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/*
* Copyright (c) 2007 Mockito contributors
* This program is made available under the terms of the MIT License.
*/
package org.mockito;
import org.mockito.listeners.InvocationListener;
import org.mockito.mock.SerializableMode;
import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* Allows mock creation with additional mock settings.
*
* Don't use it too often.
* Consider writing simple tests that use simple mocks.
* Repeat after me: simple tests push simple, KISSy, readable & maintainable code.
* If you cannot write a test in a simple way - refactor the code under test.
*
* Examples of mock settings:
*
* //Creates mock with different default answer & name
* Foo mock = mock(Foo.class, withSettings()
* .defaultAnswer(RETURNS_SMART_NULLS)
* .name("cool mockie")
* );
*
* //Creates mock with different default answer, descriptive name and extra interfaces
* Foo mock = mock(Foo.class, withSettings()
* .defaultAnswer(RETURNS_SMART_NULLS)
* .name("cool mockie")
* .extraInterfaces(Bar.class));
*
* {@link MockSettings} has been introduced for two reasons.
* Firstly, to make it easy to add another mock setting when the demand comes.
* Secondly, to enable combining together different mock settings without introducing zillions of overloaded mock() methods.
*/
public interface MockSettings extends Serializable {
/**
* Specifies extra interfaces the mock should implement. Might be useful for legacy code or some corner cases.
*
* This mysterious feature should be used very occasionally.
* The object under test should know exactly its collaborators & dependencies.
* If you happen to use it often than please make sure you are really producing simple, clean & readable code.
*
* Examples:
*
* Foo foo = mock(Foo.class, withSettings().extraInterfaces(Bar.class, Baz.class));
*
* //now, the mock implements extra interfaces, so following casting is possible:
* Bar bar = (Bar) foo;
* Baz baz = (Baz) foo;
*
*
* @param interfaces extra interfaces the should implement.
* @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
*/
MockSettings extraInterfaces(Class... interfaces);
/**
* Specifies mock name. Naming mocks can be helpful for debugging - the name is used in all verification errors.
*
* Beware that naming mocks is not a solution for complex code which uses too many mocks or collaborators.
* If you have too many mocks then refactor the code so that it's easy to test/debug without necessity of naming mocks.
*
* If you use @Mock annotation then you've got naming mocks for free! @Mock uses field name as mock name. {@link Mock Read more.}
*
* Examples:
*
* Foo foo = mock(Foo.class, withSettings().name("foo"));
*
* //Below does exactly the same:
* Foo foo = mock(Foo.class, "foo");
*
* @param name the name of the mock, later used in all verification errors
* @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
*/
MockSettings name(String name);
/**
* Specifies the instance to spy on. Makes sense only for spies/partial mocks.
*
* Sets the instance that will be spied. Actually copies the internal fields of the passed instance to the mock.
*
* As usual you are going to read the partial mock warning:
* Object oriented programming is more or less about tackling complexity by dividing the complexity into separate, specific, SRPy objects.
* How does partial mock fit into this paradigm? Well, it just doesn't...
* Partial mock usually means that the complexity has been moved to a different method on the same object.
* In most cases, this is not the way you want to design your application.
*
* However, there are rare cases when partial mocks come handy:
* dealing with code you cannot change easily (3rd party interfaces, interim refactoring of legacy code etc.)
* However, I wouldn't use partial mocks for new, test-driven & well-designed code.
*
* Enough warnings about partial mocks, see an example how spiedInstance() works:
*
* Foo foo = mock(Foo.class, withSettings().spiedInstance(fooInstance));
*
* //Below does exactly the same:
* Foo foo = spy(fooInstance);
*
*
* About stubbing for a partial mock, as it is a spy it will always call the real method, unless you use the
* doReturn|Throw|Answer|CallRealMethod stubbing style. Example:
*
*
* List list = new LinkedList();
* List spy = spy(list);
*
* //Impossible: real method is called so spy.get(0) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException (the list is yet empty)
* when(spy.get(0)).thenReturn("foo");
*
* //You have to use doReturn() for stubbing
* doReturn("foo").when(spy).get(0);
*
*
* @param instance to spy on
* @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
*/
MockSettings spiedInstance(Object instance);
/**
* Specifies default answers to interactions.
* It's quite advanced feature and typically you don't need it to write decent tests.
* However it can be helpful when working with legacy systems.
*
* It is the default answer so it will be used only when you don't stub the method call.
*
*
* Foo mock = mock(Foo.class, withSettings().defaultAnswer(RETURNS_SMART_NULLS));
* Foo mockTwo = mock(Foo.class, withSettings().defaultAnswer(new YourOwnAnswer()));
*
* //Below does exactly the same:
* Foo mockTwo = mock(Foo.class, new YourOwnAnswer());
*
*
* @param defaultAnswer default answer to be used by mock when not stubbed
* @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
MockSettings defaultAnswer(Answer defaultAnswer);
/**
* Configures the mock to be serializable. With this feature you can use a mock in a place that requires dependencies to be serializable.
*
* WARNING: This should be rarely used in unit testing.
*
* The behaviour was implemented for a specific use case of a BDD spec that had an unreliable external dependency. This
* was in a web environment and the objects from the external dependency were being serialized to pass between layers.
*
* Example:
*
* List serializableMock = mock(List.class, withSettings().serializable());
*
*
* @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
* @since 1.8.1
*/
MockSettings serializable();
/**
* Configures the mock to be serializable with a specific serializable mode.
* With this feature you can use a mock in a place that requires dependencies to be serializable.
*
* WARNING: This should be rarely used in unit testing.
*
* The behaviour was implemented for a specific use case of a BDD spec that had an unreliable external dependency. This
* was in a web environment and the objects from the external dependency were being serialized to pass between layers.
*
*
* List serializableMock = mock(List.class, withSettings().serializable(SerializableMode.ACROSS_CLASSLOADERS));
*
*
* @param mode serialization mode
* @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
* @since 1.10.0
*/
MockSettings serializable(SerializableMode mode);
/**
* Enables real-time logging of method invocations on this mock. Can be used
* during test debugging in order to find wrong interactions with this mock.
*
* Invocations are logged as they happen to the standard output stream.
*
* Calling this method multiple times makes no difference.
*
* Example:
*
* List mockWithLogger = mock(List.class, withSettings().verboseLogging());
*
*
* @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
*/
MockSettings verboseLogging();
/**
* Registers a listener for method invocations on this mock. The listener is
* notified every time a method on this mock is called.
*
* Multiple listeners may be added, but the same object is only added once.
* The order, in which the listeners are added, is not guaranteed to be the
* order in which the listeners are notified.
*
* Example:
*
* List mockWithListener = mock(List.class, withSettings().invocationListeners(new YourInvocationListener()));
*
*
* See the {@link InvocationListener listener interface} for more details.
*
* @param listeners The invocation listeners to add. May not be null.
* @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
*/
MockSettings invocationListeners(InvocationListener... listeners);
/**
* A stub-only mock does not record method
* invocations, thus saving memory but
* disallowing verification of invocations.
*
* Example:
*
* List stubOnly = mock(List.class, withSettings().stubOnly());
*
*
* @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
*/
MockSettings stubOnly();
/**
* Mockito attempts to use constructor when creating instance of the mock.
* This is particularly useful for spying on abstract classes. See also {@link Mockito#spy(Class)}.
*
* Example:
*
* //Robust API, via settings builder:
* OtherAbstract spy = mock(OtherAbstract.class, withSettings()
* .useConstructor().defaultAnswer(CALLS_REAL_METHODS));
*
* //Mocking an abstract class with constructor arguments
* SomeAbstract spy = mock(SomeAbstract.class, withSettings()
* .useConstructor("arg1", 123).defaultAnswer(CALLS_REAL_METHODS));
*
* //Mocking a non-static inner abstract class:
* InnerAbstract spy = mock(InnerAbstract.class, withSettings()
* .useConstructor().outerInstance(outerInstance).defaultAnswer(CALLS_REAL_METHODS));
*
*
* @param args The arguments to pass to the constructor. Not passing any arguments means that a parameter-less
* constructor will be called
* @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
* @since 2.7.14 (useConstructor with no arguments was supported since 1.10.12)
*/
@Incubating
MockSettings useConstructor(Object... args);
/**
* Makes it possible to mock non-static inner classes in conjunction with {@link #useConstructor(Object...)}.
*
* Example:
*
* InnerClass mock = mock(InnerClass.class, withSettings()
* .useConstructor().outerInstance(outerInstance).defaultAnswer(CALLS_REAL_METHODS));
*
*
* @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
* @since 1.10.12
*/
@Incubating
MockSettings outerInstance(Object outerClassInstance);
}