNS_DT_NN disambiguator returns VBZ: -->
<example>On a number of occasions the thing happens.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="ADVERB_WORD_ORDER_10_TEMP" name="Word order: Wrong position of adverb, e.g. 'Always I am happy. (I am always happy.)'" default="off">
<url>http://faculty.washington.edu/marynell/grammar/AdverbPl.html</url>
<antipattern><!-- www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/never%20again and www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/never-again and http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv34.shtml -->
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>Never</token>
<token regexp="yes">again|before</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/never+in+my+life-->
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>Never</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>my</token>
<token>life</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/hardly -->
<token>hardly</token>
<token regexp="yes">any(one|thing)?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/hardly -->
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>Hardly</token>
<token>a</token>
<token regexp="yes">day|week|month|year</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/now_or_never -->
<token>now</token>
<token>or</token>
<token>never</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/better_late_than_never -->
<token>better</token>
<token>late</token>
<token>than</token>
<token>never</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/never_say_die / https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/never%20say%20never -->
<token>never</token>
<token>say</token>
<token regexp="yes">never|die</token>
</antipattern>
<rule><!--10-->
<antipattern><!-- #2769 always had water; always had sleep paralysis -->
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token inflected="yes">have</token>
<token min="0" chunk="B-NP-singular" postag="NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token chunk="E-NP-singular" postag="NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #2769 "always had trouble" -->
<token regexp="yes">['‘"“]</token>
<token/>
<token inflected="yes">have</token>
<token>trouble</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’"”]</token>
</antipattern>
<!-- Set phrases -->
<antipattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>always</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>more</token>
<token regexp="yes">rarely|often</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>all</token>
<token>too</token>
<token>often</token>
</antipattern>
<!-- Polyptoton (e.g. You are and always will be) -->
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token min="0" postag="PRP" />
<token regexp="yes">always|never</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token postag="MD" />
<token postag="VB[DPZ]?" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes" inflected="yes">have|be</token>
<token postag="VBN?|SENT_END" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<!-- never + emphatic modals (mainly should/could/would) is an exception:
https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/26307/may-i-say-she-never-would-be-or-it-should-it-be-she-would-never-be -->
<antipattern>
<token>never</token>
<token regexp="yes">should|could|would</token>
<token postag="VB[DPZ]?" postag_regexp="yes"><exception>be</exception></token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>
<exception postag="MD" />
<exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">have|be</exception>
<exception>almost</exception><!-- don't correct e.g. 'almost always will' to 'almost will always'-->
</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">have|be|can|could|will|would|shall|should|may|might|must
<!-- These adverbs usually precede 'cannot' (e.g. 'often cannot'); only 'cannot always' is common -->
<exception>cannot</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VB[DPZ]?" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception postag="JJ.*|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\2' is usually put between '\3' and '\4'.</message>
<suggestion>\3 \2 \4</suggestion>
<example>They <marker>usually have</marker> long hind limbs.</example>
<example>... Patricia <marker>always had treats</marker> available at the back door...</example>
<example>When I was a child, I always had water with my meals.</example><!-- #2769 -->
<example>Sami always had sleep paralysis as a kid.</example>
<example>She always had trouble with adverbs.</example><!-- #2769 -->
<example>The phrase “always had trouble”, is perfect English, and I always have trouble with LT...</example><!-- #2769 -->
<example correction="will always love">I <marker>always will love</marker> you.</example>
<example correction="will never trouble">I <marker>never will trouble</marker> you again.</example>
<example>It has been removed from the server and should never be run there.</example>
<example>The false positive has been removed from the rule and should never be a problem again.</example>
<example>The false positive has been removed from the rule and should never have been a problem.</example>
<example>The false positive has been removed from the rule and should have never been a problem.</example>
<example>The false positive has been removed from the rule and never should have been a problem.</example>
<example correction="should never be">You <marker>never should be</marker> feeling sad.</example>
<example>You should never be feeling sad.</example>
<example>And you probably never will be.</example>
<example>I never would have tried that.</example>
<example>I never could have done it without you.</example>
<example>I should have never been going 100 mph.</example>
<example>I should never have been going 100 mph.</example>
<example>I never should have been going 100 mph.</example>
<example>I never should've been going 100 mph.</example>
<example correction="would often have">He <marker>often would have</marker> responsibility.</example>
<example>He often would've done it.</example><!-- TODO? -->
<example correction="could sometimes do">He <marker>sometimes could do</marker> it.</example>
<example correction="would usually do">I do it like he <marker>usually would do</marker> it.</example>
<example>I do it like he usually would.</example>
<!-- Exceptions for 'cannot' -->
<example>You cannot always tell</example>
<example>You often cannot tell whether it refers to a telephone</example>
<example>They usually cannot filter out meaningful or appropriate anagrams</example>
<example>They usually cannot prevent all the subordinates</example>
<!-- Examples of polyptoton with 'and' -->
<example>I have been and always shall be your friend.</example>
<example>We are, and always will be, the United States of America.</example>
<example>This is and always will be a bad idea.</example>
<example>The universe was, is and always will be, infinite.</example>
<example>We are bound, and always will be, to try and get the best price.</example>
<example>I love you and always will love you.</example>
<example>You always have been and you always will be</example>
<example>The human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential.</example>
<example>A true democracy has never existed, and never will exist.</example>
<example>America is not – and never will be – at war with Islam.</example>
<example>They are not and never will be attracted to them.</example>
<example>They have and always will be compared to one another.</example>
<example>Pleasure can and always will be derived from</example>
<example>I do not and never will feed my dog raw fish.</example>
<example>I don't and never will feed my dog raw fish.</example>
<example>she's never known or never will meet</example>
<!-- Set phrases: as always, almost always, all too often, more rarely -->
<example>I disagree but as always would appreciate your thoughts</example>
<example>It almost always can be</example>
<example>It almost always can be rewritten.</example>
<example>She is caring, especially for Boxer, who all too often will push himself too hard.</example>
<example>or more rarely may result from</example><!-- should probably be: or, more rarely, -->
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="ADVERB_WORD_ORDER" name="Word order: Wrong position of adverb, e.g. 'Always I am happy. (I am always happy.)'">
<url>https://staff.washington.edu/marynell/grammar/AdverbPl.html</url>
<short>Order of adverbs</short>
<antipattern><!-- www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/never%20again and www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/never-again and http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv34.shtml -->
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>Never</token>
<token regexp="yes">again|before</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/never+in+my+life-->
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>Never</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>my</token>
<token>life</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/hardly -->
<token>hardly</token>
<token regexp="yes">any(one|thing)?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/hardly -->
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>Hardly</token>
<token>a</token>
<token regexp="yes">day|week|month|year</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/now_or_never -->
<token>now</token>
<token>or</token>
<token>never</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/better_late_than_never -->
<token>better</token>
<token>late</token>
<token>than</token>
<token>never</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://www.lexico.com/definition/never_say_die / https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/never%20say%20never -->
<token>never</token>
<token>say</token>
<token regexp="yes">never|die</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">often|never|rarely</token>
<token>enough</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>often</token>
<token>but</token>
<token>seldom</token>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/> <!-- or but -->
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">Always|Ever|Hardly|Never|Rarely|Seldom</token>
</marker>
<token min="0" max="1">,</token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="PRP_S.*"/><!-- #5389 -->
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\2' is usually not used at the beginning of a sentence if a subject pronoun comes after it.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>Always</marker> I am happy.</example>
<example correction=""><marker>Always</marker> I hid who I really was.</example>
<example correction=""><marker>Always</marker>, he was serious.</example>
<example correction=""><marker>Ever</marker> it was thus.</example>
<example>I am <marker>always</marker> happy.</example>
<example><marker>Always</marker> wear your helmet.</example>
<example><marker>Always</marker> late, is he?</example>
<example>Hardly.</example>
<example><marker>Never again</marker> would she want to live there.</example>
<example><marker>Never before</marker> have we had such a strong longing for peace.</example>
<example><marker>Never in my life</marker> have I heard or seen such a thing.</example>
<example><marker>Hardly a day</marker> passes when I don't think of you.</example>
<example><marker>Hardly anyone</marker> writes to me these days.</example>
<example>Never too much of anything.</example>
<example>Never say never</example>
<example>Always and forever, I'm yours.</example>
<example>Always save your best ideas to last.</example>
<example>Always someone there to remind me.</example>
<example>Always the centre of attention, she hated to be ignored.</example>
<example>Always, no problem.</example>
<example>Always worse, never better.</example>
<example>Always when I can.</example>
<example>"Am I avoiding you? Never!"</example>
<example>Never in one place for long, I decided to leave the city tomorrow.</example>
<example>Never, ever, do that again!</example>
<example>Never actually tried that.</example>
<example>Never once has this occurred in all the time I've been here.</example>
<example>Hardly the meeting had begun when it was adjourned.</example>
<example>Hardly B2C agents, in my opinion.</example>
<example>Hardly anybody's busy today.</example>
<example>Rarely, if ever, do these flowers bloom so early in the year.</example>
<example>Rarely, small asteroids passing close to Earth may be visible to the naked eye for a short time.</example>
<example><marker>Ever since</marker> Portugal handed over sovereignty</example>
<example>It was <marker>ever</marker> thus.</example>
<example>EVER TO MAKE OUR VOICES HEARD.</example>
<example>Ever really want someone to wake you up from a bad dream...</example>
<example>Ever louder voices of protest drowned out his speech.</example>
<example>Ever the organizer, Reggie separates his Skittles into groupings of the same flavor before he eats them.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern><!-- I was just bugging like always. -->
<token regexp="yes">as|like</token>
<token>always</token>
<token postag="SENT_END"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="PRP_S.*"/><!-- #5389 -->
<token chunk="B-VP" postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB[PZD]?"/>
<token min="0" max="4" postag_regexp="yes" postag="JJ.*|RB|NN.*|DT"/>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|seldom</token><!-- #3091 removed 'rarely' -->
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END" regexp="yes">\p{P}</token><!-- Punctuation character -->
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\2' is usually not used at the end of a sentence if refers to a subject pronoun that comes before it.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/grammar-have-never-or-never-have/</url>
<example correction="">I am happy <marker>always</marker>.</example>
<example correction="">Whatever the majority want in terms of dinner is fine with me, though I prefer cheaper <marker>always</marker>.</example>
<example correction="">She prefers expensive meals <marker>never</marker>.</example>
<example>I am <marker>always</marker> happy.</example>
<example>The band emerged triumphant, <marker>as always</marker>.</example>
<example>It's <marker>now or never</marker>.</example>
<example>... but <marker>better late than never</marker>.</example>
<example>No closing punctuation: He wanted to do it but it never happened</example><!-- #2008 -->
<example>It was an event that occurred <marker>only rarely</marker>.</example><!-- #3091-->
<example>Never.</example>
<example>I've seen it... rarely.</example><!-- #3091-->
<example>We did that task relatively rarely.</example><!-- #3091 -->
<example>Do they do it frequently or rarely?</example><!-- #3091 -->
<example>THANK YOU ALWAYS.</example>
<example>In Display summary place a bullet in Always.</example>
<example>The Beautiful Moment – The Official Clive Barker Website for All Ages – For younger readers – features Abarat and The Thief of Always.</example>
<example>In winter always.</example>
<example>You'll be in my heart today and always.</example>
<example>Almost always.</example>
<example>I need to see you, and to see you again, and to see you always.</example>
<example>You're the man of my life and I want to make you happy always.</example>
<example>Cinderella took them up, and, as she embraced them, said that she forgave them with all her heart, and begged them to love her always.</example>
<example>I hope your Guardian Angel watches over you always.</example>
<example>I'll love you always.</example>
<example>I'll support you today and always.</example>
<example>Not hardly.</example>
<example>No, but going as soon as I can save $5000, so never.</example>
<example>Well, I never!</example>
<example>If I fail, you will see me again soon, or never.</example>
<example>Forwards always, backwards never.</example>
<example>The Swabians at 40 years old, are clever, and all of the others become so never.</example>
<example>Probably never.</example>
<example>We drink too much, smoke too much, spend too recklessly, laugh too little, drive too fast, get too angry, stay up too late, get up too tired, read too little, watch TV too much, and pray too seldom.</example>
<example>Never, or at least very seldom.</example>
<example>Victoria and Albert Museum Conservation Journal He still came to me from time to time when he desired a companion in his investigation, but these occasions grew more and more seldom.</example>
<example>It's only three weeks since she came, and it seems as if she'd been here always.</example>
<example>For certain, the Angels you are receiving will guide your way now and always.</example>
<example>It's not spooky because he promised, I'll be with you always.</example>
<example>I am with you always.</example>
<example>I was just bugging like always.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>how</token>
<token>often</token>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 Always being honest / Hardly was the -->
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token/>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>only</token>
<token regexp="yes">rarely|seldom|sometimes</token>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #1810 He'd never been responsible -->
<token postag="PRP"/>
<token regexp="yes">&apostrophe;</token>
<token>d</token>
<token min="1" max="2" postag="RB"/>
<token>been</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 will not always be -->
<token postag="MD"/>
<token postag="RB"/>
<token postag="RB"/>
<token>be</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 always be honest -->
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="SENT_START|PCT"/>
<token regexp="yes">always|never</token>
<token>be</token>
<token chunk_re="B-ADJP|B-NP-.*"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" skip="-1">
<exception scope="next" postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB.*|MD"/>
</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" inflected="yes">be
<exception regexp="yes">been|bein[g']</exception><!-- #5389 -->
</token>
</marker>
<token>
<exception postag_regexp="yes" postag="SENT_END|PCT"/>
<exception>n't</exception>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\2' usually goes after the verb '\3'.</message>
<suggestion>\3 \2</suggestion>
<example correction="am sometimes">I <marker>sometimes am</marker> happy.</example>
<example correction="are often">Appearances <marker>often are</marker> deceiving.</example>
<example correction="was rarely">George <marker>rarely was</marker> visited by his family.</example>
<example correction="is usually">The radius of curvature <marker>usually is</marker> taken as positive.</example>
<example correction="was always">My rule <marker>always was</marker> to do the business of the day in the day.</example>
<example correction="is often">This substance, the "alabaster" of the Ancient Egyptians and Bible, <marker>often is</marker> termed Oriental alabaster, since the early examples came from the Far East.</example>
<example>I <marker>am sometimes</marker> happy.</example>
<example>Although they can <marker>sometimes</marker> be found.</example>
<example>How <marker>often are</marker> feeling lonely?</example>
<example>They always are.</example>
<example>I'd never be able to afford to buy a house on Park Street.</example>
<example>Never be afraid of monsters!</example>
<example>Only rarely is the reader drawn directly into the ...</example>
<example>Tom's advice often isn't very good.</example>
<example>He'd never been responsible for this mess.</example><!-- #1810 -->
<example>Although I'd often been responsible for our office parties, I decided not to arrange one this year.</example><!-- #1810 -->
<example>Since she'd not often been to Paris, she didn't know it very well.</example><!-- #1810 -->
<example>Hardly was the door shut when Mrs. Challenger darted out from the dining-room.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>Never were finer women or more accomplished men seen in any Court.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>Never been but heard it's beautiful.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>Never being discouraged is the secret to my success.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>Always being honest is no easy thing.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>Sometimes being overcautious in planning could upset the apple cart.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>Haru's always been like that; he's very kind at heart.</example><!-- #5389 been/I-ADJP] -->
<example>Dear children, always be honest!</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>Compaq's just always been there, providing software and actual computers to help the nonprofit arts organizations.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>Undoubtedly, always being there to help was a contributory factor to her exhaustion.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>My situation's rarely been very comfortable.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>Nevertheless, sometimes being a failure cannot be avoided.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>Instead of the meetings always being held in London, they would rotate across the membership.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>What a kind and thoughtful man you always are, Vince.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>"I always am, aren't I?"</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example type="triggers_error">The present will not always be the future.</example><!-- #5389. FP caused by #5529 -->
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>it</token>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token regexp="yes">is|was</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://github.com/languagetool-org/languagetool/issues/1175 -->
<token regexp="yes">I|you|we|they</token>
<token regexp="yes">always|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token regexp="yes">am|are|were</token>
<token postag="SENT_END"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>always</token>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token postag="SENT_END" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 Hasn't it always been this way? -->
<token skip="-1" inflected="yes">be</token>
<token>?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 let's always be -->
<token>let</token>
<token postag="PRP">'s</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 May you always be [https://www.lexico.com/definition/may] -->
<token postag="MD">may</token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="PRP_S.*"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 's the way it always is -->
<token regexp="yes">'s|is|was</token>
<token chunk="B-NP-singular"/>
<token min="0" max="6" chunk="I-NP-singular"/>
<token chunk="E-NP-singular"/>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<token/>
<token regexp="yes">is|was</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 As busy as they always are -->
<token>as</token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="JJ|RB"/>
<token>as</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="PRP">
<exception postag_regexp="yes" postag="PRP_R.*"/><!-- #5389 -->
</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token inflected="yes">be
<exception regexp="yes">bein[g']</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token>
<exception postag_regexp="yes" postag="SENT_END|UNKNOWN|PCT|TO"/>
<exception regexp="yes">not|n't</exception>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\2' is usually put after the verb '\3'.</message>
<suggestion>\3 \2</suggestion>
<example correction="am sometimes">I am here and I <marker>sometimes am</marker> happy.</example>
<example correction="are always">The times I saw her <marker>always are</marker> in my mind.</example>
<example correction="were seldom">... because they <marker>seldom were</marker> on time.</example>
<example correction="is always">It <marker>always is</marker> the same problem with you.</example>
<example>When it's valid (as it <marker>usually is</marker>), there's no problem.</example>
<example>They always are.</example>
<example>It often wasn't worth the Army's time to dispute this claim.</example>
<example>Hasn't it always been this way?</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>"Why have I never been told?" she asked.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>When you do this yourself always be careful.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>Let's always be friends.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>Let's usually are expensive in London.</example><!-- #5389. Should be 'Lets' (#5522) -->
<example>I'm not as tired as I usually am by this time of day.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>As busy as they always are they are a pleasure to deal with.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>But, that's the way it always is over here.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>I am taking a couple of friends from work, so it should be a good time (it always is).</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>"I had," said he, "come to an entirely erroneous conclusion which shows, my dear Watson, how dangerous it always is to reason from insufficient data."</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>It involves the creation of objects where the practical considerations of use are essential—in a way that they usually are not in a painting, for example.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>Other researchers have added to the model, resulting in it often being referred to as the "Boston-Neoclassical Model".</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>I found her rarely being truly honest with me.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>May you always be happy!</example><!-- #5389 -->
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|have|will</token>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB[NG]"><exception negate_pos="yes" postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
</marker>
<token>
<exception postag_regexp="yes" postag="SENT_END|TO"/>
<exception>enough</exception>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\4' is usually put between '\1' and '\2'.</message>
<suggestion>\1 \4 \2 \3</suggestion>
<example correction="have often been seen">They <marker>have been seen often</marker> together.</example>
<example correction="has often been mentioned">One name that <marker>has been mentioned often</marker> is retired Congressman Tom Ewing.</example>
<example>They <marker>have often been seen</marker> together.</example>
<example>We hope this method is being called often enough to cancel daemon processes smoothly</example>
<example>Tom has been told never to do that.</example><!-- #5389 ['never been told to' has a different meaning to 'been told never to' -->
<example>The children had been told always to say 'please'.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>The children will be reminded always to brush their teeth before they go to bed.</example><!-- #5389 -->
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">could|should|can</token>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token>have</token>
<token>been</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 have been and always will be -->
<token>been</token>
<token>and</token>
<token/>
<token>will</token>
<token>be</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|have|will</token>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
</marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB[NG]"><exception negate_pos="yes" postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\1' is usually put between '\2' and '\3'.</message>
<suggestion>\2 \1 \3</suggestion>
<example correction="have often been">They <marker>often have been</marker> seen together.</example>
<example correction="will often be">... must receive permission from the copyright holder to use this work, and <marker>often will be</marker> asked to pay for the use of copyrighted material.</example>
<!-- <example correction="have often been">She <marker>often</marker> has been late.</example> TODO -->
<example>They have <marker>often been seen</marker> together.</example>
<example>Those women should never have been hired.</example>
<example>These rules have been and always will be observed.</example><!-- #5389 -->
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|have|will<exception postag="VBG"/></token>
<token inflected="yes">be<exception>art</exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
</marker>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB[NG]"><exception negate_pos="yes" postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\3' is usually put between '\1' and '\2'.</message>
<suggestion>\1 \3 \2</suggestion>
<example>The human being <marker>is often</marker> regarded as</example>
<example>They <marker>have often</marker> been seen together.</example>
<example correction="have often been">They <marker>have been often</marker> seen together.</example>
<!-- <example correction="have often been">He has been <marker>often</marker> late.</example> TODO -->
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern><!-- reported speech -->
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">say|cry|sing|yell</token>
<and>
<token regexp="yes">always|never</token>
<token postag="SENT_END"/>
</and>
<example>To get in bed with a man who says never</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- Phrasal verbs -->
<token chunk_re=".-VP"/>
<token postag="RP"/>
<token postag="RB"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- 'promise never to' does not mean 'never promise to' -->
<token regexp="yes">always|never</token>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="VBP?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 I know [that] sometimes you -->
<token regexp="yes">I|you|we|they</token>
<token postag="VBP?" postag_regexp="yes" regexp="yes">know|think</token><!-- Not: I go often -->
<token postag="RB"/>
<token chunk_re="B-NP-.*"/><!-- Not: Do you think often about the future? -->
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 reads often and walks often -->
<token postag="VB[PZD]?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="RB"/>
<token regexp="yes">and|or</token>
<token postag="VB[PZD]?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="RB"><match no="1"/></token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 whenever people spoke hardly of -->
<token postag="WRB"/>
<token postag="NNS"/>
<token postag="VB[PD]?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="RB"/>
<token postag="IN"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 doesn't happen often enough / did not meet often as / do not fly often due to -->
<token inflected="yes">do</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token postag="VBP?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="RB"/>
<token>
<exception postag="TO"/><!-- Not: I don't go always to the market -->
</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 real crowded sometimes -->
<token>real</token><!-- www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/real -->
<token postag="VBN|JJ" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="RB"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/never%20again -->
<token>never</token>
<token>again</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 appear rarely, if ever -->
<token chunk_re=".-VP"/>
<token postag="RB"/>
<token min="0" max="1">,</token>
<token>if</token>
<token>ever</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 said never and -->
<token chunk_re=".-VP" inflected="yes">say</token>
<token postag="RB"/>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="CC|PCT"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 what users want often can -->
<token chunk_re=".-VP"/>
<token postag="RB"/>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" postag="MD"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 conducted often fatal human experiments -->
<token chunk_re=".-VP"/>
<token chunk="B-NP-plural" postag="RB"/>
<token min="1" max="6" chunk="I-NP-plural"/>
<token chunk="E-NP-plural" postag="NNS"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #5389 should not happen often -->
<token postag="MD"/>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" postag="VBP?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="RB"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>
<exception postag="TO">to</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" postag="VB[DPZ]?" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">have|be|will|mean</exception>
<exception postag_regexp="yes" postag="MD|RB|IN"/><!-- #5389 -->
</token>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
</marker>
<token>
<exception postag="VB.*|SENT_END" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\3' is usually put before the verb '\2'.</message>
<suggestion>\3 \2</suggestion>
<example correction="always love">I will <marker>love always</marker> you.</example>
<example correction="often go">I <marker>go often</marker> to bed before midnight.</example>
<example correction="often appears">... is called the Boltzmann factor and <marker>appears often</marker> in the study of physics and chemistry.</example>
<example correction="sometimes appears">AmE <marker>appears sometimes</marker> to use the BrE form.</example>
<example correction="rarely come">Chances <marker>come rarely</marker> in any case.</example>
<example correction="sometimes served">in their capacity as market superintendents, they <marker>served sometimes</marker> as judges in mercantile affairs.</example>
<example correction="usually came">The desire, or the need, did not come upon him often, and it <marker>came usually</marker> when he was feeling ill or depressed.</example>
<example correction="often campaigned">Mr. Bush <marker>campaigned often</marker> here last year.</example>
<example correction="often complain">Tom and Mary <marker>complain often</marker> that they never get to be together without the children.</example>
<example correction="sometimes dream">Do your sisters <marker>dream sometimes</marker> about the future?</example><!-- Do not use an NN.* exception on the first marked token. -->
<example correction="often think">Do you <marker>think often</marker> about the future?</example>
<example correction="hardly spoke">Those people <marker>spoke hardly</marker> during the meeting.</example>
<example correction="always go">I don't <marker>go always</marker> to the market on a Thursday.</example>
<example>I <marker>will always</marker> love you.</example>
<example>Didn't you <marker>promise never to tell</marker> a lie?</example>
<example>Mary <marker>decided never to see</marker> him any more.</example>
<example>He taught the Athenians to <marker>desire always</marker> to defeat their enemies</example>
<example>I had an old wire bird feeder that I used to <marker>fill often</marker> with a square slab of suet.</example>
<example>He knows <marker>hardly anything</marker> about it.</example>
<example>These come up often in the context of chat messages.</example>
<example>He has to sleep often or else.</example>
<example>Do Batches fail often enough that you can show me a failure during a Zoom call?</example>
<example>To eat often before bed is unhealthy.</example>
<example>The shock of impact of a shell against armour often prematurely detonated Lyddite in advance of fuze function ...</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>The featured titles change every week, so check back often for fresh savings...</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>It's not cool sometimes to translate it literally.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>I would be glad to meet you for lunch/dinner sometimes during the next few weeks.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>I used to jerk off often when I was a teenager.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>The size of a litter averages three to five kittens, with the first litter usually smaller than subsequent litters.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>In its own often clumsy looking way Enron's culture does allocate capital and people fairly effectively.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>He enjoys wine sometimes, but mostly he drinks whisky.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>The existence and nature of animal consciousness can never rigorously be known.</example>
<example>Its rates aren't the cheapest, and they aren't even always less than the incumbent.</example>
<example>I don't send these things out often, so please forgive the intrusion.</example>
<example>Fadil and Dania made love like never before.</example>
<example>Save and save often.......</example>
<example>You never look angry, even though I know sometimes you are.</example>
<example>He who reads often and walks often, sees much and knows much.</example>
<example>I would be indignant (whenever people spoke hardly of me).</example>
<example>It doesn't happen often enough these days.</example>
<example>The disambiguation error does not occur rarely enough for us to ignore it.</example>
<example>It gets real crowded sometimes, which causes them to close the gates.</example>
<example>... in which God agrees never again to destroy the Earth.</example>
<example>Those who made the Third Reich's military plans and organized its war economy appear rarely, if ever, to have employed the term blitzkrieg in official documents.</example>
<example>I swore I would be one of those people who said never and really meant it.</example>
<example>What users want often can vary considerably from what they are being offered by today's suppliers.</example>
<example>This unit did research on BW, conducted often fatal human experiments on prisoners, and produced biological weapons for combat use.</example>
<example>Under Stalin the Politburo did not meet often as a collective unit, but was still an important body – many of Stalin's closet protégés were members.</example>
<example>Fighter pilots have year-round flights, but gunship pilots do not fly often due to the yet unfulfilled modernization of the Mi-24 gunships.</example>
<example>If something comes from FERC (which should not happen often), you would just forward it to me.</example>
<example>This game has a hunger mechanic: if you don't eat often, your character will die.</example>
<example type="triggers_error">Pickpockets often work in groups.</example><!-- Refer to #5489 and #5490 -->
<example type="triggers_error">As the Holy Koran tells us, "Be conscious of God and speak always the truth."</example><!-- Refer to #5493 -->
<!-- FN caused by chunker error evokes/E-NP-plural. Refer to #5495 --><example>The salutary image of an older person instructing the young <marker>evokes always</marker> in Kurosawa's films high moments of pathos.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern><!-- #2769 always had water -->
<token inflected="yes">have</token>
<token chunk="E-NP-singular" postag="NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #2769 "always had trouble" -->
<token regexp="yes">['‘"“]</token>
<token/>
<token inflected="yes">have</token>
<token>trouble</token>
<token spacebefore="no" regexp="yes">['’"”]</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="MD" />
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token>be</token>
<token postag="VBN" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- www.lexico.com/definition/as_always -->
<token>as</token>
<token>always</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token><exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">have|be|will</exception></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">always|hardly|never|often|rarely|seldom|sometimes|usually</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|have|will</token>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" postag="VB[DPZ]?" postag_regexp="yes"><exception inflected="yes" regexp="yes">have|be</exception><exception postag="JJ.*|NNS" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The adverb '\2' is usually put between '\3' and '\4'.</message>
<suggestion>\3 \2 \4</suggestion>
<example correction="will always love">I <marker>always will love</marker> you.</example>
<example correction="will never trouble">I <marker>never will trouble</marker> you again.</example>
<example>They <marker>usually have</marker> long hind limbs.</example>
<example>... Patricia <marker>always had treats</marker> available at the back door...</example>
<example>When I was a child, I always had water with my meals.</example><!-- #2769 -->
<example>She always had trouble with adverbs.</example><!-- #2769 -->
<example>The phrase “always had trouble”, is perfect English, and I always have trouble with LT...</example><!-- #2769 -->
<example>It has been removed from the server and should never be run there.</example>
<example>Sami always had sleep paralysis as a kid.</example><!-- #5389 -->
<example>I'm in a dialogue with Paul and others on this issue but as always would appreciate your thoughts.</example><!-- #5389 -->
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="WHO_WHOM" name="who (whom)" tags="picky" type="style"><!-- Also related rulegroup IN_WHO -->
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/who-vs-whom/</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token postag="IN"><exception>For</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>who</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>In a formal text, use <suggestion>\3m</suggestion>, not 'who'.</message>
<example correction="whom">With <marker>who</marker> did you go?</example>
<example correction="whom">To <marker>who</marker> it may concern.</example>
<example>For who is so tolerant of an unjust city, so ironclad, that they can hold back?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="IN"/>
<marker>
<token>who</token>
</marker>
<token postag="SENT_END"/>
</pattern>
<message>In a formal text, use <suggestion>\2m</suggestion>, not 'who'.</message>
<example correction="whom">Sarah gave the tickets to <marker>who</marker>?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">one|both|many</token>
<token>of</token>
<marker>
<token>who</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>In a formal text, use <suggestion>\3m</suggestion>, not 'who'.</message>
<example correction="whom">The hall was filled with students, many of <marker>who</marker> were girls.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern><!-- #2412 who we are -->
<token regexp="yes">who(ever)?</token>
<token regexp="yes">you|we|they</token>
<token regexp="yes">are|were</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #2412 who I am -->
<token regexp="yes">who(ever)?</token>
<token>I</token>
<token regexp="yes">am|was</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #2412 who she was -->
<token regexp="yes">who(ever)?</token>
<token regexp="yes">s?he|it</token>
<token regexp="yes">is|was</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- #2412 found out who they met -->
<!-- TODO: problem with: She lied about who she'd been with.
No person really decides before they grow up who they're going to marry. -->
<token chunk="B-VP" postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB.*"/>
<token postag="RP"/>
<token regexp="yes">who(ever)?</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<token chunk="B-VP" postag_regexp="yes" postag="VB.*"/>
<token>
<exception postag="IN"/><!-- Not: After they found out who she confided in, -->
</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="IN">
<exception>like</exception></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">who(?:ever)?</token>
</marker>
<token postag="PRP" regexp="yes">I|you|he|she|it|we|they</token>
</pattern>
<message>In a formal text, use <suggestion><match no="2" regexp_match="ho" regexp_replace="hom"/></suggestion>, not '\2'.</message>
<example correction="whom">Her mother, in <marker>who</marker> she confided, said it wasn't easy for her.</example>
<example correction="whom">After they found out in <marker>who</marker> she confided, they told the police.</example>
<example correction="whom">After they found out <marker>who</marker> she confided in, they told the police.</example>
<example correction="whom">Depending on <marker>who</marker> you like more...</example>
<example correction="whom">Your victim could be the workmate with <marker>who</marker> you shared a sandwich from your lunchbox.</example>
<example correction="whom">... they are not obligated to purchase from <marker>who</marker> they sold to, and vice-versa.</example>
<example correction="whomever">Growers must always be allowed to do business with <marker>whoever</marker> they wish.</example>
<example>Her mother, in <marker>whom</marker> she confided, said it wasn't easy for her.</example>
<example>I didn't know the performer, but eventually found out <marker>who</marker> she was.</example>
<example>A search for who we are.</example><!-- #2412 -->
<example>As for who I am, you wouldn't believe me if I told you.</example><!-- #2412 -->
<example>They are different and they are important because of who they are.</example><!-- #2412 -->
<example>Love yourself for who you are.</example><!-- #2412 -->
<example>Just remember, the universe reflects back to you who you really think you are.</example><!-- #2412 Did not trigger an error, but keep for reference. -->
<example>I eventually found out <marker>who</marker> they met.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>who</token>
</marker>
<token chunk_re="B-NP.*" min="0" />
<token chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token regexp="yes">looking|searching|asking|singing|dancing</token>
<token>for</token>
</pattern>
<message>In a formal text, use <suggestion>\1m</suggestion>, not 'who'.</message>
<example correction="Whom"><marker>Who</marker> we're looking for:</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Redundant Phrases -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="REDUNDANCY" name="Redundant Phrases" type="style">
<rulegroup id="MORE_THAN_CD_PLUS" name="Redundant 'plus': 100+ and more">
<short>Redundant "+"</short>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">more|greater|bigger|larger</token>
<token>than</token>
<marker>
<token postag="CD" />
<token spacebefore="no">+</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The "+" seems to be redundant in this sentence. Consider removing it.</message>
<suggestion>\3</suggestion>
<example correction="100">We have more than <marker>100+</marker> customers.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">more|greater|bigger|larger</token>
<token>than</token>
<marker>
<token postag="CD" />
<token regexp="yes" spacebefore="no">[.,]</token>
<token postag="CD" spacebefore="no" />
<token spacebefore="no">+</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>The "+" seems to be redundant in this context. Consider removing it.</message>
<suggestion>\3\4\5</suggestion>
<example correction="100,000">We have more than <marker>100,000+</marker> customers.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag="CD" />
<token spacebefore="no">+</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">or|and|&</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes">many|some|few|plenty|lot</token>
<token regexp="yes">more|greater|bigger|larger</token>
</pattern>
<message>The "+" seems to be redundant in this sentence. Consider removing it.</message>
<suggestion>\1</suggestion>
<example correction="100">We have <marker>100+</marker> and more customers.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="IN_A_X_MANNER" name="Wordiness: in a ... manner">
<antipattern><!-- noun, sex position -->
<token>doggy</token>
<token>style</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>one</token>
<token>way</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- She's dumb but in a goofy way -->
<token>but</token>
<token min="0" regexp="yes">more|less</token>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- in a nice fashion dress -->
<token>in</token>
<token>a</token>
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>fashion</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- He has done it clearly in a unusual way. -->
<token postag="RB" regexp="yes">.+ly</token>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- He is scary in a funny way -->
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|look|behave|seem|sound|act</token>
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token min="0" regexp="yes">more|less</token>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- He is very scary in a funny way -->
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">be|look|behave|seem|sound|act</token>
<token postag="RB" />
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token min="0" regexp="yes">more|less</token>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token case_sensitive="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z][A-Z].*</token>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token regexp="yes">hasty|easy|happy|speedy|funny|temporary</token>
<token regexp="yes">manner|style|way|fashion</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider replacing this phrase with the adverb <suggestion><match no="3" regexp_match="(?i)y$" regexp_replace="ily" /></suggestion> to avoid wordiness.</message>
<example correction="hastily">He did it <marker>in a hasty manner</marker>.</example>
<example>Preferably in an easy way.</example>
<example>He is very scary in a funny way.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token regexp="yes">(in)correct?|consistent|positive|negative|(in)?effective|(in)?efficient|different|(in)?secure|safe|(un)?natural|purposeful|respectful|fitting|random|circular|elegant|(in)?appropriate|concise|fair|persuasive|dramatical|romantical|peaceful|casual|great|transparent|contrasting|gorgeous|proper|impactful|extreme|(un)?successful|swift|(un)?threatening|practical|(un)?professional|nice|satisfying|captivating|pleasant|productive|exciting|mindful|unique|aggressive|logical|(un)?attractive|smooth|calm|playful|linear|surprising|beneficial|regular|violent|careful|slow|traditional|(un)?lawful|significant|sequential|similar|proactive|thorough|effortless</token>
<token regexp="yes">manner|style|way|fashion</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider replacing this phrase with the adverb <suggestion><match no="3" regexp_match="$" regexp_replace="ly" /></suggestion> to avoid wordiness.</message>
<example correction="effectively">He did it <marker>in an effective way</marker>.</example>
<example>It is dreary here today, but in a nice way.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token regexp="yes">iconic|romantic|ecstatic|symmetric|realistic|apoplectic|systematic|optimistic|automatic|scientific</token>
<token regexp="yes">manner|style|way|fashion</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider replacing this phrase with the adverb <suggestion><match no="3" regexp_match="$" regexp_replace="ally" /></suggestion> to avoid wordiness.</message>
<example correction="systematically">He did it <marker>in a systematic way</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token regexp="yes">horrible|terrible|(un)?predictable|(un)?reasonable|(un)?favorable|responsible|(un)?sustainable|repeatable|comparable|reliable</token>
<token regexp="yes">manner|style|way|fashion</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider replacing this phrase with the adverb <suggestion><match no="3" regexp_match="(?i)le$" regexp_replace="ly" /></suggestion> to avoid wordiness.</message>
<example correction="terribly">He did it <marker>in a terrible way</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule tags="picky"><!-- picky and creates many false alarms where the suggestion just doesn't make any sense -->
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token postag="JJ">
<exception regexp="yes">big|certain|preparatory|good|modern|christian|agglutinative|unsterile|particular|humanlike|military|ordinary|roundabout|special|interesting|new</exception><exception case_sensitive="yes" regexp="yes">[A-Z].*</exception>
<!-- words that don't really have an adverb form, or where the adverb has a different meaning ("I need you in a bad way" => "I need you badly") -->
<exception regexp="yes">timely|friendly|princely|small|catholic|emotionless|stepwise|slick|bad|clear|specific|right|overall|hard|convergent|hands-on|holy|safety|common|cost-efficient|same|first|second|all|straightforward|simple</exception>
<exception regexp="yes">.+-?(&hyphen_modifier;|like)</exception>
<!-- adjectived ending with 'ed' usually don't have an adverb form ("certified", "automated", "limited", ...) -->
<exception regexp="yes">.+ed</exception>
</token>
<token regexp="yes">manner|style|way|fashion</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider replacing "\1 \2 \3 \4" with the adverb for "\3"; e.g., "in a hasty manner" with "hastily".</message>
<short>Possible wordiness</short>
<example correction="">He came <marker>in a hasty manner</marker>.</example>
<example>He came <marker>hastily</marker>.</example>
<example>This ethnic dish is arranged in a Japanese style.</example>
<example>I feel good in a special way.</example>
<example>Don't say it in a roundabout way.</example>
<example>You cannot solve this problem in an ordinary way.</example>
<example>You must perform all assignments in a timely manner.</example>
<example>He accessed the computer in a remote mode.</example>
<example>When the prey is located, the coyotes stiffen and pounce on the prey in a cat-like manner.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="TELL_IT" name="I [told it to] -> I [told] Leo" tags="picky">
<antipattern>
<token>to</token>
<token>tell</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>tell</token>
<token skip="-1">it</token>
<token regexp="yes">it|straight</token>
<token postag="SENT_END" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">tell</token>
<token>it</token>
<token>to</token>
<token postag="PRP$" />
<token>face</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token case_sensitive="yes">Tell</token>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">[A-Z].*</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes" skip="-1">"e;</token>
<token>tell</token>
<token>it</token>
<token skip="-1">to</token>
<token regexp="yes">"e;</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes">tell</token>
<token>it</token>
<token>to</token>
</marker>
<token chunk_re="B-NP.*">
<exception postag="V.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">a|access|output|the</exception>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrasing could be wordy.</message>
<suggestion>\1</suggestion>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example correction="told">He <marker>told it to</marker> Leo.</example>
<example>Ought I to tell it to him?</example>
<example>They are straight shooters and will tell it to you as they see it.</example>
<example>Why don't you just come out and tell it to me straight?</example>
<example>If you have a bone to pick with a person, tell it to his face</example>
<example>Another TV show, Tell It To Groucho, premiered January 11, 1962, on CBS</example>
<example>He says, "Yeah and tell it to my wife."</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="FORMER_ALUMNUS" name="former alumnus (alumnus)">
<url>https://www.amherst.edu/news/communications/editorial-services-media/styleguide/node/84702</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>a</token>
<token>former</token>
<token>alumnus</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider writing <suggestion>an <match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='an alumnus'>As the wife of <marker>a former alumnus</marker> of UCLA, I am appalled at recent events that have occurred and seemingly encouraged by the administration.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception>a</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>former</token>
<token>alumnus</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider writing <suggestion><match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='alumnus'>The <marker>former alumnus</marker> adviser of Alpha Lambda Chapter was elected as congressman-at- large in Ohio.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="SWORN_AFFIDAVIT" name="sworn affidavit (affidavit)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>a</token>
<token>sworn</token>
<token>affidavit</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>an <match no="3"/></suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://wordinfo.info/unit/4246/page:21</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='An affidavit'><marker>A sworn affidavit</marker> is a written statement made by someone under oath to tell the truth about something.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token><exception>a</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>sworn</token>
<token>affidavit</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion><match no="3"/></suggestion></message>
<url>http://wordinfo.info/unit/4246/page:21</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='affidavit'>His <marker>sworn affidavit</marker> was deposited in the post office mailbox.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="DIRECTLY_ANTITHETICAL" name="directly antithetical (antithetical)">
<pattern>
<token>directly</token>
<token>antithetical</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase verges on redundancy. Consider writing <suggestion><match no="2"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='antithetical'>The two events this week were <marker>directly antithetical</marker> to the University's values for these reasons.</example>
<example>The two events this week were antithetical to the University's values for these reasons.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="APPROXIMATELY_ABOUT" name="approximately about">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>approximately</token>
<token>about</token>
</marker>
<token postag='CD'></token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion><match no="1"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='approximately'>Americans feel full of energy and healthy <marker>approximately about</marker> 19 days per month.</example>
<example>Americans feel full of energy and healthy approximately 19 days per month.</example>
<example>In reasoning about a complex system, humans reason approximately about its behavior.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="ASSOCIATE_TOGETHER" name="associate together (associate)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected='yes'>associate</token>
<token>together</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>groups</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider writing <suggestion><match no="1"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='associate'>Hippos <marker>associate together in groups</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected='yes'>associate</token>
<token>together</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider writing <suggestion><match no="1"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='associated'>Poets and choregi having been <marker>associated together</marker> in pairs, there still remained the selection and appointment of the actors.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="SUFFICIENT_ENOUGH" name="sufficient enough → sufficient">
<pattern>
<token>sufficient</token>
<token>enough</token>
</pattern>
<message>'Sufficient enough' is redundant. Consider using only <suggestion>sufficient</suggestion>.</message>
<url>http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/139595/can-i-say-sufficient-enough-here</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='sufficient'>The money is <marker>sufficient enough</marker> to buy the pullover.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="OF_ANY_OF" name="of any of → of">
<pattern>
<token>of</token>
<token>any</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider simply using <suggestion>of</suggestion> instead.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example correction='of'>He was the worst <marker>of any of</marker> the dancers</example>
</rule>
<rule id="USELESS_THAT" name="Possibly needless 'that'" default="off">
<pattern>
<token postag='JJ'><exception postag_regexp="yes" postag='VBN|RP'/><exception regexp='yes'>say|like|then|so|though|.*?ble</exception></token>
<marker>
<token>that</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="SENT_END"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>"\2" may be unnecessary here.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Possibly needless word</short>
<example correction="">I am pretty sure <marker>that</marker> this is right.</example>
<example>I am pretty sure this is right.</example>
<example>It has grown way beyond that.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SEND_AN_EMAIL" name="send an email to (email)">
<pattern>
<token>send</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token>email</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>email</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example>He was going to <marker>email</marker> her.</example>
<example correction="email">He was going to <marker>send an email to</marker> her.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SENT_AN_EMAIL" name="sent an email to (email)">
<antipattern>
<token skip="4">to</token>
<token regexp="yes">
which|that
<exception scope="previous">so</exception>
</token>
<example> I just sent an email to [email protected] which your team should have a look at rather sooner than later.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>sent</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token regexp="yes">e-?mail</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>emailed</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="emailed">He <marker>sent an email to</marker> her.</example>
<example>He <marker>emailed</marker> her.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="SEND_PRP_AN_EMAIL" name="send me an email (email me)"><!-- https://forum.languagetool.org/t/en-possible-new-rule-2019-07-19/4486 -->
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Possibly redundant phrase</short>
<rule><!-- email -->
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">send</token>
<token regexp="yes">me|you|him|her|us|them</token>
<token>an</token>
<token>email</token>
</pattern>
<message>In some texts, you can shorten this phrase. Consider using <suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">email</match> \2</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="emailed me">Peter has <marker>sent me an email</marker>.</example>
<example correction="email her">Jenny didn't <marker>send her an email</marker>.</example>
<example correction="emailing him">I was <marker>sending him an email</marker> when he phoned me.</example>
<example>Peter has <marker>emailed</marker> me.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- e-mail -->
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">send</token>
<token regexp="yes">me|you|him|her|us|them</token>
<token>an</token>
<token>e-mail</token>
</pattern>
<message>In some texts, you can shorten this phrase. Consider using <suggestion><match no="1" postag="VB.*">e-mail</match> \2</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="e-mailed me">Peter has <marker>sent me an e-mail</marker>.</example>
<example correction="e-mail her">Jenny didn't <marker>send her an e-mail</marker>.</example>
<example correction="e-mailing him">I was <marker>sending him an e-mail</marker> when he phoned me.</example>
<example>Peter has <marker>e-mailed</marker> me.</example>
<example type="triggers_error">Pierre <marker>sent me an E-mail</marker>, a rather scathing E-mail.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule default="off" id="WORLD_AROUND_IT" name="the world around it (the world)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>the</token>
<token>world</token>
<token>around</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CC" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>the world</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="the world">He didn't like <marker>the world around him</marker>.</example>
<example>He didn't like the world.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BECAUSE_OF_THE_FACT_THAT" name="because of the fact that (because)">
<pattern>
<token>because</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>because</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="because">Its crystals are usually hexagonal in shape, with flakiness and plating, usually <marker>because of the fact that</marker> it replaced a mineral.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="VERY_SMALL_TINY" name="Wordiness: very small" default="off">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="DT"></token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">extremely|very</token>
<token postag="JJ">small</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider replacing "\2 \3" with <suggestion>tiny</suggestion>, <suggestion>microscopic</suggestion>, or <suggestion>insignificant</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible wordiness</short>
<example correction="tiny|microscopic|insignificant">He came to a <marker>very small</marker> house.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="ATM_MACHINE" name="ATM machine (ATM)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>ATM</token>
<token regexp="yes">machines?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant ('M' stands for 'machine'). Use simply <suggestion>\1<match no="2" regexp_match="(?i)(machine)" regexp_replace=""/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="ATM"><marker>ATM Machine</marker> Comparison Guide</example>
<example correction="ATMs">Criminals are stealing money from <marker>ATM machines</marker> by blowing them up.</example>
<example>ATMs are quite common in the Netherlands,</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="HIV_VIRUS" name="HIV virus (HIV)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>HIV</token>
<token>virus</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant ('V' stands for 'virus'). Use simply <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://www.poz.com/blog/hiv-virus-is-redunda</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="HIV">The <marker>HIV virus</marker> continues to spread.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="PIN_NUMBER" name="PIN number / ISBN number (PIN / ISBN)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">IS[BS]N|PIN</token>
<token regexp="yes">numbers?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant ('N' stands for 'number'). Consider using <suggestion>\1<match no="2" regexp_match="(?i)(number)" regexp_replace=""/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="PIN">Please input your <marker>PIN number</marker> to access.</example>
<example correction="PINs">You can create multiple <marker>PIN numbers</marker> to enhance the security.</example>
<example correction="ISBN">Could you let me know the <marker>ISBN number</marker> of the book?</example>
<example correction="ISBNs"><marker>ISBN numbers</marker> are assigned to text-based monographic publications.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="LCD_DISPLAY" name="LCD display (LCD)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>LCD</token>
<token regexp="yes">displays?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant ('D' stands for 'display'). Consider using <suggestion>\1<match no="2" regexp_match="(?i)(display)" regexp_replace=""/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="LCD">The result is printed on this <marker>LCD display</marker>.</example>
<example correction="LCDs"><marker>LCD displays</marker> have sources of light behind the screens.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="ADD_AN_ADDITIONAL" name="add an additional (add)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">add</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token regexp="yes">additional|further</token>
<token><exception postag="PCT" /></token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be redundant. Consider either removing or replacing the adjective '<match no="3" case_conversion="alllower" />'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1"/> <match no="4" postag="+INDT"/></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="1"/> another <match no="4" /></suggestion>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/word-choice-add-an-additional/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Add a page|Add another page">How to <marker>Add an additional page</marker> to a Full Flash Site</example>
<example correction="add a clause|add another clause">How can I <marker>add an additional clause</marker> to the query to consider the number of transactions on the server?</example>
<example correction="add a point|add another point">I'd <marker>add a further point</marker> and suggest that the events are manipulated to be harder.</example>
<example>Add an additional:</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">add</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token regexp="yes">additional|further</token>
<token postag="PCT" />
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be redundant. Consider either removing or replacing the adjective '<match no="3" case_conversion="alllower" />'.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1"/>\4</suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="1"/> another\4</suggestion>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/word-choice-add-an-additional/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Add:|Add another:"><marker>Add an additional:</marker></example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="AM_PM_OCLOCK" name="7 o'clock AM (7 o'clock)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="CD"/>
<token>o'clock</token>
<token regexp="yes">[ap]</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>m</token>
</pattern>
<message>Redundant phrase. Consider using <suggestion>\1 o'clock</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1 \3\4\5</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="7 o'clock|7 a.m">It's <marker>7 o'clock a.m</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="CD"/>
<token>o'clock</token>
<token regexp="yes">[ap]m</token>
</pattern>
<message>Redundant phrase. Consider using <suggestion>\1 o'clock</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1 \3</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="7 o'clock|7 AM">It's <marker>7 o'clock AM</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="AM_PM" name="12;30 a.m. (12:30 a.m.)">
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">&months;|&abbrevMonths;</token>
<token spacebefore="no" min="0">.</token>
<token regexp="yes">[0-9]{1,2}</token>
<token regexp="yes">[,(]</token>
<token regexp="yes">[0-9]{1,2}</token>
<token regexp="yes">[pa]</token>
<token spacebefore="no">.</token>
<example>Monday, November 20, 5 p.m.</example>
<example>He will then join Williams at the Hula Bowl on Feb. 2 (6 p.m., ESPN).</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token postag="CD"><exception regexp="yes">19[0-9][0-9]|20[23][0-9]</exception></token>
<token regexp="yes">.<exception regexp="yes">[:.&–-]</exception></token>
<token postag="CD"/>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">[ap]</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>m</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>\1:\3</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="7:30">It's <marker>7,30</marker> p.m.</example>
<example>The asteroid will arrive first-class at 10.45 a.m.</example>
<example>Friday, 9th Dec. 2022, 2 p.m.</example>
<example>Kelda Yuen began anchoring the 6 & 11 p.m. weekend newscasts</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="AM_IN_THE_MORNING" name="AM in the morning (AM)">
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="no">
<token><exception scope="previous">I</exception>AM</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>morning</token>
</pattern>
<message>This is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="AM">It's 5 <marker>AM in the morning</marker>.</example>
<example>He doesn't know where I am in the morning.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">\d+</token>
<marker>
<token>A</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>M</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>morning</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\2.\4.</suggestion></message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="A.M.">It's 5 <marker>A.M. in the morning</marker>.</example>
<example>It's 5 A.M.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="PM_IN_THE_EVENING" name="PM in the evening (PM)">
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="no">
<token>PM</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">evening|afternoon</token>
</pattern>
<message>This is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="PM">It's 5 <marker>PM in the evening</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern case_sensitive="no">
<token>PM</token>
<token>at</token>
<token>night</token>
</pattern>
<message>This is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="PM">It's 1 <marker>PM at night</marker>.</example>
<example>It's 5 PM.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">\d+</token>
<marker>
<token>P</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>M</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">evening|afternoon</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\2.\4.</suggestion></message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="P.M.">It's 5 <marker>P.M. in the afternoon</marker>.</example>
<example>It's 5 P.M.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">1?\d</token>
<marker>
<token>P</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>M</token>
<token>.</token>
<token>at</token>
<token>night</token>
<token min="0">.</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>This is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>P.M.</suggestion></message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="P.M.">It's 1 <marker>P.M. at night.</marker></example>
<example>It's 5 P.M.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule default="off" id="AND_ALSO" name="and also (and/also)">
<pattern>
<token>and</token>
<token>also</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>and</suggestion> or <suggestion>also</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="and|also">Typical English Food <marker>and also</marker> Welsh and Scottish too</example>
<example>Typical English Food, and Welsh and Scottish too</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AND_ETC" name="and (etc)">
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>and</token>
<token>ETC</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>and</token>
<token>etc</token><!-- A full stop is not necessary: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/etc -->
</marker>
<token>
<exception spacebefore="no">/</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Write the name of the item after '\1' or use only <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://www.lexico.com/definition/etc.</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="etc">… pens, pencils, rulers, paper clips, rulers, <marker>and etc</marker>.</example>
<example correction="etc">E-Commerce <marker>and etc</marker> is usually...</example>
<example>… pens, pencils, rulers, paper clips, rulers, <marker>etc</marker>.</example>
<example>IEM member and ETC director John Brunsden said…</example>
<example>… and etc/somepath/file.txt is also…</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ADEQUATE_ENOUGH" name="adequate enough (adequate)">
<pattern>
<token>adequate</token>
<token>enough</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://www.dailywritingtips.com/adequate-is-adequate/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="adequate">The Allen test is not <marker>adequate enough</marker> for the screening of hand circulation.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="ARE_ABLE_TO" name="are able to (can)">
<pattern>
<token>are</token>
<token>able</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>This expression is wordy. Consider using <suggestion>can</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example>Yes, there are some species of frogs that can throw up their entire stomach and wipe it off with their legs.</example>
<example correction="can">Yes, there are some species of frogs that <marker>are able to</marker> throw up their entire stomach and wipe it off with their legs.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ASK_THE_QUESTION" name="ask the question (ask)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes">ask</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>question</token>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="SENT_END"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion> instead.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example>He asked the question.</example>
<example correction="asked">He <marker>asked the question</marker> whether it's OK to add some rules to LanguageTool.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AS_OF_YET" name="as of yet (yet)">
<pattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>yet</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>yet</suggestion> or <suggestion>as yet</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="yet|as yet">The report remains unfinished <marker>as of yet</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="AUTOBIOGRAPHY_OF_A_LIFE" name="autobiography of a life (autobiography)">
<pattern>
<token>autobiography</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>life</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion> or <suggestion>story \2 \3 \4</suggestion> instead.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="autobiography|story of a life">In this <marker>autobiography of a life</marker> of courage and love, we get to share in the compelling story of a family’s struggles.</example>
<example>In this story of a life of courage and love, we get to share in the compelling story of a family’s struggles</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BASIC_FUNDAMENTALS" name="basic fundamentals/necessities (fundamentals/necessities)">
<pattern>
<token><exception scope="previous">visual</exception>basic</token>
<token regexp="yes">fundamentals|necessities</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example>Visual Basic Fundamentals</example>
<example correction="fundamentals">Let’s get back to the <marker>basic fundamentals</marker>!</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BALD-HEADED" name="bald-headed (bald)">
<pattern>
<token>bald-headed</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>bald</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="bald">He is <marker>bald-headed</marker>.</example>
<example>Kojak was bald.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="BEST_EVER" name="best ever (best)">
<pattern>
<token>best</token>
<token>ever</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="best">Top ten <marker>best ever</marker> beer names.</example>
<example>Top ten best beer names.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="TEMPORARY_BIVOUAC_BIVOUAC" name="temporary bivouac (bivouac)">
<pattern>
<token>temporary</token>
<token>bivouac</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase may be redundant. Consider writing <suggestion><match no="2"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='bivouac'>In <marker>temporary bivouac</marker> areas (1 to 3 days), the straddle trench latrine is used unless more permanent facilities are provided for the unit.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BIVOUAC_CAMP_BIVOUAC" name="bivouac camp (bivouac)">
<pattern>
<token>bivouac</token>
<token>camp</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider writing <suggestion><match no="1"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='bivouac'>A rock climber leaves a hanging <marker>bivouac camp</marker> on an Arctic cliff</example>
<example>A rock climber leaves a hanging bivouac on an Arctic cliff</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ADJECTIVE_IN_ATTRIBUTE" name="Big in size, yellow in color, etc.">
<!-- TODO: move to style.xml once PR is merged -->
<antipattern><!-- they average in number -->
<token postag="NNS|PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re=".-NP-plural" />
<token postag="VB" />
<token>in</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" postag="VB.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>in</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>please</token>
<token postag="VB" />
<token>in</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="JJ|JJR|JJS">
<exception regexp="yes">average|up|down|on|out|over|through|(in)?sufficient|(in)?variable|modest|(ir)?regular|maximum|minimum|(un)?manageable|[bm]illion|trillion|near|off|now|\d+(rd|th|st|nd)|work|just|only|overall|sales|close|far|pleasing|building|(un)?matching|(un)?limited|(un)?even|similar|different|around|(un)?available|almost|other|one|similar|alone|religious|corresponding|(un|in)?equal|next|doubl(e|ing)|great|possible|autocratic|necessary|beautiful|rich|back|identical|more|less|much|second|(un|in)?comparable|characteristic|endless|familiar|handy|(in)?distinguishable|(in)?finite|intermediate|least|light|(dis)?proportional|regional|national|local|superior|inferior|then|.*first|.*second|.*third|.*fourth|.*fifth|.*sixth|.*seventh|.*eighth|.*ninth|.*tenth|.*eleventh|.*twelfth|.*teenth|.*hundredth|.*thousandth|.*millionth</exception>
<exception postag="VBN"/>
</token>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp="yes">size|duration|colou?r|number|shape|length|[hw]eight</token>
</pattern>
<message>This wording could be more concise.</message>
<suggestion>\1</suggestion>
<short>Possible redundancy</short>
<example>He's absorbed in thought.</example>
<example correction="big">The man is <marker>big in size</marker>.</example>
<example correction="briefest">His speech was <marker>briefest in duration</marker>.</example>
<example correction="redder">My car is <marker>redder in color</marker>.</example>
<example correction="few">Her friends were <marker>few in number</marker>.</example>
<example correction="round">An apple is <marker>round in shape</marker>.</example>
<example>I really need to get back in shape.</example>
<example>Get me one in size m please.</example>
<example>Have a look at this webpage — now in color!</example>
<example>Please print in color for me.</example>
<example>Mr. Nillsen said Atle Ventures intends to triple in size over the next five years.</example>
<example>Happiness makes up in height for what it lacks in length.</example>
<!--<example>Adults average in length; the largest recorded specimen weighed 2.65 kg (5.8 lb) with a length of from snout to vent.</example>-->
<example>The river ranks 13th in length but 23rd in volume.</example>
<example>Adults average in length; the largest recorded specimen weighed 2.65 kg (5.8 lb) with a length of from snout to vent.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BITTER_IN_TASTE" name="bitter in taste (bitter)">
<pattern>
<token>bitter</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>taste</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="bitter">This beer is <marker>bitter in taste</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="BLEND_TOGETHER" name="blend together (blend)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">attach|assemble|blend|co(mbine|llaborate|nfer|ngregate)|join|me(rge|sh)|mix
<!-- XXX remove |gather|meet|share https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/gather-together-redundant.232952/
https://www.quora.com/Is-it-correct-to-use-either-We-are-gathered-together-or-We-have-gathered-together-in-the-sentence-We-are-have-gathered-together-to-celebrate
https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/usage-exact-same --></token>
<token>together</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://grammarist.com/redundancies/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="blend">Their voices <marker>blend together</marker> in lovely harmony.</example>
<example>Their voices blend in lovely harmony.</example>
<example>Mercy and truth are met together ; righteousness and peace ha...</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="BRIEF_MOMENT" name="brief moment/summary (moment/summary)">
<pattern>
<token>brief</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">moment|summary|cameo</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Moment">A <marker>Brief Moment</marker> of Compassion</example>
<example>A Moment of Compassion</example>
</rule>
<rule id="BIOGRAPHY_OF_A_LIFE" name="biography of her life (biography)">
<pattern>
<token>biography</token>
<token>of</token>
<token regexp="yes">a|her|his|my|your</token>
<token>life</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion> or <suggestion>story \2 \3 \4</suggestion> instead.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="biography|story of her life">In this <marker>biography of her life</marker>, we get to share in the compelling story of a family’s struggles.</example>
<example>In this story of a life of courage and love, we get to share in the compelling story of a family’s struggles</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CD_DISC" name="CD disc (CD)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">CD|DVD</token>
<token regexp="yes">dis[kc]</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="CD">I ordered a <marker>CD disk</marker> with their software.</example>
<example correction="DVD">This <marker>DVD Disk</marker> is defective.</example>
<example>I ordered a <marker>CD</marker> with their software.</example>
<example>I ordered a <marker>DVD</marker> with their software.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CDROM" name="CDROM (CD-ROM)">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token regexp="yes">CDROM|CDRom|Cdrom</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>CD-ROM</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible typo</short>
<example correction="CD-ROM">I ordered a <marker>Cdrom</marker> with their software.</example>
<example>I ordered a <marker>CD-ROM</marker> with their software.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCUSED_OF_A_CHARGE_CHARGED_WITH" name="accused of a charge (charged with)">
<pattern>
<token>accused</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>charge</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase may be redundant. Consider writing: <suggestion>charged with</suggestion> instead.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='charged with'>The Magistrate's Court in Kuala Lumpur today decided that a former model <marker>accused of a charge of</marker> public indecency is fit to stand trial.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CIRCUMSTANCES_SURROUNDING" name="circumstances surrounding (circumstances of)" tags="picky">
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">t?here</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB" />
<token skip="3" inflected="yes">be</token>
<token>circumstances</token>
<example>But there are tragic circumstances surrounding this nomination... which takes it out of the usual business and sets it deeply... into the conscience of each senator.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>circumstances</token>
<token>surrounding</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider writing <suggestion><match no="1"/> of</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction='circumstances of'>Based upon this discussion, the OIG expanded the scope of its investigation to analyze the <marker>circumstances surrounding</marker> the settlement rejected by Judge Rakoff.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="CLOSE_SCRUTINY" name="close scrutiny/proximity (scrutiny/proximity)">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordy-phrases-style/#correcting-wordy-phrases</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>within</token>
<token>close</token>
<token>proximity</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>This is verbose. Consider writing: <suggestion>close to</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="close to">The majority of Jannali's enterprises are located <marker>within close proximity to</marker> the suburb's railway station.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>close</token>
<token regexp="yes">scrutiny|proximity</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is a bit redundant. Consider using just <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="scrutiny">Their manifesto yesterday received the same <marker>close scrutiny</marker> as the other two big parties — and it was an uncomfortable experience.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="COMBINE_TOGETHER" name="combine together (combine)"><!-- https://github.com/languagetool-org/languagetool/issues/1027 -->
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">combine</token>
<token>together</token>
</pattern>
<message>'<match no="1"/> <match no="2"/>' is redundant. Use <suggestion><match no="1"/></suggestion></message>
<url>https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2guides/guides/wrtps/index-eng.html?lang=eng&lettr=indx_catlog_c&page=9xIUi4CtvHsc.html</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="combined">Two things are <marker>combined together</marker> in this application.</example>
<example correction="combines">Each layer <marker>combines together</marker> for an absolute orchestra of flavors.</example>
<example>Two things are <marker>combined</marker> in this application.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="COMFORTABLE_WITH_VBG" name="comfortable with doing (comfortable doing)">
<pattern>
<token>comfortable</token>
<token>with</token>
<token postag="VBG"/>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1 \3</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="comfortable dancing">I am not <marker>comfortable with dancing</marker> with strangers.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="COMMUTE_BACK_AND_FORTH" name="commute back and forth (commute)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">commute</token>
<token>back</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>forth</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="commute">She will <marker>commute back and forth</marker> between New Haven and her home in Southern California before relocating to the Elm City this summer.</example>
<example>She will commute between New Haven and her home in Southern California before relocating to the Elm City this summer</example>
</rule>
<rule id="CONTINUE_TO_REMAIN" name="continue to remain (remain)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">continue</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>remain</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion><match no="1" postag=".*">remain</match></suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="remained">We <marker>continued to remain</marker> optimistic.</example>
<example>We remain optimistic.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="DESCEND_DOWN" name="descend down (descend)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">descend|dive</token>
<token>down</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="descend">The Pentagon aides and journalists <marker>descend down</marker> the back stairs of the plane as is customary while Rumsfeld comes down the main stairs to meet his welcome party.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EACH_AND_EVERY" name="each and every one (each one)">
<pattern>
<token>each</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>every</token>
<token>one</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1 \4</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/word-choice-each-and-every/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="each one">God bless <marker>each and every one</marker> of you!</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup default="off" id="NEGATE_MEANING" name="Suggest shorter ways to negate words (not common vs uncommon)">
<rule>
<!-- not correct (incorrect) -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|was</token>
<marker>
<token>not</token>
<token regexp="yes">efficient|correct|convenient|complete|secure|secured|sufficient|significant|visible|tolerable</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>in\3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="incomplete">The list is <marker>not complete</marker>.</example>
<example>The list is incomplete.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- not healthy (unhealthy) -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|w(?:as|ere)</token>
<marker>
<token>not</token>
<token regexp="yes">able|affordable|contaminated|deserved|fashionable|acceptable|accompanied|altered|climbable|covered|drinkable|dressed|deniable|cluttered|expected|forgettable|desirable|fastened|happy|lucky|helpful|kind|natural|qualified|noticed|safe|suited|sweetened|skilled|thinkable|usable|zipped|willing|ripe|wanted|real|grateful|certain|healthy|common|controllable|comfortable|conscious|favorable|imaginable|important|pleasant|suitable|related|likely|usual|steady|sustainable|reliable|popular|necessary|fortunate|believable|beatable|aware|answered|breakable|productive|satisfied</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>un\3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="unsteady">The rock is <marker>not steady</marker>.</example>
<example>The rock is unsteady.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- not perfect (imperfect) -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|w(?:as|ere)</token>
<marker>
<token>not</token>
<token regexp="yes">perfect|mature|movable|practical|possible|pure</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>im\3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="imperfect">The paragraph is <marker>not perfect</marker>.</example>
<example>The paragraph is imperfect.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- not rational (irrational) -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|w(?:as|ere)</token>
<marker>
<token>not</token>
<token regexp="yes">rational|relevant</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>ir\3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="irrational">The student was <marker>not rational</marker>.</example>
<example>The student was irrational.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- not fast enough (too slow) -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|w(?:as|ere)</token>
<marker>
<token>not</token>
<token>fast</token>
<token>enough</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>too slow</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="too slow">The car was <marker>not fast enough</marker> to win the race.</example>
<example>The car was too slow to win the race.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- not large enough (too small) -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|w(?:as|ere)</token>
<marker>
<token>not</token>
<token regexp="yes">large|big</token>
<token>enough</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>too small</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="too small">The car was <marker>not large enough</marker> for the tall man.</example>
<example>The car was <marker>too small</marker> for the large man.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- not small enough (too large) -->
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">is|w(?:as|ere)</token>
<marker>
<token>not</token>
<token>small</token>
<token>enough</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>too large</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="too large">The car was <marker>not small enough</marker> to fit through the tunnel.</example>
<example>The car was <marker>too large</marker> to fit through the tunnel.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ALL_OF_THE" name="all of the (all the)"><!-- TODO: "all of my xxx" -->
<antipattern><!-- https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/161924. The antipattern does not ignore all possible quoted speech. -->
<token skip="-1" regexp="yes">["“'`]</token>
<token>all</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>people</token>
<token min="0">,</token>
<token>all</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token skip="-1">time</token>
<token regexp="yes">["”'’]</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>all</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>book</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>or</token>
<token>all</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<example>She is going some or all of the parks.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>all</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
</marker>
<token negate="yes" regexp="yes">sudden|above|many</token> <!-- See ALL_OF_THE_SUDDEN rule -->
</pattern>
<message>Consider removing "of" to be more concise</message>
<suggestion>\1 \3</suggestion>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="All the"><marker>All of the</marker> people I know came.</example>
<example correction="all the">She is going to <marker>all of the</marker> parks.</example>
<example correction="all the">I say you can't fool <marker>all of the</marker> people all the time.</example>
<example>Did Lincoln say "... but you can’t fool <marker>all of the people all of the time</marker>"?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="DROP_DOWN" name="drop down (drop)">
<!-- Created by Tiago F. Santos 24-09-2019 -->
<antipattern><!-- an additional drop down -->
<token chunk_re="E-NP-(singular|plural)" regexp="yes">drops?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- a "drop down -->
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="DT|PRP\$"/>
<token regexp="yes">['‘"“]</token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NNS?" regexp="yes">drops?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- was dropped down -->
<token inflected="yes" >be</token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB"/>
<token>dropped</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- began dropping down -->
<token chunk="B-VP"/>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB"/>
<token>dropping</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- Drop down and -->
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>Drop</token>
<token>down</token>
<token postag="CC"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- drop down is -->
<token>drop</token>
<token>down</token>
<token regexp="yes">is|was</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- Drop down ear/neck flaps -->
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<token>Drop</token>
<token>down</token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(:UN?)?"/>
<token>/</token>
<token postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN(:UN?)?"/>
<token chunk="E-NP-plural" postag="NNS"/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes">drop</token>
<token>down</token>
</marker>
<token>
<exception postag_regexp="yes" postag="NN.*" inflected="yes" regexp="yes">list|menu|option</exception><!-- MFU 2020-10-02 possibly redundant -->
</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Drop"><marker>Drop down</marker> from the tree.</example>
<example>Drop down menus</example>
<example>Add an additional drop down that follows "Legal Contacts" that says "Historical Contacts".</example>
<example>Also, you will be receiving on Thursday morning a copy of some of the more relevant documentation relating to the June 2000 drop down of the Corrugated...</example>
<example>The shop traveler/work order also contains a "drop down," from which standard processes can be selected.</example>
<example>The projectile with its integral propelling charge was dropped down the barrel from the muzzle to hit a fixed firing pin.</example>
<example>The liquid was being carefully dropped down the funnel.</example>
<example>After reaching no.1 for five weeks, "Rivers of Babylon" began dropping down the chart, at which point the B-side "Brown Girl in the Ring" was given extensive radio airplay.</example>
<example>After that, the song started very quickly dropping down the charts.</example>
<example>Drop down and see us.</example>
<example>Also, FYI, the "See" drop down is our nickname for the name changes and mergers reference.</example>
<example>Drop down ear/neck flaps.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FIRST_OF_ALL" name="first of all (first)">
<!-- Created by Tiago F. Santos 24-09-2019 -->
<antipattern><!-- #3141 first of all the students -->
<token chunk="B-NP-plural">all
<exception scope="next" regexp="yes">congrat(ulation)?s|thanks</exception>
<exception scope="next">many</exception><!-- many heartfelt thanks. If this exception causes a false positive, add an antipattern. -->
</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1" regexp="yes">"e;</token>
<token>first</token>
<token>of</token>
<token skip="-1">all</token>
<token regexp="yes">"e;</token>
<example>"First of all," said Wallee, "we're not going there."</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>first</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>all</token>
</marker>
<token>
<exception postag="WP"/>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>Often, this adverbial phrase is redundant. Consider using an alternative.</message>
<suggestion>first</suggestion>
<suggestion>firstly</suggestion>
<suggestion>foremost</suggestion>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url><!-- The phrase is also used with the meaning of 'most importantly'. But, do not use this in the suggestion, because the rule is for redundancy. -->
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="First|Firstly|Foremost"><marker>First of all</marker>, let us review what has been done.</example>
<example correction="First|Firstly|Foremost"><marker>First of all</marker> congratulations on completing your degree.</example>
<example correction="First|Firstly|Foremost">Hey Tori, <marker>First of all</marker> Congrats on the new job.</example>
<example correction="first|firstly|foremost">... but <marker>first of all</marker> thanks for all your help.</example>
<example correction="first|firstly|foremost">... but <marker>first of all</marker> many heartfelt thanks for all your help.</example>
<example correction="first|firstly|foremost">German unity depends <marker>first of all</marker> on the German people.</example><!-- Lexico shows this example with the sense of 'most importantly', but the phrase can also be interpreted as an adverbial. -->
<example correction="first|firstly|foremost">The advancement of science depends, <marker>first of all</marker>, on the free flow of information.</example>
<example><marker>First</marker>, let us review what has been done.</example>
<example>He was the first of all who participated.</example>
<example>My son is the first of all the students at this school.</example><!-- #3141 -->
<example>"A" is the first of all letters -- God is the first of everything in the ...</example><!-- #3141 -->
<example>Illusion is the first of all pleasures.</example><!-- #3141 -->
<example>First of all animals is the lion, which is the king of the jungle.</example>
<example>... but first of all animals is the lion. Roar!</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FOCUS_IN" name="focus in (focus on)">
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1" inflected="yes">focus</token>
<token>on</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">focus</token>
<token>in</token>
<token regexp="yes">general|particular|[0-9]{2,30}</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- collocations of "in" -->
<token inflected="yes">focus</token>
<token skip="3">in</token>
<token regexp="yes">detail|future|return|regards?|particular|hurry|agreement|collaboration|faith|fact|time|part|appearance|sense|way|actuality|order|terms|course|contrast|advance|depth|afternoon|morning|evening|end|front|flash|addition|aid|anticipation|conclusion|conjunction|due|effect|favou?r|full|isolation|memory|mid-.*|moderation|words|preference|progress|preparation|principle|response|vain</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" postag="V.*" postag_regexp="yes">focus
<exception scope="previous" postag="DT"/>
</token>
<marker>
<token>in
<exception scope="next" regexp="yes">order|on</exception>
</token>
</marker>
<token chunk_re="B-NP.*"/>
</pattern>
<message>In this context, 'focus' is usually used with the preposition <suggestion>on</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possibly wrong preposition</short>
<example correction="on">Please, focus <marker>in</marker> the tip of the finger.</example>
<example correction="on">They are really focussed <marker>in</marker> a specific target audience.</example>
<example>...during the interview he showed a focus in a number of topics...</example>
<example>We're going to shift focus in the south on the solar sector.</example>
<example>This has to be your focus in general.</example>
<example>We have to focus in 2022 if we want a bigger market share.</example>
<example>Eyre focused in particular on the Radical Reformation.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="GATHER_UP" name="gather up (gather)">
<!-- Created by Tiago F. Santos 24-09-2019 -->
<antipattern>
<token inflected='yes' regexp='yes'>gather|lift</token>
<token>up</token>
<token>to</token>
<token postag='CD'/>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected='yes' regexp='yes'>gather|lift</token>
<token>up</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="gather">Please, <marker>gather up</marker> the documentation and let's go.</example>
<example>You can gather up to 100 bonus points.</example>
<example>He can lift up to 100 kilograms.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="INCREDIBLE_TO_BELIEVE" name="incredible to believe (incredible)">
<!-- Created by Tiago F. Santos 24-09-2019 -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>incredible</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>believe</token>
</marker>
<token>
<exception>in</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>incredible</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="incredible">It's <marker>incredible to believe</marker>.</example>
<example>...during the interview he showed a focus in a number of topics...</example>
</rule>
<rule id="OUTSIDE_OF" name="outside of (outside)">
<!-- Created by Tiago F. Santos 24-09-2019 -->
<antipattern>
<token>of</token>
<token>course</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>of</token>
<token chunk_re="E-NP.*" regexp="yes">this|that|th[oe]se</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>
<exception postag='DT'/></token>
<marker>
<token regexp='yes'>inside|outside</token>
<token>of</token>
</marker>
<token>
<exception postag_regexp='yes' postag='N.+'/>
<exception postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
</token><!-- XXX crippling but needed. See 3rd example -->
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="outside">Go <marker>outside of</marker> the building and you will find it.</example>
<example>It is on the outside of the building.</example>
<example>...ence in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="PRIVATE_INDUSTRY" name="private industry (industry)">
<!-- Created by Tiago F. Santos 24-09-2019 -->
<antipattern>
<token>private</token>
<token regexp='yes'>industr(?:y|ies)</token>
<token regexp='yes'>sectors?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">very|.+ly</token>
<token>private</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>private</token>
<token regexp='yes'>industr(?:y|ies)</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="industry">This is our primary <marker>private industry</marker>.</example>
<example>The private industry sector in the USSR was limited to say the least.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="RIGHT_OVER" name="right over (over)">
<!-- Created by Tiago F. Santos 24-09-2019 -->
<antipattern>
<token postag='DT'/>
<token postag="JJ" min="0" />
<token>right</token>
<token>over</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>right</token>
<token>over</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="over">You find it <marker>right over</marker> there.</example>
<example>Who has the right over a woman's property?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SELF_ADMITTED" name="self-admitted (admitted)">
<pattern>
<token>self-admitted</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using just <suggestion>admitted</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="admitted">Springfield police arrest 'very dangerous, <marker>self-admitted</marker> gang member.'</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SOME_OF_THE" name="some of the (some)" tags="picky">
<antipattern>
<token>some</token>
<token>of</token>
<token skip="4">the</token>
<token postag="JJS"/>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>some</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token/>
<token>'s</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>some</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token/>
<token/>
<token>'s</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- www.goodreads.com/quotes/275126-you-can-fool-some-of-the-people-all-of-the -->
<token>You</token>
<token>can</token>
<token>fool</token>
<token>all</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>people</token>
<token>some</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>time</token>
<token>,</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>some</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>people</token>
<token>all</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>time</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token postag="JJ.*|NN|NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes" min="0" chunk_re="I-NP.*" />
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
<token regexp="yes">I|you|they|we|s?he|it</token>
<token postag="VB[DZP]" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re=".-VP" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token postag="JJ.*|NN|NN:UN?" postag_regexp="yes" min="0" chunk_re="I-NP.*" />
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
<token regexp="yes">who|that|which</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>here</token>
<token>are</token>
<token regexp="yes" min="0">only|just</token>
<token>some</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>some</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">numerous|various|many</token>
<example>Some of the numerous ways you could do this are...</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>some</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token postag="NN" chunk="E-NP-singular" />
<example>I have destroyed some of the house.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>some</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token postag="NN:UN" chunk="E-NP-singular" />
<token postag="SENT_END" />
<example>It worked at least some of the time.</example>
<example>I have edited some of the address.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>(</token>
<token>some</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>)</token>
<example>(Some of the) changes and new..</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token negate="yes">or</token>
<marker>
<token>some</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
</marker>
<token><exception regexp="yes">mo(re|st)|same|first|le?ast|following|aforementioned|above|below|previously|many|few|ones</exception></token>
</pattern>
<!-- -->
<message>If the text is a generality, '\3 \4' is not necessary.</message>
<suggestion>\2</suggestion>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Possibly redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Some"><marker>Some of the</marker> people like rap music.</example>
<example correction="Some"><marker>Some of the</marker> material in this article comes from the CIA World Factbook 2009.</example>
<example correction="Some"><marker>Some of the</marker> capacity was held by contract transport customers, but not that much.</example>
<example correction="some">If you use Word, <marker>some of the</marker> formatting on the document will be off because I converted it from WordPerfect, however, the substance should be verbatim.</example>
<example><marker>Some </marker> people like rap music.</example>
<example>She is going to buy some parks.</example>
<example>She is going to all or some of the parks.</example>
<example>He is putting out <marker>some of the most</marker> inspired music of his life.</example>
<example>They want to answer <marker>some of the universe’s deepest questions</marker>.</example>
<example>"You can fool all the people some of the time, and some of the people all the time; but you cannot fool all the ..."</example>
<example><marker>Some of the people I know</marker> like rap music.</example>
<!-- TODO: Should trigger error: -->
<example>I just wanted to touch base and let you know some of the projects I've been working on</example>
<example>Here are some of the materials that contain plastic.</example>
<example>... promoted the mystical and magical teachings of some of the same ethnic groups he attacked...</example><!-- MFU 2019-09-20. The suggestion 'some [same]' is not correct, but I am not sure whether to add an exception for 'the same'. -->
<example>Some of the following words are wrong.</example>
<example>Some of the aforementioned people have even been promoted.</example>
<example>Some of the above examples are not convincing.</example>
<example>I think that some of the previously discussed issues are too controversial.</example>
<example>Some of the many places I have visited were extremely deprived.</example>
<example>Some of the few that survived work here now.</example>
<example>Some of the ones I like are not available anymore.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SUBJECT_MATTER" name="subject matter (subject)">
<!-- Created by Tiago F. Santos 24-09-2019 -->
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">do|will|shall|can</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="JJ" min="0" />
<token>subject</token>
<token>matter</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">do|will|shall|can</token>
<token>n't</token>
<token postag="DT|PRP\$" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token postag="JJ" min="0" />
<token>subject</token>
<token>matter</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>subject</token>
<token>matter</token>
<token skip="2">to</token>
<token>?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject-matter_expert -->
<token>subject</token>
<token>matter</token>
<token regexp="yes">experts?</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>subject</token>
<token>matter</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion> to avoid wordiness.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="subject">What is the <marker>subject matter</marker> we will discuss today?</example>
<example>Does the subject matter?</example>
<example>Doesn't this subject matter to you?</example>
<example>Do any comments on this subject matter to you?</example>
</rule>
<rule id="TRY_AND" name="try and (try to)" tags="picky">
<antipattern>
<token>try</token>
<token>and</token>
<token regexp="yes" inflected="yes">see|fail|harm|error|regret</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- "try and catch" is common dev speech (https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_try_catch.asp) -->
<token>try</token>
<token>and</token>
<token regexp="yes">catch|try</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="DT" />
<token postag="JJ.*" postag_regexp="yes" min="0" />
<token>try</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>try</token>
<token>
and
</token>
</marker>
<token postag="VBP?" postag_regexp="yes" />
</pattern>
<message>"Try and" is common in colloquial speech, but <suggestion>try to</suggestion> is recommended for writing.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/spelling-trial-and-error/</url>
<short>Possibly bad style</short>
<example correction="try to">She is going to <marker>try and</marker> go to the store.</example>
<example>I would be happy if you could give it a second <marker>try and</marker> send me your feedback.</example>
<example>Let's <marker>try and</marker> see!</example>
<example>Potentially, we could try and fail.</example>
<example>We have to try and try until it works.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SO_AS_TO" name="so as to (to)">
<pattern>
<token>so</token>
<token>as</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>'So as to' expresses purpose and is used in formal texts. Consider using <suggestion>to</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/synonyms-of-in-order-to/</url>
<short>Possible redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="to">We worked hard <marker>so as to</marker> increase our sales.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FEW_OCCASIONS" name="on a few occasions (occasionally)">
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>few</token>
<token>occasions</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>occasionally</suggestion></message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="occasionally">The man drank <marker>on a few occasions</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ALSO_OTHER" name="there are also other (also)">
<pattern>
<token>there</token>
<token>are</token>
<token>also</token>
<token>other</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>there are other</suggestion> or <suggestion>there are also</suggestion></message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="there are other|there are also">However, <marker>there are also other</marker> marbles in the jar.</example>
<example>There are other marbles in the jar.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="LARGE_NUMBER_OF" name="a large number of (many)">
<pattern>
<token>a</token>
<token>large</token>
<token>number</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Specify a number, remove phrase, or simply use <suggestion>many</suggestion> or <suggestion>numerous</suggestion></message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Many|Numerous"><marker>A large number of</marker> people were in the parade.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SMALL_NUMBER_OF" name="a small number of (a few)">
<pattern>
<token>a</token>
<token>small</token>
<token>number</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Specify a number, remove phrase, use <suggestion>a few</suggestion>, or use <suggestion>some</suggestion></message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="A few|Some"><marker>A small number of</marker> people were in the store.</example>
<example>Few people were in the store.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SUBSEQUENT_TO" name="subsequent to (after)">
<pattern>
<token>subsequent</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>after</suggestion></message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="after">The roads needed repairs <marker>subsequent to</marker> the storm.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WITH_THE_EXCEPTION_OF" name="with the exception of (except)">
<pattern>
<token>with</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>exception</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>except</suggestion> or <suggestion>except for</suggestion></message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Except|Except for"><marker>With the exception of</marker> Bob, all of the children went running.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="EVERY_NOW_AND_THEN" name="every now and then (now and then)">
<pattern>
<token>every</token>
<token>now</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>then</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider an alternative to strengthen your wording.</message>
<suggestion>sometimes</suggestion>
<suggestion>occasionally</suggestion>
<suggestion>sporadically</suggestion>
<suggestion>\2 \3 \4</suggestion>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Possible redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="Sometimes|Occasionally|Sporadically|Now and then"><marker>Every now and then</marker> the faucet drips.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ESTABLISHED_FACT" name="established fact (fact)">
<pattern>
<token>an</token>
<token>established</token>
<token>fact</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion><match no="3" postag="+INDT"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="a fact">This is <marker>an established fact</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup default="off" id="EXACT_SAME" name="exact same/identical (same/identical)">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">exact|precise</token>
<token regexp="yes">same|identical</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="same">This is the <marker>exact same</marker> situation.</example>
<example>This is the same situation.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">exactly|precisely</token>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">same|identical</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2 \3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="the same">This shoe is <marker>exactly the same</marker>.</example>
<example>This shoe is the same.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rulegroup id="SUMMER_TIME" name="summertime (summer)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">summertime|summer-time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>summer</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="summer">It is warm during the <marker>summertime</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>British</token>
<token>Summer</token>
<token>Time</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token>Western</token>
<token>European</token>
<token>Summer</token>
<token>Time</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>summer</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>summer</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="summer">It is warm during the <marker>summer time</marker>.</example>
<example>It is warm during the <marker>summer</marker>.</example>
<example>For information about <marker>British Summer Time</marker> (BST), refer to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Summer_Time.</example>
<example>For information about <marker>Western European Summer Time</marker>, refer to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_European_Summer_Time.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="THE_FALL_SEASON" name="fall season (fall)">
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">fall|winter|spring|summer|autumn</token>
<token>season</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="fall">The leaves turn red and gold in <marker>the fall season</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FAMOUS_CELEBRITY" name="famous celebrity (celebrity)">
<pattern>
<token>famous</token>
<token inflected="yes">celebrity</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="celebrity">I'm told that he's a <marker>famous celebrity</marker> now.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SALSA_SAUCE" name="salsa sauce (salsa)">
<pattern>
<token>salsa</token>
<token>sauce</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="salsa">I enjoy eating <marker>salsa sauce</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="GENERAL_XX" name="general public (public)">
<antipattern>
<token>General</token>
<token>Public</token>
<token>License</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>general</token>
<token regexp="yes">public|consensus</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using only <suggestion>\2</suggestion> to avoid wordiness.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="public">We should show this to the <marker>general public</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="OVER_EXAGGERATED" name="over exaggerated (exaggerated)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>over</token>
<token inflected="yes">exaggerate</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="exaggerating">I enjoy <marker>over exaggerating</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">over-exaggerat(ed?|ing)</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="over-(.*)" regexp_replace="$1"/></suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="exaggerating">I enjoy <marker>over-exaggerating</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="ORIGINALLY_BORN_IN" name="originally born in (born in)">
<pattern>
<token>originally</token>
<token>born</token>
<token>in</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2 \3</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="born in">I was <marker>originally born in</marker> Texas.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="RETURN_BACK" name="return back (return)">
<antipattern>
<token postag="DT" />
<token regexp="yes">repl(y|ies)|returns?|reflect</token>
<token>back</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>tax</token>
<token regexp="yes">returns?</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>back</token>
<token>when</token>
<token postag="PRP_S.*|NNP" postag_regexp="yes" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>back</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>front</token>
<example>Return previous front window back to front after macro runs.kmmacros (7.2 KB)</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>back</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>days</token>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|CC|PCT" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token>reflecting</token>
<token>back</token>
<example>Reflecting back I realize that I may have written or said something that caught you off guard.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">reflect</token>
<token>back</token>
<token>to</token>
<example>I couldn't help but reflect back to this past April when I had the opportunity to travel with you for two consecutive days to Harvard and NYU and remember the pearls of wisdom that you imparted about business on our flight.</example>
<example>These interpretations must then be reflected back to its originators, and its adequacy as a translation fine-tuned in a repeated way, a process called the hermeneutic circle.</example>
<example>Magneto-acoustic waves cannot carry sufficient energy upward through the chromosphere to the corona, both because of the low pressure present in the chromosphere and because they tend to be reflected back to the photosphere.</example>
<example>We only see the Moon because sunlight reflects back to us from its surface.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes" chunk_re=".-VP">
re(turn|ply|vert|flect)
</token>
<token>back</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using just <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="returned">We <marker>returned back</marker> home.</example>
<example>Please send the return back to to them.</example>
<example>I haven't received my tax returns back yet.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">please|kindly|just</token>
<marker>
<token>reply</token>
<token>back</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using just <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="reply">Please <marker>reply back</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" />
<marker>
<token case_sensitive="yes">Reply</token>
<token>back</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using just <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Reply"><marker>Reply back</marker> to get the details.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception>it</exception>
</token>
<token>back</token>
<example>This will return you back to the startup screen, similar to the quit button when an error comes up.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">return</token>
<token min="0" chunk_re="B-NP.*" />
<token min="0" max="2" chunk_re="I-NP.*" />
<token chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
<marker>
<token>back</token>
</marker>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Using "back" with the verb "return" may be redundant.</message>
<suggestion></suggestion>
<example correction="">He suggested that I return the product <marker>back</marker> to Amazon.</example>
<example correction="">Can someone tell me what command to use to return the curser position <marker>back</marker> to its previous location?</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes">return</token>
</marker>
<token postag="PRP_O.*" postag_regexp="yes">
<exception>it</exception>
</token>
<token>back</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Using "back" with the verb "return" may be redundant.</message>
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="V.*" postag_regexp="yes">take</match></suggestion>
<suggestion><match no="1" postag="V.*" postag_regexp="yes">send</match></suggestion>
<example correction="take|send">This will <marker>return</marker> you back to the startup screen, similar to the quit button when an error comes up.</example>
<example correction="takes|sends">Clicking the link <marker>returns</marker> me back to New Relic, but results in a ‘404’.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="REPEAT_AGAIN" name="repeat again (repeat)">
<antipattern>
<token>again</token>
<token regexp="yes">and|&</token>
<token>again</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">repeat</token>
<token>again</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Possible redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="repeat">We made the song <marker>repeat again</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="REPEATED_CURRENCY" name="$500 (dollars)">
<url>https://btr.michaelkwan.com/2012/06/22/grammar-101-redundant-numbers-and-terms/</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">(¤cy_symbols;)\d+</token>
</marker>
<token spacebefore="yes" regexp="yes">dollars|euros?|Yens?</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion><match no="1" regexp_match="[$€£¥฿]" regexp_replace=""/></suggestion> only; there is no need for the currency symbol because '\2' follows.</message>
<url>https://btr.michaelkwan.com/2012/06/22/grammar-101-redundant-numbers-and-terms/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="55">She bought it for <marker>$55</marker> dollars.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" case_sensitive="yes">US[$D]</token>
<marker>
<token spacebefore="yes" regexp="yes">\d+</token>
<token spacebefore="yes">dollars</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion><match no="2"/></suggestion> only; there is no need for the currency symbol because '\3' follows.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="55">She bought it for US$ <marker>55 dollars</marker>.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="MIGHT_PERHAPS" name="might perhaps (might)">
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">in|of|after|before|since|from|to|the|next|beginning|starting</token>
<token>may</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">may|might</token>
<token regexp="yes">perhaps|possibly</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>, <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/grammar-may-vs-might/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="might|possibly">We <marker>might possibly</marker> go fishing.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="AGREE_WITH_THE_FACT" name="disagree with the fact that (disagree that)">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">disagree|agree</token>
<token>with</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1 that</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="agree that">I <marker>agree with the fact that</marker> the sky is blue.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">do</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token>disagree</token>
<token>with</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1 agree that</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="did agree that">We <marker>did not disagree with the fact that</marker> the sky is blue.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">do</token>
<token regexp="yes">not|n't</token>
<token>agree</token>
<token>with</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1 disagree that</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="did disagree that">We <marker>did not agree with the fact that</marker> the sky is blue.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="WILL_IN_THE_FUTURE" name="will in the future (will)">
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">to|a|with|the|his|her|their|y?our|my</token>
<token>will</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>will</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>future</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>will</suggestion> or <suggestion>will eventually</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/will-vs-going-to/#simple-future-tense-with-%E2%80%9Cwill%E2%80%9D</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="will|will eventually">I <marker>will in the future</marker> work hard.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WORK_COLLEAGUE" name="work colleague (colleague)">
<pattern>
<token>work</token>
<token>colleague</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="colleague">I will talk to a <marker>work colleague</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="NUMEROUS_DIFFERENT" name="numerous different (numerous)" tags="picky">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">numerous|several|many</token>
<token regexp="yes">different|separate</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="many">I will read <marker>many different</marker> books</example>
<example>I will read many books.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WHOLE_LOT" name="whole lot (lot)">
<pattern>
<token>whole</token>
<token regexp="yes">lot|bunch</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="lot">I will read a <marker>whole lot</marker> of books</example>
<example>I will read a lot of books.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FELLOW_CLASSMATE" name="fellow classmates/co-workers/comrades (classmates/co-workers/comrades)">
<pattern>
<token>fellow</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">classmate|co(-worker|worker|mrade|lleague)</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="classmates">I would enjoy a reunion with my <marker>fellow classmates</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FOREIGN_IMPORT" name="foreign import (import)">
<pattern>
<token>foreign</token>
<token inflected="yes">import</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Use simply <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="imports">The rise in <marker>foreign imports</marker>, the argument goes, is forcing some Americans to accept lower pay to remain competitive with, say, Mexican and Chinese workers.</example>
</rule>
<rule tags="picky" id="HONEST_TRUTH" name="honest truth (truth)">
<pattern>
<token>honest</token>
<token>truth</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="truth">That is the <marker>honest truth</marker> of the matter.</example>
<example>That is the truth of the matter.</example>
</rule>
<rule default="off" id="IN_ORDER_TO" name="in order to (to)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>order</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase might be considered redundant. Consider using <suggestion>\3</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="to">We opened the door <marker>in order to</marker> enter.</example>
<example>We opened the door to enter.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="INTRODUCE_FOR_THE_FIRST_TIME" name="introduce for the first time (introduce)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">introduce</token>
<token>for</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>first</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="introduced">We were <marker>introduced for the first time</marker> a week ago.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="NOUN_AROUND_IT" name="the noun around it (surrounding noun)">
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>the</token>
<!-- See WORLD_AROUND_IT rule -->
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"><exception regexp="yes">people|world</exception></token>
<token>around</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
</marker>
<token><exception postag="NN.*|CC" postag_regexp="yes"/></token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>the surrounding \2</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="the surrounding protesters">He didn't like <marker>the protesters around him</marker>.</example>
<example>Sometimes I feel like a burden on the people around me.</example> <!-- 'people around X' usually means X's inner circle (family, friends, etc.), not people physically surrounding X. -->
<example>The people around us need to know that we are real people in the process of maturing.</example> <!-- Matomo deactivation contexts would agree -->
</rule>
<rule id="PAST_EXPERIENCE_MEMORY" name="past experience/memory (experience/memory)">
<pattern>
<token>past</token>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">experience|memory</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="experience">We know from <marker>past experience</marker> that weakness breeds contempt.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="POINT_BEING_IS_THAT" name="point being is that (point is that/point being that)">
<pattern>
<token>point</token>
<token>being</token>
<token>is</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1 \3 \4</suggestion> or <suggestion>\1 \2 \4</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="point is that|point being that">The <marker>point being is that</marker> Russia and Japan weren't even at war.</example>
<example>The point is that Russia and Japan weren't even at war</example>
</rule>
<rule tags="picky" id="REASON_WHY" name="reason why (reason)">
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<marker>
<token>reason</token>
<token>why</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="reason">The <marker>reason why</marker> I did that is simple.</example>
<example>The reason I did that is simple.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="SO_THEREFORE" name="so therefore (therefore)">
<pattern>
<token>so</token>
<token>therefore</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion> or <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="so|therefore">I am me, the only me, <marker>so therefore</marker> I am unique, which in turn makes me special :)</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THERAPEUTIC_TREATMENT" name="therapeutic treatment (treatment)">
<pattern>
<token>therapeutic</token>
<token>treatment</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="treatment">My swelled knee required special <marker>therapeutic treatment</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="RUSTIC_COUNTRY" name="rustic country (rustic)">
<pattern>
<token>rustic</token>
<token>country</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="rustic">She loved her <marker>rustic country</marker> kitchen.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="VERY_UNIQUE" name="very unique (unique)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">very|strikingly|most|really|totally|somewhat</token>
<token>unique</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>\2</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="unique">Walk until you see the <marker>very unique</marker> building on your right.</example>
<example>Walk until you see a unique building on your right.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="WHETHER" name="the question whether (whether) etc.">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/whether-vs-if/#when-to-use-%E2%80%9Cwhether%E2%80%9D</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token>question</token>
<token>as</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>whether</token>
<token>or</token>
<token>not</token>
</pattern>
<message>Wordiness: Consider shortening this phrase.</message>
<suggestion>\5</suggestion>
<suggestion>\5 \6 \7</suggestion>
<suggestion>\3 \4 \5</suggestion>
<suggestion>\1 \2 \5</suggestion>
<suggestion>\3 \4 \5 \6 \7</suggestion>
<short>Wordiness</short>
<example correction="Whether|Whether or not|As to whether|The question whether|As to whether or not"><marker>The question as to whether or not</marker> it is difficult is not our concern.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>the</token>
<token>question</token>
<token>as</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>whether</token>
</marker>
<token><exception>or</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Wordiness: Consider shortening this phrase.</message>
<suggestion>\5</suggestion>
<suggestion>\1 \2 \5</suggestion>
<short>Wordiness</short>
<example correction="Whether|The question whether"><marker>The question as to whether</marker> it is difficult is not our concern.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token>question</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>whether</token>
</pattern>
<message>Wordiness: Consider shortening this phrase.</message>
<suggestion>\4</suggestion>
<suggestion>\1 \2 \4</suggestion>
<short>Wordiness</short>
<example correction="Whether|The question whether"><marker>The question of whether</marker> it is difficult is not our concern.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>whether</token>
<token>or</token>
<token>not</token>
</pattern>
<message>Wordiness: Consider shortening this phrase.</message>
<suggestion>\3</suggestion>
<suggestion>\3 \4 \5</suggestion>
<suggestion>\1 \2 \3</suggestion>
<short>Wordiness</short>
<example correction="whether|whether or not|as to whether">We are not concern <marker>as to whether or not</marker> it is difficult.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token>question</token>
<token>whether</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider shortening this phrase to just <suggestion>\3</suggestion>, or rephrase the sentence to avoid "\1 \2".</message>
<short>Possible wordiness</short>
<example correction="Whether"><marker>The question whether</marker> it is difficult is not our concern.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>as</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>whether</token>
</marker>
<token><exception>or</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider shortening this phrase to just <suggestion>\3</suggestion>, or rephrase the sentence to avoid "\1 \2".</message>
<short>Possible wordiness</short>
<example correction="Whether"><marker>As to whether</marker> it is difficult, we are not concern.</example>
<example>Whether it is difficult is not our concern.</example>
<example>We are not concern whether it is difficult.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token postag="SENT_START" />
<token skip="-1">whether</token>
<token postag="," />
<example>Whether or not the theory was true, Emmerson was intrigued by the two countries' musical affinities.</example>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>whether<exception scope="previous" regexp="yes">to|question</exception></token>
<token>or</token>
<token>not</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider shortening this phrase to just 'whether', unless you mean 'regardless of whether'.</message>
<suggestion>\1</suggestion>
<short>Possible wordiness</short>
<example correction="whether">What the government decides to do depends on <marker>whether or not</marker> the bill passes.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="FEMALE_ACTOR" name="female actor (actress)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">female|wom[ae]n</token>
<token regexp="yes">actor|actress</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>actress</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="actress">She was the first <marker>female actor</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FEMALE_WAITER" name="female waiter (waitress)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">female|wom[ae]n</token>
<token regexp="yes">waiter|waitress</token>
</pattern>
<message>Consider using <suggestion>waitress</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="waitress">She was the first <marker>female waiter</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FIRST_WOMAN_NOUN" name="first woman president (female president)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">first|second|third</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">wom[ae]n</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">officer|commander|minister|player|graduate|engineer|doctor|dentist|teacher|professor|speaker|president|senator|representative|employee|athlete|instructor|nominee|judge</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>female</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Incorrect phrase</short>
<example correction="female">She was the first <marker>woman</marker> president.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="FIRST_MAN_NOUN" name="first man president (male president)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">first|second|third</token>
<marker>
<token>man</token>
</marker>
<token regexp="yes">officer|commander|minister|player|graduate|engineer|doctor|dentist|teacher|professor|speaker|president|senator|representative|employee|athlete|instructor|nominee|judge</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>male</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Incorrect phrase</short>
<example correction="male">He was the first <marker>man</marker> employee of the company.</example>
<example>He was the first man Sarah ever kissed.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="LITTLE_BIT" name="little bit" tags="picky">
<antipattern>
<token>little</token>
<token>bit</token>
<token regexp="yes">as|about</token> <!-- 'about' is technicially okay, but it sounds awkward and makes up for a fair share of Matomo disbles -->
<example>They offered a base salary a little bit as Jway proposed.</example>
<example>A little bit about me:</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token skip="-1" regexp="yes">"e;</token>
<token>little</token>
<token skip="-1">bit</token>
<token regexp="yes">"e;</token>
<example>"Only a little bit."</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>a</token>
<token>little</token>
<token>bit</token>
<token chunk="B-VP">
<exception postag="VBN" />
</token>
<example>A little bit coming on Friday.</example>
<example>It took a little bit to figure that out.</example>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token chunk_re=".-VP" />
<token>a</token>
<token>little</token>
<token>bit</token>
<token postag="CC|PCT|SENT_END" postag_regexp="yes" />
<example>It helps if you know a little bit.</example>
</antipattern>
<rule> <!-- no 'of' -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>little</token>
<token>bit</token>
</marker>
<token><exception>of</exception></token>
</pattern>
<message>Reduce redundancy by using <suggestion>little</suggestion> or <suggestion>bit</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="little|bit">He was a <marker>little bit</marker> late.</example>
<example correction="little|bit">Every <marker>little bit</marker> will help.</example>
<example correction="little|bit">Sami felt a <marker>little bit</marker> stressed.</example>
<example correction="little|bit">However, we are a <marker>little bit</marker> concerned about the application of the policies to prevent trading on "material nonpublic information.</example>
<example correction="little|bit">Tom was a <marker>little bit</marker> embarrassed at first.</example>
<example correction="little|bit">I'm a <marker>little bit</marker> scared.</example>
<example>He was a <marker>little</marker> late.</example>
<example type="triggers_error">These bits are too large. This <marker>little bit</marker> will fit the pony's mouth perfectly.</example>
<example>She has a little bit of a temper.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- with 'of' -->
<pattern>
<marker>
<token>little</token>
<token>bit</token>
</marker>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Reduce redundancy by only using <suggestion>bit</suggestion>.</message>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="bit">She has a <marker>little bit</marker> of a temper.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<rule id="FREE_GIFT" name="free gift">
<pattern>
<token>free</token>
<token regexp="yes">gifts?|give-aways?</token>
</pattern>
<message>This phrase is redundant. Consider using <suggestion><match no="2"/></suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleonasm</url>
<short>Redundant phrase</short>
<example correction="gift">Receive a <marker>free gift</marker> with every purchase.</example>
<example correction="gifts">Compare the best phone deals with <marker>free gifts</marker>, from tablets and TVs to …</example>
<example correction="Gifts"><marker>Free gifts</marker> for you to keep!</example>
<example>Receive a <marker>gift</marker> with every purchase.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="RIO_GRANDE" name="Rio Grande (river)">
<pattern>
<token>rio</token>
<token regexp="yes">bravo|grande</token>
<token>river</token>
</pattern>
<message>'\1' means river. Simply use <suggestion>\1 \2</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://brians.wsu.edu/2016/05/26/rio-grande-river-rio-grande/</url>
<example correction="Rio Grande">The <marker>Rio Grande river</marker> is one of the principal rivers in the southwest United States and northern Mexico.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="MOUNT_FUJIYAMA" name="Mount Fuji">
<pattern>
<token>Mount</token>
<token>Fujiyama</token>
</pattern>
<message>As “Yama” means “mountain” in Japanese, better write <suggestion>Mount Fuji</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Mount Fuji"><marker>Mount Fujiyama</marker> is the highest mountain in Japan.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="HELP_TO_FIND" name="help to find (help find)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">help</token>
<token postag="PRP"/>
<token>to</token>
<token>find</token>
</pattern>
<message>In informal texts, 'to' is not necessary. Do you mean <suggestion>\1 \2 \4</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<short>Possible redundancy</short>
<example correction="help me find">Can any guru <marker>help me to find</marker> the reason?</example>
</rule>
</category>
<category id="REPETITIONS_STYLE" name="Repetitions (Style)" type="style">
<rulegroup id="REP_PASSIVE_VOICE" name="Passive voice (repetition experiment)" min_prev_matches="4" distance_tokens="80" tags="picky">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/what-is-passive-voice/</url>
<short>Passive voice</short>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NN(P?|:UN?)?" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token>'s</token>
<token regexp="yes">past|left</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token postag="NNPS?|PRP_S.*" postag_regexp="yes" />
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" max="2" />
<token regexp="yes">honou?red</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token regexp="yes">required|delayed</token>
<token postag="PCT" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>much</token>
<token>appreciated</token>
<token postag="PCT" />
</antipattern>
<rule><!-- PASSIVE_VOICE[1] -->
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token>very</token>
<token postag="VBN" />
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<marker>
<token regexp="yes">is|was</token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">t?here|live|well|nothing|yesterday</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN" chunk_re=".-VP"> <!--said|thought|believed|known|argued -->
<exception>put</exception><!-- As an alternative to an exception, specify the VBN words -->
</token>
</marker>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>You have used the passive voice repeatedly in nearby sentences. To make your writing clearer and easier to read, consider using active voice.</message>
<example correction="">It <marker>is also thought</marker> that tests are satisfactory.</example>
<example correction="">On 31 May 2013, it <marker>was announced</marker> that Andorra intended to legislate for the...</example>
<example correction="">While it <marker>was previously thought</marker> that the heavier alkali metals also...</example>
<example correction="">While it <marker>was not always generally thought</marker> that the the tests are...</example>
<example correction="">It <marker>is long known</marker> that aquifers in areas as diverse as northern...</example>
<example correction="">...guests made the confusion indescribable when it <marker>was found</marker> that scarcely anything of the costly building...</example>
<example correction="">It <marker>is disambiguated</marker> that text.</example><!-- Possibly, change the VBN token to permit only words such as thought/said -->
<example><marker>We think that</marker> tests are satisfactory.</example>
<example><marker>It is possible that</marker> the sky is blue.</example><!-- Not passive voice. 'Possible' is not a past participle verb. -->
<example><marker>It are</marker> thought that the sky is blue.</example><!-- Do not give a suggestion for incorrect grammar. -->
<example>When it was put <marker>that clearly</marker>, I was at a loss for a response.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- Passive infinitive (1/2): www.ef.co.uk/english-resources/english-grammar/passive-infinitive/ - PASSIVE_VOICE[2] -->
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token>very</token>
<token postag="VBN" />
<token>to</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token skip="1" inflected="yes">be</token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">t?here|live|well|nothing|yesterday|n?either</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN"/> <!-- said, known, believed, thought, etc. -->
</marker>
<token>to</token>
<token>have</token>
<token min="0" max="2" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">t?here|live|well|very|nothing|yesterday</exception>
</token>
<token>been</token>
</pattern>
<message>You have used the passive voice repeatedly in nearby sentences. To make your writing clearer and easier to read, consider using active voice.</message>
<example correction="">He <marker>is said</marker> to have been happy.</example>
<example correction="">He <marker>is said</marker> to have not always been happy.</example>
<example correction="">He <marker>is not thought</marker> to have been happy.</example>
<example correction="">He <marker>was not generally thought</marker> to have been happy.</example>
<example correction="">... by a litigation-funded study that has since <marker>been shown</marker> to have been 'an elaborate fraud'.</example>
<example correction="">Cult films have <marker>been falsely claimed</marker> to have been banned to increase their...</example>
<example correction="">Such mixtures <marker>are commonly thought</marker> to have first been prepared by Indian merchants for sale to...</example>
<example><marker>People said</marker> that he was happy.</example>
</rule>
<rule> <!-- Passive infinitive (2/2) <!- PASSIVE_VOICE[3] -> -->
<antipattern><!-- https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/rules-are-made-to-be-broken -->
<token regexp="yes">rules?|promises?</token>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB"/>
<token>made</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token>very</token>
<token postag="VBN" />
<token>to</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">t?here|live|well|nothing|yesterday|n?either</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN"> <!-- said, known, believed, thought, etc. -->
<exception regexp="yes">bound|interested|meant|pleased|delighted|supposed</exception>
<exception postag="JJ"/><!-- VBN_VBD removes JJ in "She was pleased to be treated. Cannot use raw_pos in the pattern, because the rule then does not find "were not usually considered. -->
</token>
</marker>
<token>to</token>
<token>be</token>
</pattern>
<message>You have used the passive voice repeatedly in nearby sentences. To make your writing clearer and easier to read, consider using active voice.</message>
<example correction="">He <marker>is said</marker> to be happy.</example>
<example correction="">They <marker>were not usually considered</marker> to be satisfactory.</example>
<example correction="">... forming the negative hydride ion, and <marker>is very occasionally considered</marker> to be a halogen on that basis.</example>
<example correction="">Premature births and stillbirths <marker>are generally not considered</marker> to be miscarriages although...</example>
<example correction="">The complexity of an algorithm <marker>is usually taken</marker> to be its worst-case complexity, unless specified ...</example>
<example><marker>People say</marker> that he is happy.</example>
<example>Let's find out what time we're supposed to be there.</example><!-- www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/be-supposed-to-do-something -->
<example>Rules are made to be broken.</example>
<example>There's got to be another way.</example>
<example>That's got to be a good sign.</example>
<example>But serious music was never meant to be soporific.</example><!-- www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/be-meant-to -->
<example>The aggressors are bound to be defeated.</example><!-- www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/be-bound-to -->
<example>She was <marker>pleased</marker> to be treated as a guest.</example><!-- Can parse 'pleased' as an adjective. Compare: She was happy to be treated... VBN_VBD removes JJ-->
<example>He is <marker>very confused</marker> to be in this situation.</example>
<example>He also is interested to be a Muslim.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- PASSIVE_VOICE[4] -->
<pattern>
<token skip="-1" regexp="yes" inflected="yes">advise|insist|propose|recommend|suggest</token>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<token postag="MD"/><!-- Without the modal verb, the sentence is subjunctive: https://www.lexico.com/grammar/#when-to-use-the-subjunctive -->
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">here|nothing|yesterday</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token>be</token>
<token postag="VBN"/>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>You have used the passive voice repeatedly in nearby sentences. To make your writing clearer and easier to read, consider using active voice.</message>
<example correction="">He insisted that red should <marker>be used</marker> by the designers.</example>
<example correction="">She suggests the designers might not always <marker>be considered</marker> the experts (by the managers), and that other people have much to offer.</example>
<example>He insisted that the designers <marker>should use</marker> red.</example>
<example>If he insists that red <marker>be used</marker>, then use red.</example><!-- Subjunctive -->
</rule>
<rule><!-- PASSIVE_VOICE[5] -->
<pattern> <!-- future perfect tense -->
<token skip="1" regexp="yes">will|shall</token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">t?here|live|well|very|nothing|yesterday|n?either</exception>
</token>
<token>have</token>
<marker>
<token>been</token>
<token postag="VBN">
<exception regexp="yes">bound|married|meant|pleased|supposed</exception>
<exception postag="JJ"/>
</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>You have used the passive voice repeatedly in nearby sentences. To make your writing clearer and easier to read, consider using active voice.</message>
<example correction="">By now, the work will have <marker>been completed</marker> by the engineers.</example>
<example correction="">Her work will not have <marker>been finished</marker> by tonight.</example>
<example correction="">Are you sure the carpets will not already have <marker>been cleaned</marker>?</example>
<example>By now, the engineers <marker>will have completed</marker> the work.</example>
<example>I think she will have been pleased by the admiration she received.</example>
<example>We will have been married for ten years on this day next week.</example><!-- VBN_VBD removes JJ -->
</rule>
<rule><!-- PASSIVE_VOICE[6] -->
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token>left</token>
<token>standing</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">are|were</token>
<token min="0" max="2" postag="RB" />
<token chunk="B-NP-plural" />
<token chunk_re="[EI]-NP-plural" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token regexp="yes">are|were</token>
<token min="0" max="2" postag="RB" />
<token postag="JJ" />
<token postag="NNP?S" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB" />
<token chunk_re=".-ADJP" postag="VBN">
<exception regexp="yes">used|pasted</exception>
</token>
</antipattern>
<antipattern><!-- This tradition is bullshit. -->
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token chunk_re=".-NP.*" postag="VBN" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token>very</token>
<token postag="VBN" />
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token postag="NN.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token inflected="yes">be<exception postag="POS"/></token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">t?here|live|well|nothing|yesterday|n?either</exception>
</token>
<token min="0" max="1">being</token>
<token postag="VBN">
<exception regexp="yes">¬passive;|based|considered|found|known|needed|required|Wed|Sat</exception> <!-- common Matomo disables -->
</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>You have used the passive voice repeatedly in nearby sentences. To make your writing clearer and easier to read, consider using active voice.</message>
<example correction="">A cake <marker>is being baked</marker> by him.</example>
<example correction="">Tests <marker>are also usually being done</marker> during the night.</example>
<example correction="">Instruments <marker>are played</marker> by her.</example>
<example correction="">Instruments <marker>were played</marker> in most cultures.</example>
<example correction="">Instruments <marker>are not always played</marker> well.</example>
<example correction="">John <marker>was given</marker> a very large book with a green cover by her.</example>
<example correction="">The mined ore <marker>is washed</marker>, crushed, classified, and separated from quartz.</example>
<example correction="">... fried meat and fried cheese <marker>are very often eaten</marker> for lunch and served in most typical restaurants.</example>
<example correction="">Many of Earth's contemporary religions <marker>are shown</marker> to still exist</example>
<example correction="">My preparations <marker>are already made</marker>—a sword and a cloak, and a bold heart and a determined hand.</example>
<example>He <marker>is baking</marker> a cake.</example>
<example>Tom and Mary were drunk and they both said some things they shouldn't have.</example>
<example>One throws a right-handed boomerang with the wind on one's left cheek.</example>
<example>The "left hand opponent" is the player to one's left who cannot defend on the right.</example>
<example>It's no use thinking about one's lost youth.</example>
<example>One who listens to one's recorded voice has the sensation of listening to a stranger.</example>
<example>Fadil's past quickly caught up.</example>
<example>The students are bored.</example>
<example>Many criminals in America are addicted to drugs.</example>
<example>The deadline for advance questions is Wed., Sept. 27.</example>
<example>It looks like Tom is absolutely disgusted.</example>
<example>This tradition is bullshit.</example>
<example>Nutella is not very well known in Japan.</example>
<example>Almost all buses on national routes are air-conditioned and offer pleasant travelling comfort.</example>
<example>Spelling rules in English are supposed to bring some order, but often carry a multitude of inconsistencies and exceptions.</example>
<example>Word is left standing in these areas.</example>
<example>Our problems are nothing compared to hers.</example>
<example>Didn't you know that Tom and Mary are extremely gifted artists?</example>
<example>The previous error analysis isn’t lost.</example>
<example>Our colleague is thrilled to get your application.</example>
</rule>
<rule><!-- PASSIVE_VOICE[7] -->
<antipattern>
<token>been</token>
<token chunk="B-NP-plural" />
<token chunk_re="[EI]-NP-plural" />
</antipattern>
<antipattern>
<token>been</token>
<token postag="JJ" />
<token postag="NNP?S" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="E-NP.*" />
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">have</token>
<token min="0" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">here|live|nothing|yesterday|n?either</exception>
</token>
<marker>
<token>been</token>
<token min="0" max="3" postag="RB">
<exception postag="IN|EX" postag_regexp="yes" />
<exception regexp="yes">t?here|live|well|very|nothing|yesterday|n?either</exception>
</token>
<token postag="VBN" chunk_re=".-VP"><exception regexp="yes">¬passive;</exception></token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>You have used the passive voice repeatedly in nearby sentences. To make your writing clearer and easier to read, consider using active voice.</message>
<example correction="">We have <marker>been warned</marker> about the strong winds on the coast.</example>
<example correction="">All of these have <marker>been absorbed</marker> into the mestiço population.</example>
<example>What little money I had was stolen.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup> <!-- end passive voice rule -->
<rulegroup id="REP_THANK_YOU_FOR" name="Rep: thank you for" min_prev_matches="1">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/thank-you-for-understanding/</url>
<antipattern><!-- ty in advance, again, once more -->
<token>thank</token>
<token>you</token>
<token regexp="yes">in|again|once</token>
</antipattern>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token postag="SENT_START|PCT|CC" postag_regexp="yes"/>
<marker>
<token>thank</token>
<token>you</token>
<token postag="RB" min="0" max="2"/>
<token>for</token>
</marker>
<token postag="P?DT|PRP\$.*" postag_regexp="yes" chunk_re="B-NP.*"/>
</pattern>
<message>You have already used this expression in nearby sentences. Consider replacing it to add variety to your writing.</message>
<suggestion>I appreciate</suggestion>
<suggestion>we appreciate</suggestion>
<suggestion>I am grateful for</suggestion>
<suggestion>we are grateful for</suggestion>
<suggestion>many thanks for</suggestion>
<example correction="I appreciate|We appreciate|I am grateful for|We are grateful for|Many thanks for"><marker>Thank you for</marker> all your help these past few days.</example>
<example correction="I appreciate|We appreciate|I am grateful for|We are grateful for|Many thanks for"><marker>Thank you so much for</marker> the fish.</example>
<example>Thank you in advance for your presence.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Plain English -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="PLAIN_ENGLISH" name="Plain English" type="style" default="off">
<!-- main source https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_plain_English_words_and_phrases -->
<!-- some rules belonging to other categories included -->
<!-- xxx marks optional edge tokens that cause an error if uncommented -->
<rule id="BE_A_X_ONE" name="Possible wordiness: be a X one">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes" inflected="yes">be|as</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token postag_regexp='yes' postag="J.*"/>
<token>one</token>
</pattern>
<message><suggestion>\1 \3</suggestion> may be more concise.</message>
<short>Possible wordiness</short>
<example correction="is easy">This test <marker>is an easy one</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ABUNDANCE" name="abundance">
<pattern>
<token>abundance</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>enough</suggestion> or <suggestion>plenty</suggestion>, or give specific amount.</message>
<example correction="enough|plenty">There is an <marker>abundance</marker> of flowers in the meadow.</example>
<example>The meadow of full of flowers.</example> <!-- ? -->
</rule>
<rule id="ACCEDE_TO" name="accede to (give in)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">accede</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Unless it is a throne that is acceded to, change into <suggestion>allow, agree to or give in to</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="allow, agree to or give in to">He <marker>acceded to</marker> our demands.</example>
<example>He gave in to our demands.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCELERATE" name="accelerate">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">accelerate</token>
</pattern>
<message>Technical. Elsewhere replace with <suggestion>speed up</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="speed up">The car <marker>accelerated</marker> from traffic lights</example>
<example>The car <marker>sped up</marker> from traffic lights</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCENTUATE" name="accentuate">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">accentuate</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace with <suggestion>stress</suggestion> or <suggestion>emphasize</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="stress|emphasize">The harsh light <marker>accentuated</marker> the ruggedness of the landscape.</example>
<example>The harsh light <marker>emphasized</marker> the ruggedness of the landscape.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCOMMODATION" name="accommodation">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">accommodation</token>
</pattern>
<message><suggestion>room</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Room"><marker>Accommodation</marker> available.</example>
<example><marker>Room</marker> available.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCOMPANY" name="accompany">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">accompany</token>
</pattern>
<message>If not in musical context, use <suggestion>go with</suggestion> or <suggestion>with</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="go with|with">You need to <marker>accompany</marker> him.</example>
<example>You need to <marker>go with</marker> him.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCOMPLISH" name="verb accomplish (do, archive, finish)">
<pattern>
<token postag="[^J][^J]" postag_regexp="yes" inflected="yes">accomplish</token>
</pattern>
<message>Try one of: <suggestion>do</suggestion> or <suggestion>achieve</suggestion> or <suggestion>finish</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Do|Achieve|Finish"><marker>Accomplish</marker> your work!</example>
<!-- <example correction="done">This work is <marker>accomplished</marker>.</example> -->
<example>He is an accomplished musician.</example>
</rule>
<!-- accorded: given-->
<!-- accordingly – Thus, so (as sentence adverb) -->
<rule id="ACCRUE" name="verb accrue">
<pattern>
<token postag="V.*" postag_regexp="yes" inflected="yes">accrue</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>add</suggestion> or <suggestion>gain</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="add|gain">The deposit <marker>accrued</marker> interest.</example>
<example>The deposit gained interest.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="ACCURATE" name="accurate">
<pattern>
<token>accurate</token>
</pattern>
<message>If it is not about aiming, use <suggestion>right</suggestion>; also <suggestion>detailed</suggestion> or <suggestion>correct</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="right|detailed|correct">We need <marker>accurate</marker> information.</example>
<example>We need right and detailed information.</example>
</rule>
<!-- acquiesce – Agree -->
<!-- acquire – get, develop -->
<rule id="ACQUIRE" name="verb acquire (get, develop)">
<pattern>
<token postag="V.*" postag_regexp="yes" inflected="yes">acquire</token>
</pattern>
<message>A simple <suggestion>get</suggestion> is enough most of the time, sometimes <suggestion>develop</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="get|develop">He <marker>acquired</marker> all the tools he needed.</example>
<example>He <marker>got</marker> all the tools he needed.</example>
</rule>
<!-- additional – Extra -->
<!-- address – Discuss -->
<!-- addressees – You -->
<!-- adjacent to – Next to -->
<!-- adjustment – Change, alteration -->
<!-- admissible – Allowed, accepted -->
<!-- advantageous – Helpful -->
<!-- adversely impact on – Hurt, set back -->
<!-- advise – Tell -->
<!-- afford an opportunity – Allow, let -->
<!-- aggregate – Total -->
<!-- alleviate – Ease, reduce -->
<!-- allocate – Divide -->
<!-- all of – All -->
<!-- all things considered -->
<rule id="ALL_THINGS_CONSIDERED" name="all things considered (omit)">
<pattern>
<token>all</token>
<token>things</token>
<token>considered</token>
<token>,</token>
</pattern>
<message>Remove as unnecessary.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>All things considered,</marker> Connecticut's woodlands are in better shape now than ever before.</example>
<example><marker/>Connecticut's woodlands are in better shape now than ever before.</example>
</rule>
<!-- along the lines of – like -->
<rule id="ALONG_THE_LINES_OF" name="along the lines of (like)">
<pattern>
<token>along</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>lines</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>like</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="like">I think my point is very much <marker>along the lines of</marker> his.</example>
<example>I think my point is very much <marker>like</marker> his.</example>
</rule>
<!-- alternatively – Or -->
<!-- ameliorate – Improve, help -->
<!-- an absence of – No, none -->
<!-- and particularly – Particularly -->
<!-- and/or – Use either "and" or "or." -->
<!-- anticipate – Expect -->
<!-- a number of – Some -->
<!-- applicant – You -->
<!-- application – Use -->
<!-- apparent – Clear, plain -->
<!-- apprehend – Arrest -->
<!-- appreciable – Many -->
<!-- appropriate – Proper, right -->
<!-- approximate – About -->
<!-- arrive onboard – Arrive -->
<!-- as a matter of fact - in fact, actually -->
<rule id="AS_A_MATTER_OF_FACT" name="as a matter of fact (in fact, actually, omit) ">
<pattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>matter</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>fact</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace with less wordy <suggestion>in fact</suggestion> or <suggestion>actually</suggestion>, or remove completely.</message>
<example correction="In fact|Actually"><marker>As a matter of fact</marker>, dry-bulb temperature indicates the amount of heat in the air.</example>
<example>Actually, dry-bulb temperature indicates the amount of heat in the air.</example>
</rule>
<!-- as a means of – To -->
<!-- ascertain – Find out, learn -->
<!-- as per our telephone conversation of this date – As we discussed this afternoon -->
<rule id="AS_PER" name="as per (as, in accordance with) ">
<pattern>
<token>as</token>
<token>per</token>
</pattern>
<message>Business jargon meaning <suggestion>in accordance with</suggestion>. Replace with <suggestion>as</suggestion> or modify the sentence.</message>
<url>https://grammarist.com/usage/as-per/</url>
<example correction="In accordance with|As"><marker>As per</marker> usual, he came late to work.</example>
<example><marker>As</marker> usual, he came late to work.</example>
</rule>
<!-- as prescribed by – In, under -->
<!-- as far as ... is concerned – (Omit) -->
<!-- <rule default="off" id="AS_FAR_AS_X_IS_CONCERNED" name="as far as ... is concerned (omit)"> -->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<!-- <token>as</token> -->
<!-- <token>far</token> -->
<!-- <token skip="-1">as<exception scope="next">and</exception></token> -->
<!-- <token>as</token> -->
<!-- <token inflected="yes">I</token> -->
<!-- <token inflected="yes">am</token> -->
<!-- <token>concerned</token> -->
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Remove as unnecessary.</message> -->
<!-- <url>http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/concise.htm</url> -->
<!-- <example correction=""><marker>As far as I am concerned,</marker> there is no need for further protection of woodlands.</example> -->
<!-- <example>There is no need for further protection of woodlands.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
<!-- as to– Of, on, with, for, to, by, in, into -->
<!-- as yet, as of yet – Yet -->
<!-- <rule id="AS_OF_YET" name="as yet, as of yet (yet, still, so far)"> -->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token>as</token> -->
<!-- <token min="0">of</token> -->
<!-- <token>yet</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Wordy. Consider <suggestion>yet</suggestion>, <suggestion>still</suggestion>, or <suggestion>so far</suggestion>.</message> -->
<!-- <url>https://grammarist.com/usage/as-yet-as-of-yet/</url> -->
<!-- <example correction="yet">The place was sold for an <marker>as of yet</marker> unknown sum.</example> -->
<!-- <example>The place was sold for a <marker>still</marker> unknown sum.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
<!-- assist, assistance – Help -->
<rule id="ASSIST_ASSISTANCE" name="assist, assistance (help)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes" regexp="yes">assist|assistance</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean simpler <suggestion>help</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="help">Do you need any <marker>assistance</marker>?</example>
<example>Do you need any <marker>help</marker>?</example>
<example correction="help">May I <marker>assist</marker> you?</example>
<example>May I <marker>help</marker> you?</example>
</rule>
<!-- at all times - always -->
<rule id="AT_ALL_TIMES" name="at all times (always) ">
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>all</token>
<token>times</token>
</pattern>
<message>Simply, <suggestion>always</suggestion>. Pay attention to place in the sentence.</message>
<example correction="always">Kingfisher can be found near water <marker>at all times</marker></example>
<example>Kingfisher can always be found near water.</example>
</rule>
<!-- at its discretion – Can, may -->
<!-- attain – Meet -->
<!-- attempt – Try -->
<!-- at the present time, at this time, at this point in time, at the moment – now (currently) -->
<rulegroup id="TIME_NOW" name="at the present time, at this time, at this point in time, at the moment (now, currently)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>present</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>now</suggestion>, <suggestion>for now</suggestion>, or if you really must, <suggestion>currently</suggestion></message>
<example correction="Now|For now|Currently"><marker>At the present time</marker>, this Wiki is experimental.</example>
<example><marker>For now</marker>, this Wiki is experimental.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>this</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use "now", or if you really must "currently". Sometimes a specific time is meant and "then" is better.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>At this time</marker>, Churchill was serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer</example>
<example>Churchill was then serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>this</token>
<token>point</token>
<token>in</token>
<token>time</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>now</suggestion>, or if you really must <suggestion>currently</suggestion></message>
<example correction="now|currently">This document has no formal standing <marker>at this point in time</marker>.</example>
<example>This document has no formal standing now.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>moment</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>now</suggestion>, or if you really must <suggestion>currently</suggestion></message>
<example correction="Now|Currently"><marker>At the moment</marker>, I am taking a leave of absence from my work.</example>
<example><marker>Now</marker>, I am taking a leave of absence from my work.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<!-- at your earliest convenience – As soon as you can -->
<rule id="AT_YOUR_EARLIEST_CONVENIENCE" name="at your earliest convenience (as soon as you can)">
<pattern>
<token>at</token>
<token>your</token>
<token>earliest</token>
<token>convenience</token>
</pattern>
<message>Overly formal. Did you mean <suggestion>as soon as you can</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="as soon as you can">Please come <marker>at your earliest convenience</marker>.</example>
<example>Please come <marker>as soon as you can</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- authorize – Allow, let -->
<!-- basis, on a – (omit) -->
<!-- on a daily basis - daily -->
<!-- on a X basis - Xly (where X is an adjective) -->
<rule id="BASIS_ON_A" name="on a x basis">
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>a</token>
<token />
<token>basis</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace with the proper adverbial form of <suggestion>\3ly</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://grammarist.com/usage/basis/</url>
<example correction="regularly">We have been coming here <marker>on a regular basis</marker> for years.</example>
<example>We have been coming here <marker>regularly</marker> for years.</example>
</rule>
<!-- on the basis of – by, from -->
<!-- be advised – (omit) -->
<rule id="BE_ADVISED" name="be advised">
<pattern>
<token postag="VB.?" postag_regexp="yes" inflected="yes">be</token>
<token>advised</token>
</pattern>
<message>Remove wordy "\1 \2"</message>
<example correction="">You <marker>are advised</marker> look after your belongings.</example>
<example>Look after your belongings.</example>
</rule>
<!-- attributable to – Because -->
<!-- because of the fact that – because, since -->
<!-- by reason of – because -->
<!-- due to the fact that – because, since -->
<!-- be advised – (omit) -->
<rule id="DUE_TO_THE_FACT" name="wordy phrase: due to the fact">
<pattern>
<token>due</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Remove wordy "\1 \2 \3 \4 \5"</message>
<suggestion>because</suggestion>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/spelling-due-to-the-fact/#%E2%80%9Cdue-to-the-fact%E2%80%9D%E2%80%94synonyms</url>
<short>Wordy phrase</short>
<example correction="because">The experiment was halted <marker>due to the fact that</marker> funding was withdrawn.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in light of the fact that – because -->
<!-- owing to the fact that – because, since -->
<!-- reason ... is because – because -->
<!-- whereas – because, since ??? not-->
<rulegroup id="BECAUSE" name="Some phrases that can be simplified">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>attributable</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>because of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="because of">His lack of conversation is <marker>attributable to</marker> his shyness.</example>
<example>His lack of conversation is <marker>because of</marker> his shyness.</example>
</rule>
<!-- <rule> -->
<!-- because of the fact that -->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token>because</token> -->
<!-- <token>of</token> -->
<!-- <token>the</token> -->
<!-- <token>fact</token> -->
<!-- <token>that</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Did you mean <suggestion>because</suggestion> or <suggestion>since</suggestion>?</message> -->
<!-- <example correction="because|since">Snape disliked them. This could be <marker>because of the fact that</marker> the Weasley twins were trouble-makers.</example> -->
<!-- <example>Snape disliked them. This could be <marker>because</marker> the Weasley twins were trouble-makers.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
<rule>
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">in|by</token>
<token regexp="yes">light|virtue</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>because</suggestion> or <suggestion>since</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="because|since">Nader had to cancel his planned invasion <marker>in light of the fact that</marker> the Abdali Afghans had rebelled and invaded Khorasan.</example>
<example>Nader had to cancel his planned invasion <marker>because</marker> the Abdali Afghans had rebelled and invaded Khorasan.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<antipattern>
<token>by</token>
<token>reason</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>insanity</token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token>by</token>
<token>reason</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Legal term "by reason of insanity" is influencing the use. Did you mean <suggestion>because of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="because of">A national emergency exists <marker>by reason of</marker> the terrorist attacks.</example>
<example>A national emergency exists <marker>because of</marker> the terrorist attacks.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>due</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>because</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="because">These two syndromes are usually referred to under one name, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, <marker>due to the fact that</marker> they are part of the same etiology.</example>
<example>These two syndromes are usually referred to under one name, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, <marker>because</marker> they are part of the same etiology.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>owing</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>because</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="because">The Stoors also had their own dialect of Hobbitish, <marker>owing to the fact that</marker> they spent some time in Dunland.</example>
<example>The Stoors also had their own dialect of Hobbitish, <marker>because</marker> they spent some time in Dunland.</example>
</rule>
<!-- <rule> -->
<!-- reason ... is because -->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token>the</token> -->
<!-- <token skip="-1">reason<exception scope="next">and</exception></token> -->
<!-- <token/> -->
<!-- <token>is</token> -->
<!-- <token>because</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Did you mean <suggestion>because</suggestion>?</message> -->
<!-- <example correction=""><marker>The reason</marker> there’s a hole in the screen door is because I tripped over the cat on my way out.</example> -->
<!-- <example>There’s a hole in the screen door because I tripped over the cat on my way out.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
</rulegroup>
<!-- beg – ask -->
<!-- belated – late -->
<rule id="BELATED" name="belated (late)">
<pattern>
<token>belated</token>
</pattern>
<message>Outdated. Did you mean <suggestion>late</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="late">They are on a <marker>belated</marker> honeymoon.</example>
<example>They are on a <marker>late</marker> honeymoon.</example>
</rule>
<!-- beneficial – helpful, useful -->
<!-- bestow – give, award -->
<!-- by means of – by, with, through -->
<rule id="BY_MEANS_OF" name="by means of (by, with, through)">
<pattern>
<token>by</token>
<token>means</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>by</suggestion>, <suggestion>with</suggestion> or <suggestion>through</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example correction="by|with|through">Major forest areas are coming back <marker>by means of</marker> natural processes.</example>
<example>Major forest areas are coming back <marker>through</marker> natural processes.</example>
<example correction="by|with|through">I opened the bottle <marker>by means of</marker> a bottle opener.</example>
<example>I opened the bottle <marker>with</marker> a bottle opener.</example>
</rule>
<!-- by virtue of – by, under -->
<!-- beverage – drink -->
<!-- capability – ability -->
<!-- caveat – warning -->
<!-- cease – stop -->
<!-- chauffeur – driver -->
<!-- clearly, obviously – (omit) -->
<rule id="CLEARLY_OR_OBVIOUSLY" name="clearly, obviously">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">clearly|obviously|doubtlessly</token>
</pattern>
<message>Something that is clear to you is not always clear to the reader. Remove "\1" unless it is necessary.</message>
<url>https://cgi.duke.edu/web/sciwriting/index.php?action=lesson3</url>
<short>Possibly demeaning adverb</short>
<example correction=""><marker>Obviously</marker>, this is important.</example>
<example>This is important.</example>
<example correction="">We have <marker>clearly</marker> arrived.</example>
<example>We have arrived.</example>
</rule>
<!-- combat environment – combat -->
<!-- combined – joint -->
<!-- commence – Begin or start -->
<!-- completely revoke – revoke -->
<!-- comply with – follow -->
<!-- complete – fill in -->
<!-- component part – -->
<!-- comprise – form -->
<!-- conceal – hide -->
<!-- concerning – about, on -->
<!-- consensus, of opinion, consensus, general – consensus -->
<!-- consequently – so -->
<!-- consolidate – join, merge -->
<!-- constitutes – is, forms, makes up -->
<!-- contains – has -->
<!-- convene – meet -->
<!-- corridor – hall -->
<!-- currently – (omit), now -->
<rule id="CURRENTLY" name="currently">
<pattern>
<token>currently</token>
</pattern>
<message>Omit or replace with <suggestion>now</suggestion></message>
<example correction="now">I am <marker>currently</marker> employed.</example>
<example>I am now employed.</example>
</rule>
<!-- deem – believe, think -->
<!-- delete – cut, drop -->
<!-- demonstrate – prove, show -->
<!-- depart – leave, go -->
<!-- designate – choose, name -->
<!-- desire – want, wish -->
<!-- determine – decide, figure, find -->
<!-- disclose – show -->
<!-- discontinue – drop, stop -->
<!-- disseminate – give, issue, pass, send -->
<!-- does not have – lacks -->
<!-- does not include – excludes, omits -->
<!-- duly (authorized, signed) – (omit) -->
<!-- during the period, during the time that – during, while -->
<!-- each and every – (omit) -->
<rule id="EACH_AND_EVERY_NOUN" name="each and every (every)">
<!-- more general pattern than in rule EACH_AND_EVERY -->
<pattern>
<token>each</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>every</token>
<token postag="N.*" postag_regexp="yes"/>
</pattern>
<message>Replace with <suggestion>\3 \4</suggestion></message>
<example correction="every door">You better check <marker>each and every door</marker>.</example>
<example>You better check <marker>every door</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- early beginnings) – beginnings, early days -->
<!-- each...apiece) – each -->
<!-- economical – cheap -->
<!-- effect modifications – make changes -->
<!-- elect – chose, pick -->
<!-- eliminate – cut, drop, end -->
<!-- else but, else than) – but -->
<!-- elucidate – explain -->
<!-- emphasize – stress -->
<!-- employ – use -->
<!-- enclosed please find – I have enclosed -->
<!-- encounter – meet -->
<!-- endeavor – try -->
<!-- enquiry – question -->
<!-- ensure – make sure -->
<!-- entitlement – right -->
<!-- enumerate – count -->
<!-- equally as – equally -->
<!-- equipments – equipment -->
<!-- equitable – fair -->
<!-- equivalent – equal -->
<!-- establish – set up, prove, show -->
<!-- evaluate – test, check -->
<!-- evidenced – showed -->
<!-- evident – (omit), clear -->
<!-- evince – show, prove -->
<!-- excluding – except -->
<!-- exclusively – only -->
<!-- exhibit – show -->
<!-- expedite – hurry -->
<!-- expeditious – fast, quick -->
<!-- expend – spend -->
<!-- expertise – ability -->
<!-- expiration – end -->
<!-- facilitate – ease, help -->
<!-- feasible – workable -->
<!-- females – women -->
<!-- finalize – complete, finish -->
<!-- first(ly), second(ly), third(ly) – first, second, third -->
<!-- first and foremost – first -->
<!-- following – after -->
<!-- for a period of – for -->
<!-- for example,______etc. – for example, such as -->
<!-- forfeit – lose, give up -->
<!-- formulate – plan -->
<!-- for all intents and purposes -->
<rule id="FOR_ALL_INTENTS_AND_PURPOSES" name="for all intents and purposes (omit)">
<pattern>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<token>for</token>
<token>all</token>
<token>intents</token>
<token>and</token>
<token>purposes</token>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
</pattern>
<message>See if you could remove this phrase.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example correction="">The era in which we must aggressively defend our woodlands has, <marker>for all intents and purposes</marker>, passed.</example>
<example>The era in which we must aggressively defend our woodlands has<marker/> passed.</example>
</rule>
<!-- for the most part -->
<rule id="FOR_THE_MOST_PART" name="for the most part (omit)">
<pattern>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<token>for</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>most</token>
<token>part</token>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> xxx-->
</pattern>
<message>See if you could remove this phrase.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example correction=""><marker>For the most part</marker> people's suspicions are based on a misunderstanding of the facts.</example>
<example><marker/>People's suspicions are based on a misunderstanding of the facts.</example>
</rule>
<!-- for the purpose of, – to , for -->
<rule id="FOR_THE_PURPOSE_OF" name="for the purpose of (to, for)">
<pattern>
<token>for</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>purpose</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>to</suggestion> or <suggestion>for</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://grammarist.com/usage/for-the-purpose-of/</url>
<example correction="to|for">Commercial shows are one-off projects put on <marker>for the purpose of</marker> making money.</example>
<example>Commercial shows are one-off projects put on <marker>to</marker> make money.</example>
<example correction="to|for">She created an account <marker>for the purpose of</marker> asking questions at the forum.</example>
<example>She created an account <marker>for</marker> asking questions at the forum.</example>
</rule>
<!-- forward – send -->
<!-- frequently – often -->
<!-- function – act, role, work -->
<!-- furnish – give, send -->
<!-- have the ability to - can -->
<rule id="HAVE_THE_ABILITY_TO" name="have the ability to (be able to, can)">
<!-- fix in rule ARE_ABLE_TO: ass inflected="yes" to verb-->
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">have</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>ability</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>can</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="can">The toddle <marker>has the ability to</marker> walk.</example>
<example>The toddle <marker>can</marker> walk.</example>
</rule>
<!-- have a tendency to - tends -->
<rule id="HAVE_A_TENDENCY" name="have a tendency (tends)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">have</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>tendency</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>tends</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="tends">This policy <marker>has a tendency</marker> to isolate some communities.</example>
<example>This policy <marker>tends</marker> to isolate some communities.</example>
</rule>
<!-- has a duty to – must -->
<!-- has a requirement for – needs -->
<!-- herein, heretofore, herewith, thereof, wherefore, wherein –(omit) -->
<!-- honest truth – truth -->
<!-- however – but, yet -->
<!-- identical – same -->
<!-- identify –find, name -->
<!-- identify with –agree, understand -->
<!-- if and when – use either word; not both -->
<!-- immediately – at once -->
<!-- impacted – affected,changed -->
<!-- implement – carry out, start -->
<!-- in accordance with – by, under -->
<!-- in addition – also, besides, too -->
<!-- in all likelihood – probably -->
<!-- in an effort to – to -->
<!-- inasmuch – since -->
<!-- in a manner of speaking -->
<rule id="IN_A_MANNER_OF_SPEAKING" name="in a manner of speaking (omit)">
<pattern>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<token>in</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>manner</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>speaking</token>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> xxx-->
</pattern>
<message>See if you could remove this phrase.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example correction="">The policy has, <marker>in a manner of speaking</marker>, begun to Balkanize the more rural parts of our state.</example>
<example>The policy has<marker/> begun to Balkanize the more rural parts of our state.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in between – between -->
<!-- in a very real sense (omit) -->
<rule id="IN_A_VERY_REAL_SENSE" name="in a very real sense (omit)">
<pattern>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<token>in</token>
<token>a</token>
<token>very</token>
<token>real</token>
<token>sense</token>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> xxx-->
</pattern>
<message>See if you could remove this phrase.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example correction=""><marker>In a very real sense</marker>, this policy works to the detriment of those it is supposed to help.</example>
<example><marker/>This policy works to the detriment of those it is supposed to help.</example>
</rule>
<!-- inception – start -->
<!-- in connection with – with, about -->
<!-- incumbent upon – must -->
<!-- indicate – say, state, or show -->
<!-- indication – sign -->
<!-- individual – person -->
<!-- in excess of – more than -->
<rule id="in_excess_of" name="in excess of (more than, over, exceeding)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>excess</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Better with <suggestion>more than</suggestion>, <suggestion>over</suggestion>, or <suggestion>exceeding</suggestion></message>
<url>https://grammarist.com/usage/in-excess-of/</url>
<example correction="more than|over|exceeding">Her three albums have sold <marker>in excess of</marker> 17 million copies worldwide</example>
<example>Her three albums have sold <marker>more than</marker> 17 million copies worldwide</example>
</rule>
<!-- in favor of – for -->
<!-- initial – first -->
<!-- initiate – start -->
<!-- in lieu of – instead -->
<!-- in many cases – often -->
<!-- in my opinion (omit) -->
<rule id="IN_MY_OPINION" name="in my opinion (omit)">
<pattern>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<token>in</token>
<token>my</token>
<token>opinion</token>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> xxx-->
</pattern>
<message>See if you could remove this phrase.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example correction=""><marker>In my opinion</marker>, this wasteful policy ought to be revoked.</example>
<example><marker/>This wasteful policy ought to be revoked.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in order that – for, so -->
<!-- in order to – to (duplicate)-->
<!-- <rule id="IN_ORDER_TO" name="in order to (to)"> -->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token>in</token> -->
<!-- <token>order</token> -->
<!-- <token>to</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Did you mean <suggestion>to</suggestion>?</message> -->
<!-- <example correction="to">She stood <marker>in order to</marker> see over the crowd.</example> -->
<!-- <example>She stood <marker>to</marker> see over the crowd.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
<!-- inquire – person -->
<!-- in regard(s) to – regarding, about, concerning, on. Refer to WITH_OR_IN_REFERENCE_OR_REGARD_TO -->
<!-- in relation to – about, with, to -->
<!-- in some instances – sometimes -->
<!-- inside of – inside -->
<!-- institute legal proceedings against, bring action against – sue -->
<!-- inter alia – (omit) -->
<!-- interface – meet, work with -->
<!-- in terms of – in, for -->
<rule id="IN_TERMS_OF" name="in terms of (in, for)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>terms</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Change to <suggestion>in</suggestion> or <suggestion>for</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://www.e-education.psu.edu/styleforstudents/c3_p35.html</url>
<example correction="in|for">Disclaimers vary <marker>in terms of</marker> their uniformity.</example>
<example>Disclaimers vary <marker>in</marker> their uniformity.</example>
</rule>
<!-- interpose no objection – don't object -->
<rulegroup id="DESPITE_THE_FACT" name="despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that (although, though)">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/grammar-despite-in-spite-of/</url>
<rule>
<!-- despite the fact that – although -->
<pattern>
<token>despite</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>although</suggestion>, <suggestion>even though</suggestion> or <suggestion>though</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="although|even though|though">He still loves her <marker>despite the fact that</marker> she cheated on him.</example>
<example>He still loves her <marker>even though</marker> she cheated on him.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<!-- in spite of the fact that - although, though -->
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>spite</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>fact</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>although</suggestion>, <suggestion>even though</suggestion> or <suggestion>though</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="although|even though|though">He still loves her <marker>in spite of the fact that</marker> she cheated on him.</example>
<example>He still loves her <marker>even though</marker> she cheated on him.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<!-- in the affirmative - yes, affirmatively -->
<rule id="IN_THE_AFFIRMATIVE" name="in the affirmative (yes, affirmatively)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>affirmative</token>
</pattern>
<message>Change to <suggestion>yes</suggestion> or <suggestion>affirmatively</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://grammarist.com/usage/in-the-affirmative/</url>
<example correction="yes|affirmatively">The poll asked average Israelis if they support such a program, and 82 percent responded <marker>in the affirmative</marker>.</example>
<example>The poll asked average Israelis if they support such a program, and 82 percent responded <marker>yes</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in the amount of – for -->
<!-- case of, in the – (omit) -->
<!-- in the case of – about, to -->
<rule id="IN_THE_CASE_OF" name="in the case of (about, to)">
<pattern>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>case</token>
<token>of</token>
<!-- <token min="0">,</token> -->
</pattern>
<message>Change to <suggestion>about</suggestion> or <suggestion>to</suggestion> and change the word order of the sentence.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example correction="About|To"><marker>In the case of</marker> this particular policy, citizens of northeast Connecticut became very upset.</example>
<example>Citizens of northeast Connecticut became very upset <marker>about</marker> this particular policy.</example>
<example correction="About|To"><marker>In the case of</marker> this woman, we'll not grant permission.</example>
<example>We'll not grant permission <marker>to</marker> this woman.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in the event of – if -->
<!-- in the event that – if, in case -->
<rule id="IN_THE_EVENT" name="in the event of, in the event that (if, in case)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>event</token>
<token regexp="yes">of|that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>if</suggestion> or <suggestion>in case of</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="If|In case of"><marker>In the event that</marker> I can't come back by seven, you can eat without me.</example>
<example><marker>If</marker> I can't come back by seven, you can eat without me.</example>
<example correction="If|In case of"><marker>In the event of</marker> rain, the race will be cancelled.</example>
<example correction="If|In case of"><marker>In the event that</marker> it rains, the race will be canceled.</example>
<example><marker>If</marker> it rains, the race will be canceled.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in the final analysis - finally -->
<rule id="IN_THE_FINAL_ANALYSIS" name="in the final or last or ultimate analysis (finally, in conclusion)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token regexp="yes">final|last|ultimate</token>
<token>analysis</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>finally</suggestion> or <suggestion>in conclusion</suggestion>? You could remove the phase, too.</message>
<example correction="Finally|In conclusion"><marker>In the final analysis</marker>, it is their war.</example>
<example><marker>Finally</marker>, it is their war.</example>
<example correction="Finally|In conclusion"><marker>In the ultimate analysis</marker>, only the jury can strip a man of his liberty or his life.</example>
<example><marker>In conclusion</marker>, only the jury can strip a man of his liberty or his life.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in the nature of – like -->
<rule id="IN_THE_NATURE_OF" name="in the nature of (like)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>nature</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>like</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example correction="like">Something <marker>in the nature of</marker> a repeal may soon take place.</example>
<example>Something <marker>like</marker> a repeal may soon take place.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in the near future – shortly, soon -->
<!-- in the neighborhood of - about -->
<rule id="IN_THE_NEIGHBORHOOD_OF" name="in the neighborhood of (about)">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>neighborhood</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Can be used as <suggestion>almost</suggestion>, <suggestion>approximately</suggestion>, <suggestion>more or less</suggestion>, <suggestion>around</suggestion>. Often <suggestion>about</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="almost|approximately|more or less|around|about">They searched for the keys <marker>in the neighborhood of</marker> the playground.</example>
<example>They searched for the keys <marker>around</marker> the playground.</example>
<example correction="almost|approximately|more or less|around|about">Residents planted 1200 trees in one day <marker>in the neighborhood of</marker> Ballard.</example>
<example>Residents planted 1200 trees in one day <marker>around</marker> Ballard.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in the process of – (omit) -->
<rule id="IN_THE_PROCESS_OF" name="in the process of">
<pattern>
<token>in</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>process</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Possibly empty phrase "\1 \2 \3 \4" when it means "currently".</message>
<url>https://grammarist.com/usage/in-the-process-of/</url>
<example correction="">The work is <marker>in the process of</marker> getting done.</example>
<example>The work is getting done.</example>
</rule>
<!-- in view of – since -->
<!-- in view of the above – so -->
<!-- irregardless – regardless -->
<!-- is applicable to – applies to -->
<!-- is authorized to – may -->
<!-- is in consonance with – agrees with, follows -->
<!-- is responsible for – (omit) handles -->
<!-- it is – (omit) -->
<!-- it is essential – must, need to -->
<!-- it is requested – please, we request, I request -->
<!-- it is important to add that, in this regard it is of significance that,
it may be recalled that, it is interesting to point out that – (omit) -->
<!-- it appears – seems -->
<!-- it seems that -->
<rule id="IT_SEEMS_OR_APPEARS_THAT" name="it seems that (omit)">
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<token regexp="yes">seems|appears</token>
<token>that</token>
</pattern>
<message>Possibly empty phrase "\1 \2 \3"</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example correction=""><marker>It seems that</marker> they can't wait to get rid of this one.</example>
<example><marker/>They can't wait to get rid of this one.</example>
</rule>
<!-- liaison – discussion -->
<!-- -ly (doubtless, fast, ill, much, seldom, thus) – (omit) -->
<!-- last will and testament – will -->
<!-- magnitude – size -->
<!-- maintain – keep, support -->
<!-- in the majority of instances – usually -->
<!-- majority – most (except for voting) -->
<rule id="MAJORITY" name="majority (most, usually) when not voting">
<pattern>
<!-- <token min="0">the</token> -->
<token>majority</token>
</pattern>
<message>Majority in the sense of "more than half" is used with countable nouns only (esp. when voting); for uncountable nouns, use <suggestion>most</suggestion> or <suggestion>usually</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Most|Usually"><marker>Majority</marker> of the world is covered with water.</example>
<example><marker>Most</marker> of the world is covered with water.</example>
</rule>
<!-- make a mockery of – (omit) -->
<!-- make decisions about - decide on -->
<rule id="MAKE_DECISIONS_ABOUT" name="make decisions about (decide on)">
<pattern>
<token>make</token>
<token inflected="yes">decision</token>
<token>about</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>decide on</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="decide on">The school board will <marker>make decision about</marker> the first day of school.</example>
<example>The school board will <marker>decide on</marker> the first day of school.</example>
</rule>
<!-- make an attempt, make an effort – try -->
<rule id="MAKE_AN_ATTEMPT" name="make an attempt/effort/try (try)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">make</token>
<token regexp="yes">an?</token>
<token regexp="yes">attempt|effort|try</token>
</pattern>
<message>Can you write <suggestion><match no="1" postag_regexp="yes" postag="(VB.*)" postag_replace="$1">try</match></suggestion> and still be correct?</message>
<short>Possible wordiness</short>
<example correction="try">We should <marker>make an effort</marker> to win.</example>
<example>We should <marker>try</marker> to win.</example>
<example correction="trying">He's <marker>making an attempt</marker> to win the gold medal.</example>
<example>He's trying to win the gold medal.</example>
<example correction="tried">Others at least <marker>made a try</marker> to get into a good job.</example>
<example type="triggers_error">Evan Browne needed to <marker>make a try</marker> saving tackle just short of the try line.</example><!-- A few instances on COCA. The usual rugby term is 'score a try'. -->
</rule>
<!-- make reference to – refer -->
<!-- maximum – greatest, largest, most -->
<!-- mental attitude – attitude -->
<!-- merge together – merge -->
<!-- methodology – method -->
<!-- minimize – decrease, method -->
<!-- minimum – least, smallest -->
<!-- modify – change -->
<!-- monitor – check, watch -->
<!-- month + of + year – March 2013 -->
<!-- moreover – what's more -->
<!-- multiple – many -->
<!-- nature, of a – (omit) -->
<!-- necessitate – cause, need -->
<!-- nevertheless – still, besides, even so -->
<!-- notify – let know, tell -->
<!-- not able – unable -->
<rule id="NOT_ABLE" name="not able (unable)">
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token>able</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid using "not". Did you mean <suggestion>unable</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="unable">He was <marker>not able</marker> to join the meeting.</example>
<example>He was <marker>unable</marker> to join the meeting.</example>
</rule>
<!-- not accept – reject -->
<rule id="NOT_ACCEPT" name="not accept (reject)">
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token inflected="yes">accept</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid using "not". Did you mean <suggestion>reject</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="reject">He does <marker>not accept</marker> the proposal.</example>
<example>He <marker>rejects</marker> the proposal.</example>
</rule>
<!-- not certain – uncertain -->
<rule id="NOT_CERTAIN" name="not certain (uncertain)">
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token>certain</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid using "not". Did you mean <suggestion>uncertain</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="uncertain">Future is <marker>not certain</marker>.</example>
<example>Future is <marker>uncertain</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- not unlike – similar, alike : litote -->
<rule id="NOT_UNLIKE" name="not unlike (similar, alike)">
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token>unlike</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid using "not". Did you mean <suggestion>similar</suggestion> or <suggestion>alike</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="similar|alike">Sisters were <marker>not unlike</marker>.</example>
<example>Sisters were <marker>alike</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- not many – few -->
<rule id="NOT_MANY" name="not many (few)">
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token>many</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid using "not". Did you mean <suggestion>few</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="Few"><marker>Not many</marker> people know this.</example>
<example><marker>Few</marker> people know this.</example>
</rule>
<!-- not often – seldom, rare, rarely -->
<rule id="NOT_VERY_OFTEN" name="not often, not very often (seldom. rare, rarely)">
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token min="0">very</token>
<token>often</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid using "not". Did you mean <suggestion>seldom</suggestion>, <suggestion>rare</suggestion> or <suggestion>rarely</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="seldom|rare|rarely">It is <marker>not very often</marker> that a hotel exceeds your expectations.</example>
<example>It is <marker>rare</marker> that a hotel exceeds your expectations.</example>
</rule>
<!-- not the same – different -->
<rule id="NOT_THE_SAME" name="not the same (different)">
<pattern>
<token>not</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>same</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid using "not". Did you mean <suggestion>different</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="different">The taste is <marker>not the same</marker>.</example>
<example>The taste is <marker>different</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- not...unless, not...except – only if -->
<!-- not...until – only when -->
<!-- not later than 10 May – by 10 May, before 11 May not later than 1600 by 1600 -->
<!-- notwithstanding – in spite of, still -->
<!-- now comes – (omit) -->
<!-- null and void – use either "null" or "void" -->
<!-- numerous – many -->
<!-- objective – aim, goal -->
<!-- obligate – bind, compel -->
<!-- observe – see on a _________basis (omit) -->
<!-- obtain – get -->
<rule id="OBTAIN" name="obtain (get)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">obtain</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean simpler <suggestion>get</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="get">We need to <marker>obtain</marker> visas.</example>
<example>We need to <marker>get</marker> visas.</example>
</rule>
<!-- off of – off -->
<!-- on request – if you ask -->
<!-- on the contrary – but, so -->
<!-- on the grounds that – (omit) -->
<!-- on the occasion of - when -->
<rule id="ON_THE_OCCASION_OF" name="on the occasion of (on, when, because of)">
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>occasion</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>on</suggestion>? Try also <suggestion>when</suggestion> and <suggestion>because of</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="on|when|because of">I was congratulated <marker>on the occasion of</marker> my son's birthday.</example>
<example>I was congratulated <marker>on</marker> my son's birthday.</example>
</rule>
<!-- on the other hand – (omit); -->
<rule id="ON_THE_OTHER_HAND" name="on the other hand (omit, but, yet)">
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>other</token>
<token>hand</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid completely or try <suggestion>but</suggestion>, <suggestion>yet</suggestion></message>
<example correction="But|Yet"><!--It was quite a good bargain. --><marker>On the other hand</marker>, do we really need one?</example>
<example>It was quite a good bargain, <marker>but</marker> do we really need one?</example>
</rule>
<!-- on the part of – by -->
<!-- on two separate occasions - twice -->
<rule id="ON_TWO_SEPARATE_OCCASIONS" name="on two separate occasions (twice)">
<pattern>
<token>on</token>
<token>two</token>
<token>separate</token>
<token>occasions</token>
</pattern>
<message>Did you mean <suggestion>twice</suggestion>?</message>
<example correction="twice">I stayed here <marker>on two separate occasions</marker>.</example>
<example>I stayed here <marker>twice</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- operate – run, use, work -->
<!-- optimum – best, greatest, most -->
<!-- option – choice, way -->
<!-- orientate – orient -->
<!-- ...out (calculate, cancel, distribute, segregate, separate) – omit -->
<!-- outside of – outside -->
<!-- overall (unless it means the garment) – (omit) -->
<!-- <rule id="OVERALL" name="overall, not the garment, but sentence adverb"> -->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token postag="BB" postag_regexp="yes">overall</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Remove wordy \1</message> -->
<!-- <example correction=""><marker>Overall</marker>, we are happy.</example> -->
<!-- <example>We are happy.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
<!-- oversight -->
<!-- parameters – limits ??? perimeters???-->
<!-- participate – take part -->
<!-- particulars – details -->
<!-- pass away – die -->
<!-- per annum – a year -->
<!-- perchance – perhaps -->
<!-- perform – do -->
<!-- permit – let -->
<!-- pertaining to – about, of, on -->
<!-- perspire – sweat -->
<!-- peruse – read -->
<!-- PIN number – PIN -->
<!-- place – put -->
<!-- portion – part -->
<!-- possess – have, own -->
<!-- point in time, particular point in time – time, point, now, moment -->
<!-- potentiality – potential -->
<!-- practicable – practical -->
<!-- preclude – prevent -->
<!-- preowned – used -->
<!-- preliminary to, previous to, previously, prior to – before -->
<!-- preparatory to – to prepare for -->
<!-- prioritize – rank; -->
<!-- proceed – do, go ahead, try -->
<!-- procure – (omit) -->
<!-- proficiency – skill -->
<!-- promulgate – issue, publish -->
<!-- provide – give, offer, say -->
<!-- provided that – if -->
<!-- provide guidance for – guide -->
<!-- purchase – buy -->
<!-- pursuant to – by, following, per, under; -->
<!-- out, as required by -->
<!-- whether or not – whether -->
<!-- the question as to whether, a question of whether – whether-->
<rulegroup id="QUESTION_X_WHETHER" name="question as to whether, question of whether (question whether)">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/whether-vs-if/#when-to-use-%E2%80%9Cwhether%E2%80%9D</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token min="0" regexp="yes">the|a</token>
<token>question</token>
<token>as</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>whether</token>
</pattern>
<message>Verbose. Use <suggestion>whether</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="Whether"><marker>The question as to whether</marker> it will do any good hasn’t been determined.</example>
<example><marker>Whether</marker> it will do any good hasn’t been determined.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token min="0" regexp="yes">the|a</token>
<token>question</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>whether</token>
</pattern>
<message>Verbose. Use <suggestion>question whether</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="question whether">There is <marker>a question of whether</marker> we need to be there or not.</example>
<example>There is <marker>question whether</marker> we need to be there or not.</example>
</rule>
<!-- <rule> -->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token>whether</token> -->
<!-- <token>or</token> -->
<!-- <token>not</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Verbose. Use <suggestion>whether</suggestion>.</message> -->
<!-- <example correction="whether">We do not know <marker>whether or not</marker> we need to be there.</example> -->
<!-- <example>We do not know <marker>whether</marker> we need to be there.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
</rulegroup>
<!-- quite puzzling – baffling -->
<!-- refer back – refer -->
<!-- reflect – say, show -->
<!-- regard as being – regard as -->
<rule id="REGARD_AS_BEING" name="regard as being (regard as)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">regard</token>
<token>as</token>
<token>being</token>
</pattern>
<message>Word "being" is redundant. Use <suggestion>\1 \2</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="regard as">What industries do you <marker>regard as being</marker> highly competitive?</example>
<example>What industries do you <marker>regard as</marker> highly competitive?</example>
</rule>
<!-- regarding – about, of, on -->
<!-- relative to – about, on -->
<!-- relocate – move -->
<!-- remain – stay -->
<!-- remainder – rest -->
<!-- remuneration – pay, payment -->
<!-- render – give, make -->
<!-- represents – is -->
<!-- request – ask -->
<!-- require – must, need -->
<!-- requirement – need, -->
<!-- reside, residence – live, house -->
<!-- respectively – (omit) -->
<!-- retain – keep -->
<!-- retire – go to bed -->
<!-- said, some, such, same – the, this, that -->
<!-- selection – choice -->
<!-- set forth in – in -->
<!-- shall – must -->
<!-- should you wish – if you want -->
<!-- similar to – like -->
<!-- solicit – ask for, request -->
<rule id="SOLICIT_FOR" name="solicit for">
<pattern>
<token postag="V.*" postag_regexp="yes" inflected="yes">solicit</token>
<token>for</token>
</pattern>
<message>Avoid. Use <suggestion>asking for</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="asking for">We are <marker>soliciting for</marker> suggestions.</example>
<example>We are <marker>asking for</marker> suggestions.</example>
</rule>
<!-- sooner rather than later - soon, now -->
<rule id="SOONER_RATHER_THAN_LATER" name="sooner rather than later (soon, now)">
<pattern>
<token>sooner</token>
<token>rather</token>
<token>than</token>
<token>later</token>
</pattern>
<message>Try <suggestion>soon</suggestion> or <suggestion>now</suggestion> meaning <suggestion>sooner than expected</suggestion>.</message>
<url>https://grammarist.com/usage/sooner-rather-than-later/</url>
<example correction="soon|now|sooner than expected">I believe that spring will be here <marker>sooner rather than later</marker>.</example>
<example>I believe that spring will be here <marker>soon</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- state-of-the-art – latest -->
<rulegroup id="STATE-OF-THE-ART" name="state-of-the-art">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>state-of-the-art</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>latest</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="latest">Many covet for a <marker>state-of-the-art</marker> cell phone.</example>
<example>Many covet for a <marker>latest</marker> cell phone.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>state</token>
<token>of</token>
<token>the</token>
<token>art</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>latest</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="latest">Many covet for a <marker>state of the art</marker> cell phone.</example>
<example>Many covet for a <marker>latest</marker> cell phone.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<!-- strategize – plan -->
<!-- subject – the, this, your -->
<!-- submit – give, send -->
<!-- subsequent, subsequently, subsequent to –later, next, after, then -->
<!-- substantial – large, much -->
<!-- successfully complete – complete, pass -->
<!-- sufficient – enough -->
<rule id="SUFFICIENT" name="sufficient (enough)">
<pattern>
<token>sufficient</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>enough</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="enough">That is <marker>sufficient</marker> reason.</example>
<example>That is reason <marker>enough</marker>.</example>
<example correction="enough">He was adding more until it was <marker>sufficient</marker>.</example>
<example>He was adding more until it was <marker>enough</marker>.</example>
</rule>
<!-- take action to – (omit) -->
<rule id="TAKE_ACTION_TO" name="take action to (omit)">
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">take</token>
<token>action</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Remove as verbose.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>Take action to</marker> fight climate change.</example>
<example>Fight climate change.</example>
</rule>
<!-- terminate – end, stop -->
<!-- than was formerly the case – now -->
<!-- that exists -->
<rule id="THAT_EXISTS" name="that exists (omit)">
<pattern>
<token>that</token>
<token>exists</token>
</pattern>
<message>Try removing the phrase.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example correction="">The fear <marker>that exists</marker> among many people that we are losing our woodlands is uncalled for.</example>
<example>The fear <marker/> among many people that we are losing our woodlands is uncalled for.</example>
</rule>
<!-- the level of water rose - the water rose -->
<!-- the month of – (omit) -->
<!-- AssertionFailedError -->
<!-- the people who are located in - the people in -->
<!-- the pie that is located in - the pie in !!!-->
<!-- <rule id="IS_LOCATED_IN" name="who/that is located in (in)">-->
<!-- <pattern> -->
<!-- <token regexp="yes">who|that</token> -->
<!-- <token inflected="yes">are</token> -->
<!-- <token>located</token> -->
<!-- <token>in</token> -->
<!-- </pattern> -->
<!-- <message>Use <suggestion>in</suggestion>.</message> -->
<!-- <example correction="in">Can I accept orders from buyers <marker>who are located in</marker> other countries?</example> -->
<!-- <example>Can I accept orders from buyers <marker>in</marker> other countries?</example> -->
<!-- <example correction="in">Acn9 is a novel protein of gluconeogenesis <marker>that is located in</marker> the mitochondrial intermembrane space.</example> -->
<!-- <example>Acn9 is a novel protein of gluconeogenesis <marker>in</marker> the mitochondrial intermembrane space.</example> -->
<!-- </rule> -->
<!-- there are – (omit) -->
<!-- therefore – thus, so -->
<!-- therein – there -->
<!-- there is – (omit) -->
<!-- the undersigned – I -->
<rule id="THE_UNDERSIGNED" name="the undersigned (I, me, we)">
<pattern>
<token>the</token>
<token>undersigned</token>
</pattern>
<message>Legalese. Did you mean <suggestion>I</suggestion>, <suggestion>me</suggestion> or <suggestion>we</suggestion>?</message>
<url>https://www.businesswritingblog.com/business_writing/2009/02/who-is-the-undersigned-me-.html</url>
<example correction="I|me|we">Please contact <marker>the undersigned</marker>.</example>
<example>Please call <marker>me</marker> on this number.</example>
</rule>
<!-- the use of – (omit) -->
<!-- this activity, command – us, we -->
<!-- timely – prompt -->
<!-- time period – (either one) -->
<!-- to be violative of – violate -->
<!-- took advantage of – preyed -->
<!-- to wit – (omit) -->
<!-- transpire – happen -->
<!-- transmit – send -->
<!-- type of – (omit) -->
<rule id="TYPE_OF" name="type of (omit)">
<pattern>
<token>type</token>
<token>of</token>
</pattern>
<message>Try removing the phrase "\1 \2".</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example correction="">Legislators need to be more careful of the <marker>type of</marker> policy they propose.</example>
<example>Legislators need to be more careful of the <marker/> policy they propose.</example>
</rule>
<!-- under the provisions of – under -->
<!-- until such time as – until -->
<rule id="UNTIL_SUCH_TIME_AS" name="until such time as (until)">
<pattern>
<token>until</token>
<token>such</token>
<token>time</token>
<token>as</token>
</pattern>
<message>Use <suggestion>until</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="until">He may keep the key <marker>until such time as</marker> he resigns.</example>
<example>He may keep the key <marker>until</marker> he resigns.</example>
</rule>
<!-- utilize, utilization – use -->
<!-- validate – confirm -->
<!-- variation – change -->
<!-- various different – "various" or "different" -->
<!-- very – (omit) -->
<!-- very angry – enraged -->
<!-- viable – practical, workable -->
<!-- warrant – call for, permit -->
<!-- we are in receipt of – we've received -->
<!-- whosoever, whomsoever – whoever, whomever -->
<!-- what I mean to say is -->
<rule id="WHAT_I_MEAN_TO_SAY_IS_THAT" name="what I mean to say is that (omit)">
<pattern>
<token>what</token>
<token inflected="yes">I</token>
<token inflected="yes">mean</token>
<token>to</token>
<token>say</token>
<token>is</token>
<token>that</token>
<!-- <token min="0">that</token> xxx-->
</pattern>
<message>Try removing the phrase.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example correction=""><marker>What I mean to say is that</marker> well intentioned lawmakers sometimes make fools of themselves.</example>
<example><marker/>Well intentioned lawmakers sometimes make fools of themselves.</example>
</rule>
<!-- with a view to – by, from -->
<!-- with reference to, with regard to – about, of, on, for -->
<rule id="WITH_OR_IN_REFERENCE_OR_REGARD_TO" name="with/in reference to, with/in regard to (about, of, on, for, concerning, regarding)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">with|in</token>
<token regexp="yes">reference|regard</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace with shorter <suggestion>about</suggestion>, <suggestion>of</suggestion>, <suggestion>on</suggestion>, <suggestion>for</suggestion>, <suggestion>concerning</suggestion>, or <suggestion>regarding</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">Statement <marker>in reference to</marker> the book.</example>
<example>Statement <marker>on</marker> the book.</example>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">What shall we do <marker>in regard to</marker> the dinner?</example>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">What shall we do <marker>with regard to</marker> the dinner?</example>
<example>What shall we do <marker>about</marker> the dinner?</example>
<example>What shall we do <marker>regarding</marker> the dinner?</example>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">This reply is <marker>in regard to</marker> your message earlier this week.</example>
<example>This reply <marker>concerns</marker> your message earlier this week.</example>
<example>This reply is <marker>about</marker> your message earlier this week.</example>
<example correction="About|Of|On|For|Concerning|Regarding"><marker>With regard to</marker> your letter last week, …</example>
<example><marker>Regarding</marker> your letter last week, …</example>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">Misunderstanding can arise <marker>in reference to</marker> how a person becomes certified or credentialed.</example>
<example>Misunderstanding can arise <marker>about</marker> how a person becomes certified or credentialed.</example>
<example>Misunderstanding can arise <marker>regarding</marker> how a person becomes certified or credentialed.</example>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">The veterinary clinic gets many calls from children <marker>with regard to</marker> lost pets.</example>
<example>The veterinary clinic gets many calls from children <marker>concerning</marker> lost pets.</example>
<example>The veterinary clinic gets many calls from children <marker>regarding</marker> lost pets.</example>
<example>The veterinary clinic gets many calls from children <marker>about</marker> lost pets.</example>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">This test is important <marker>with regard to</marker> the new rules.</example>
<example>This test is important <marker>for</marker> the new rules.</example>
<example correction="about|of|on|for|concerning|regarding">Before you do a test <marker>with regard to</marker> a rule, always include a correct example and an incorrect example.</example>
<example>Before you do a test <marker>of</marker> a rule, always include a correct example and an incorrect example.</example>
</rule>
<!-- with respect to – on, about -->
<!-- with the exception of – except for -->
<!-- with the minimum of delay – quickly (or say when) -->
<!-- witnessed – saw -->
<!-- worthwhile -->
<rule id="WORTHWHILE" name="worthwhile is weak">
<pattern>
<token postag="JJ">worthwhile</token>
</pattern>
<message>Weak word. Use something stronger like <suggestion>valuable</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="valuable">It was a <marker>worthwhile</marker> endeavor.</example>
<example>It was a valuable endeavor.</example>
</rule>
<!-- you are requested – please -->
<rule id="YOU_ARE_REQUESTED" name="you are requested (please)">
<pattern>
<token>you</token>
<token>are</token>
<token>requested</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace with <suggestion>please</suggestion></message>
<example correction="please"><marker>you are requested to</marker> sit down.</example>
<example>Please sit down.</example>
</rule>
<!-- your attention is drawn – please see, please note -->
<!-- draw to your attention - point out -->
<rulegroup id="DRAW_ATTENTION" name="your attention is drawn, draw to your attention (please see, please note, point out)">
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>your</token>
<token>attention</token>
<token>is</token>
<token>drawn</token>
<token/>
</pattern>
<message>Replace with <suggestion>please see</suggestion> or <suggestion>please note</suggestion></message>
<example correction="Please see|Please note"><marker>Your attention is drawn to</marker> the last page.</example>
<example><marker>Please see</marker> the last page.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>draw</token>
<token>your</token>
<token>attention</token>
<token>to</token>
</pattern>
<message>Replace with <suggestion>point out</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="point out">We'd like to <marker>draw your attention to</marker> the last picture.</example>
<example>We'd like to <marker>point out</marker> the last picture.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
<!-- your office – you -->
<!-- / (slash) – and, or -->
<rule id="REFERRING_BACK" name="Legal jargon referring to previous text">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">above-mentioned|abovementioned|above-listed|abovelisted|beforementioned|before-mentioned|aforementioned|afore-mentioned</token>
</pattern>
<message>Legalese. Bad style in any normal text. Remove and explain. Use <suggestion>this</suggestion> or <suggestion>these</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>above-mentioned</marker> fact is important.</example>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>abovementioned</marker> fact is important.</example>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>above-listed</marker> points must not be forgotten.</example>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>abovelisted</marker> points must not be forgotten.</example>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>before-mentioned</marker> fact is important.</example>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>beforementioned</marker> fact is important.</example>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>afore-mentioned</marker> fact is important.</example>
<example correction="this|these">The <marker>aforementioned</marker> fact is important.</example>
<example>Like I mentioned before, it is important not to follow rules blindly</example>
<example>This fact is important.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="THE_TRUTH_OR_FACT_IS" name="Starting sentence with 'The truth/fact is'.">
<pattern case_sensitive="yes">
<token postag="SENT_START"/>
<marker>
<token>The</token>
<token regexp="yes">truth|fact</token>
<token>is</token>
</marker>
</pattern>
<message>Remove. Just say what the truth or fact is.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>The truth is</marker>, this is annoying.</example>
<example>This is annoying.</example>
<example correction=""><marker>The fact is</marker>, they are not here.</example>
<example>They are not here.</example>
</rule>
<!-- tired intensifiers - use sparingly -->
<!-- really, very, quite, extremely, severely -->
<rule default="off" id="TIRED_INTENSIFIERS" name="really, very, quite, extremely, severely (use sparingly)">
<pattern>
<token regexp="yes">really|very|quite|extremely|severely</token>
</pattern>
<message>Usually, the word "\1" is not necessary. Remove it unless it is necessary.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/wordiness/</url>
<example correction="">The band is <marker>very</marker> irritating.</example>
<example>The band is irritating.</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="EMPHATIC_REFLEXIVE_PRONOUNS" name="emphatic reflexive pronouns (I myself)">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/reflexive-pronouns/</url>
<short>Emphatic reflexive pronoun</short>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>I</token>
<token regexp="yes">myself|personally</token>
</pattern>
<message>Although '\1 \2' is correct, it is not always necessary. If possible, use only <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="I"><!--There are no biscuits. --><marker>I myself</marker> ate the last one.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>you</token>
<token regexp="yes">yoursel(f|ves)</token>
</pattern>
<message>Although '\1 \2' is correct, it is not always necessary. If possible, use only <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="you"><!--I cannot do it for you. -->Only <marker>you yourself</marker> can do it.</example>
<example correction="you"><!--I cannot do it for you. -->Only <marker>you yourselves</marker> can do it.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>we</token>
<token>ourselves</token>
</pattern>
<message>Although '\1 \2' is correct, it is not always necessary. If possible, use only <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="We"><!--They cannot do it for us. --><marker>We ourselves</marker> must do it.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>he</token>
<token>himself</token>
</pattern>
<message>Although '\1 \2' is correct, it is not always necessary. If possible, use only <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="he"><!--You cannot do it for him. -->Only <marker>he himself</marker> can do it.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>she</token>
<token>herself</token>
</pattern>
<message>Although '\1 \2' is correct, it is not always necessary. If possible, use only <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="she"><!--You cannot do it for her. -->Only <marker>she herself</marker> can do it.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<token>itself</token>
</pattern>
<message>Although '\1 \2' is correct, it is not always necessary. If possible, use only <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="It"><!--The software update is not correct. --><marker>It itself</marker> causes more problems than in solves.</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>they</token>
<token>themselves</token>
</pattern>
<message>Although '\1 \2' is correct, it is not always necessary. If possible, use only <suggestion>\1</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction="they"><!--You cannot do it them. -->Only <marker>they themselves</marker> can do it.</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- Wikipedia -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="WIKIPEDIA" name="Wikipedia" type="style" default="off">
<rule id="HASH_SYMBOL" name="Replace '#'">
<pattern>
<token>#</token>
</pattern>
<message>Wikipedia style. Replace "#" with <suggestion>No. </suggestion> or <suggestion>number </suggestion> when referring to numbers or rankings.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Number_signs</url>
<example correction='No. |number '>The <marker>#</marker>3</example>
<example>No.</example>
<example>number</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WIKIPEDIA_12_PM" name="Replace '12 pm' with 'noon'">
<pattern>
<token>12</token>
<token>pm</token>
</pattern>
<message>Wikipedia style. Replace "12 pm" with <suggestion>noon</suggestion> for clarity.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Time_of_day</url>
<example correction='noon'>At <marker>12 pm</marker></example>
<example>noon</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WIKIPEDIA_12_AM" name="Replace '12 am' with 'midnight'">
<pattern>
<token>12</token>
<token>am</token>
</pattern>
<message>Wikipedia style. Replace "12 am" with <suggestion>midnight</suggestion> for clarity.</message>
<url>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Time_of_day</url>
<example correction='midnight'>At <marker>12 am</marker></example>
<example>midnight</example>
</rule>
<rule id="WIKIPEDIA_CURRENTLY" name="Replace 'currently' with a specific date">
<pattern>
<token>currently</token>
</pattern>
<message>Wikipedia style. Replace "currently" with a specific date, as "currently" will change over time.</message>
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/date-formats/#commas-in-dates</url>
<example correction=''><marker>currently</marker></example>
<example>date</example>
</rule>
<rulegroup id="WIKIPEDIA_CONTRACTIONS" name="Replace 'wasn't' with 'was not'">
<url>https://languagetool.org/insights/post/was-vs-were-grammar/#when-to-use-%E2%80%9Cwas%E2%80%9D</url>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>was</token>
<token>n't</token>
</pattern>
<message>Wikipedia style. Replace "wasn't" with <suggestion>was not</suggestion>.</message>
<example correction='was not'><marker>wasn't</marker></example>
<example>it's</example>
</rule>
<rule>
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<token>'s</token>
</pattern>
<message>Wikipedia style. Replace "it's" with <suggestion>it is</suggestion></message>
<example correction='it is'><marker>it's</marker></example>
<example>it is</example>
</rule>
</rulegroup>
</category>
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- E-Prime https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-Prime -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<category id="CREATIVE_WRITING" name="Creative Writing" type="style" default="off">
<rule id="E_PRIME_STRICT" name="Creative Writing: E-Prime: all 'to be' forms" default="off">
<!-- Created by Tiago F. Santos, 2018-07-09 -->
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
</pattern>
<message>According to E-Prime, avoiding the use of the stative verb 'to be' makes the communication clearer, more accurate, and less dogmatic. Use an alternative verb.</message>
<url>https://litemind.com/e-prime/</url>
<short>Using E-Prime, you should avoid the verb 'to be'.</short>
<example correction="">This <marker>is</marker> wrong.</example>
<example>This <marker>does not conform</marker> with my current knowledge.</example>
<example>The data <marker>refutes</marker> that assertion.</example>
</rule>
<rule id="E_PRIME_LOOSE" name="Creative Writing: E-Prime: 'to be' as the main verb" default="off">
<!-- Created by Tiago F. Santos, 2018-07-09 -->
<antipattern>
<token inflected="yes">be</token>
<token min='0' max='2' postag_regexp='yes' postag='R.+'/>
<token postag_regexp='yes' postag='V.+'>
<exception postag_regexp='yes' postag='N.+'/></token>
</antipattern>
<pattern>
<token inflected="yes">be
<exception>art</exception>
</token>
</pattern>
<message>According to E-Prime, avoiding the use of the stative verb 'to be' makes the communication clearer, more accurate, and less dogmatic. Use an alternative verb.</message>
<url>https://litemind.com/e-prime/</url>
<short>Using E-Prime, you should avoid the verb 'to be'.</short>
<example correction="">This <marker>is</marker> right.</example>
<example>This <marker>is</marker> conforming with my current knowledge.</example>
</rule>
</category>
<category id="TON_ACADEMIC" name="Academic Writing" type="style">
<rule id="IT_IS_OBVIOUS" name="It is obvious (unscientific)" default="off"><!-- test rule, do not activate -->
<pattern>
<token>it</token>
<token skip="1" regexp="yes">['i]s</token>
<token>obvious</token>
</pattern>
<message>If possible, be specific about why that is obvious.</message>
<example correction=""><marker>It is obvious</marker> that this substance is present.</example>
<example correction="">I think <marker>it's pretty obvious</marker> that he likes you.</example>
</rule>
</category>
</rules>
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