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Rhino is an open-source implementation of JavaScript written entirely in Java. It is typically embedded into Java applications to provide scripting to end users.

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/* -*- Mode: java; tab-width: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
 *
 * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */

package org.mozilla.javascript.tools.shell;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.mozilla.javascript.Context;
import org.mozilla.javascript.ContextAction;
import org.mozilla.javascript.Function;
import org.mozilla.javascript.GeneratedClassLoader;
import org.mozilla.javascript.JavaScriptException;
import org.mozilla.javascript.Kit;
import org.mozilla.javascript.NativeArray;
import org.mozilla.javascript.RhinoException;
import org.mozilla.javascript.Script;
import org.mozilla.javascript.Scriptable;
import org.mozilla.javascript.ScriptableObject;
import org.mozilla.javascript.SecurityController;
import org.mozilla.javascript.commonjs.module.ModuleScope;
import org.mozilla.javascript.commonjs.module.Require;
import org.mozilla.javascript.tools.SourceReader;
import org.mozilla.javascript.tools.ToolErrorReporter;

/**
 * The shell program.
 *
 * 

Can execute scripts interactively or in batch mode at the command line. An example of * controlling the JavaScript engine. * * @author Norris Boyd */ public class Main { public static ShellContextFactory shellContextFactory = new ShellContextFactory(); public static Global global = new Global(); protected static ToolErrorReporter errorReporter; protected static int exitCode = 0; private static final int EXITCODE_RUNTIME_ERROR = 3; private static final int EXITCODE_FILE_NOT_FOUND = 4; static boolean processStdin = true; static List fileList = new ArrayList(); static List modulePath; static String mainModule; static boolean sandboxed = false; static boolean useRequire = false; static Require require; private static SecurityProxy securityImpl; private static final ScriptCache scriptCache = new ScriptCache(32); static { global.initQuitAction(new IProxy(IProxy.SYSTEM_EXIT)); } /** Proxy class to avoid proliferation of anonymous classes. */ private static class IProxy implements ContextAction, QuitAction { private static final int PROCESS_FILES = 1; private static final int EVAL_INLINE_SCRIPT = 2; private static final int SYSTEM_EXIT = 3; private int type; String[] args; String scriptText; private final Timers timers = new Timers(); IProxy(int type) { this.type = type; } @Override public Object run(Context cx) { cx.setTrackUnhandledPromiseRejections(true); timers.install(global); if (useRequire) { require = global.installRequire(cx, modulePath, sandboxed); } if (type == PROCESS_FILES) { processFiles(cx, args); printPromiseWarnings(cx); } else if (type == EVAL_INLINE_SCRIPT) { evalInlineScript(cx, scriptText); } else { throw Kit.codeBug(); } try { timers.runAllTimers(cx, global); } catch (JavaScriptException e) { ToolErrorReporter.reportException(cx.getErrorReporter(), e); exitCode = EXITCODE_RUNTIME_ERROR; } catch (InterruptedException ie) { // Shell has no facility to handle interrupts so stop now } return null; } @Override public void quit(Context cx, int exitCode) { if (type == SYSTEM_EXIT) { System.exit(exitCode); return; } throw Kit.codeBug(); } } /** * Main entry point. * *

Process arguments as would a normal Java program. Also create a new Context and associate * it with the current thread. Then set up the execution environment and begin to execute * scripts. */ public static void main(String args[]) { try { if (Boolean.getBoolean("rhino.use_java_policy_security")) { initJavaPolicySecuritySupport(); } } catch (SecurityException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(System.err); } int result = exec(args); if (result != 0) { System.exit(result); } } /** Execute the given arguments, but don't System.exit at the end. */ public static int exec(String origArgs[]) { errorReporter = new ToolErrorReporter(false, global.getErr()); shellContextFactory.setErrorReporter(errorReporter); String[] args = processOptions(origArgs); if (exitCode > 0) { return exitCode; } if (processStdin) { fileList.add(null); } if (!global.initialized) { global.init(shellContextFactory); } IProxy iproxy = new IProxy(IProxy.PROCESS_FILES); iproxy.args = args; shellContextFactory.call(iproxy); return exitCode; } static void processFiles(Context cx, String[] args) { // define "arguments" array in the top-level object: // need to allocate new array since newArray requires instances // of exactly Object[], not ObjectSubclass[] Object[] array = new Object[args.length]; System.arraycopy(args, 0, array, 0, args.length); Scriptable argsObj = cx.newArray(global, array); global.defineProperty("arguments", argsObj, ScriptableObject.DONTENUM); for (String file : fileList) { try { processSource(cx, file); } catch (IOException ioex) { Context.reportError( ToolErrorReporter.getMessage( "msg.couldnt.read.source", file, ioex.getMessage())); exitCode = EXITCODE_FILE_NOT_FOUND; } catch (RhinoException rex) { ToolErrorReporter.reportException(cx.getErrorReporter(), rex); exitCode = EXITCODE_RUNTIME_ERROR; } catch (VirtualMachineError ex) { // Treat StackOverflow and OutOfMemory as runtime errors ex.printStackTrace(); String msg = ToolErrorReporter.getMessage("msg.uncaughtJSException", ex.toString()); Context.reportError(msg); exitCode = EXITCODE_RUNTIME_ERROR; } } } static void evalInlineScript(Context cx, String scriptText) { try { Script script = cx.compileString(scriptText, "", 1, null); if (script != null) { script.exec(cx, getShellScope()); } } catch (RhinoException rex) { ToolErrorReporter.reportException(cx.getErrorReporter(), rex); exitCode = EXITCODE_RUNTIME_ERROR; } catch (VirtualMachineError ex) { // Treat StackOverflow and OutOfMemory as runtime errors ex.printStackTrace(); String msg = ToolErrorReporter.getMessage("msg.uncaughtJSException", ex.toString()); Context.reportError(msg); exitCode = EXITCODE_RUNTIME_ERROR; } } public static Global getGlobal() { return global; } static Scriptable getShellScope() { return getScope(null); } static Scriptable getScope(String path) { if (useRequire) { // If CommonJS modules are enabled use a module scope that resolves // relative ids relative to the current URL, file or working directory. URI uri; if (path == null) { // use current directory for shell and -e switch uri = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")).toURI(); } else { // find out whether this is a file path or a URL if (SourceReader.toUrl(path) != null) { try { uri = new URI(path); } catch (URISyntaxException x) { // fall back to file uri uri = new File(path).toURI(); } } else { uri = new File(path).toURI(); } } return new ModuleScope(global, uri, null); } return global; } /** Parse arguments. */ public static String[] processOptions(String args[]) { String usageError; goodUsage: for (int i = 0; ; ++i) { if (i == args.length) { return new String[0]; } String arg = args[i]; if (!arg.startsWith("-")) { processStdin = false; fileList.add(arg); mainModule = arg; String[] result = new String[args.length - i - 1]; System.arraycopy(args, i + 1, result, 0, args.length - i - 1); return result; } if (arg.equals("-version")) { if (++i == args.length) { usageError = arg; break goodUsage; } int version; try { version = Integer.parseInt(args[i]); } catch (NumberFormatException ex) { usageError = args[i]; break goodUsage; } if (!Context.isValidLanguageVersion(version)) { usageError = args[i]; break goodUsage; } shellContextFactory.setLanguageVersion(version); continue; } if (arg.equals("-opt") || arg.equals("-O")) { if (++i == args.length) { usageError = arg; break goodUsage; } int opt; try { opt = Integer.parseInt(args[i]); } catch (NumberFormatException ex) { usageError = args[i]; break goodUsage; } if (opt == -2) { // Compatibility with Cocoon Rhino fork opt = -1; } else if (!Context.isValidOptimizationLevel(opt)) { usageError = args[i]; break goodUsage; } shellContextFactory.setOptimizationLevel(opt); continue; } if (arg.equals("-encoding")) { if (++i == args.length) { usageError = arg; break goodUsage; } String enc = args[i]; shellContextFactory.setCharacterEncoding(enc); continue; } if (arg.equals("-strict")) { shellContextFactory.setStrictMode(true); shellContextFactory.setAllowReservedKeywords(false); errorReporter.setIsReportingWarnings(true); continue; } if (arg.equals("-fatal-warnings")) { shellContextFactory.setWarningAsError(true); continue; } if (arg.equals("-e")) { processStdin = false; if (++i == args.length) { usageError = arg; break goodUsage; } if (!global.initialized) { global.init(shellContextFactory); } IProxy iproxy = new IProxy(IProxy.EVAL_INLINE_SCRIPT); iproxy.scriptText = args[i]; shellContextFactory.call(iproxy); continue; } if (arg.equals("-require")) { useRequire = true; continue; } if (arg.equals("-sandbox")) { sandboxed = true; useRequire = true; continue; } if (arg.equals("-modules")) { if (++i == args.length) { usageError = arg; break goodUsage; } if (modulePath == null) { modulePath = new ArrayList(); } modulePath.add(args[i]); useRequire = true; continue; } if (arg.equals("-w")) { errorReporter.setIsReportingWarnings(true); continue; } if (arg.equals("-f")) { processStdin = false; if (++i == args.length) { usageError = arg; break goodUsage; } if (args[i].equals("-")) { fileList.add(null); } else { fileList.add(args[i]); mainModule = args[i]; } continue; } if (arg.equals("-sealedlib")) { global.setSealedStdLib(true); continue; } if (arg.equals("-debug")) { shellContextFactory.setGeneratingDebug(true); continue; } if (arg.equals("-?") || arg.equals("-help")) { // print usage message global.getOut() .println( ToolErrorReporter.getMessage( "msg.shell.usage", Main.class.getName())); exitCode = 1; return null; } usageError = arg; break goodUsage; } // print error and usage message global.getOut().println(ToolErrorReporter.getMessage("msg.shell.invalid", usageError)); global.getOut() .println(ToolErrorReporter.getMessage("msg.shell.usage", Main.class.getName())); exitCode = 1; return null; } private static void initJavaPolicySecuritySupport() { Throwable exObj; try { Class cl = Class.forName("org.mozilla.javascript.tools.shell.JavaPolicySecurity"); securityImpl = (SecurityProxy) cl.newInstance(); SecurityController.initGlobal(securityImpl); return; } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { exObj = ex; } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { exObj = ex; } catch (InstantiationException ex) { exObj = ex; } catch (LinkageError ex) { exObj = ex; } throw new IllegalStateException("Can not load security support: " + exObj, exObj); } /** * Evaluate JavaScript source. * * @param cx the current context * @param filename the name of the file to compile, or null for interactive mode. * @throws IOException if the source could not be read * @throws RhinoException thrown during evaluation of source */ public static void processSource(Context cx, String filename) throws IOException { if (filename == null || filename.equals("-")) { Scriptable scope = getShellScope(); Charset cs; String charEnc = shellContextFactory.getCharacterEncoding(); if (charEnc != null) { cs = Charset.forName(charEnc); } else { cs = Charset.defaultCharset(); } ShellConsole console = global.getConsole(cs); if (filename == null) { // print implementation version console.println(cx.getImplementationVersion()); } int lineno = 1; boolean hitEOF = false; while (!hitEOF) { String[] prompts = global.getPrompts(cx); String prompt = null; if (filename == null) prompt = prompts[0]; console.flush(); StringBuilder source = new StringBuilder(); // Collect lines of source to compile. while (true) { String newline; try { newline = console.readLine(prompt); } catch (IOException ioe) { console.println(ioe.toString()); break; } if (newline == null) { hitEOF = true; break; } source.append(newline).append('\n'); lineno++; if (cx.stringIsCompilableUnit(source.toString())) break; prompt = prompts[1]; } try { String finalSource = source.toString(); Script script = cx.compileString(finalSource, "", lineno, null); if (script != null) { Object result = script.exec(cx, scope); // Avoid printing out undefined or function definitions. if (result != Context.getUndefinedValue() && !(result instanceof Function && finalSource.trim().startsWith("function"))) { try { console.println(Context.toString(result)); } catch (RhinoException rex) { ToolErrorReporter.reportException(cx.getErrorReporter(), rex); } } NativeArray h = global.history; h.put((int) h.getLength(), h, source); } printPromiseWarnings(cx); } catch (RhinoException rex) { ToolErrorReporter.reportException(cx.getErrorReporter(), rex); exitCode = EXITCODE_RUNTIME_ERROR; } catch (VirtualMachineError ex) { // Treat StackOverflow and OutOfMemory as runtime errors ex.printStackTrace(); String msg = ToolErrorReporter.getMessage("msg.uncaughtJSException", ex.toString()); Context.reportError(msg); exitCode = EXITCODE_RUNTIME_ERROR; } } console.println(); console.flush(); } else if (useRequire && filename.equals(mainModule)) { require.requireMain(cx, filename); } else { processFile(cx, getScope(filename), filename); } } public static void processFileNoThrow(Context cx, Scriptable scope, String filename) { try { processFile(cx, scope, filename); } catch (IOException ioex) { Context.reportError( ToolErrorReporter.getMessage( "msg.couldnt.read.source", filename, ioex.getMessage())); exitCode = EXITCODE_FILE_NOT_FOUND; } catch (RhinoException rex) { ToolErrorReporter.reportException(cx.getErrorReporter(), rex); exitCode = EXITCODE_RUNTIME_ERROR; } catch (VirtualMachineError ex) { // Treat StackOverflow and OutOfMemory as runtime errors ex.printStackTrace(); String msg = ToolErrorReporter.getMessage("msg.uncaughtJSException", ex.toString()); Context.reportError(msg); exitCode = EXITCODE_RUNTIME_ERROR; } } public static void processFile(Context cx, Scriptable scope, String filename) throws IOException { if (securityImpl == null) { processFileSecure(cx, scope, filename, null); } else { securityImpl.callProcessFileSecure(cx, scope, filename); } } static void processFileSecure(Context cx, Scriptable scope, String path, Object securityDomain) throws IOException { boolean isClass = path.endsWith(".class"); Object source = readFileOrUrl(path, !isClass); byte[] digest = getDigest(source); String key = path + "_" + cx.getOptimizationLevel(); ScriptReference ref = scriptCache.get(key, digest); Script script = ref != null ? ref.get() : null; if (script == null) { if (isClass) { script = loadCompiledScript(cx, path, (byte[]) source, securityDomain); } else { String strSrc = (String) source; // Support the executable script #! syntax: If // the first line begins with a '#', treat the whole // line as a comment. if (strSrc.length() > 0 && strSrc.charAt(0) == '#') { for (int i = 1; i != strSrc.length(); ++i) { int c = strSrc.charAt(i); if (c == '\n' || c == '\r') { strSrc = strSrc.substring(i); break; } } } script = cx.compileString(strSrc, path, 1, securityDomain); } scriptCache.put(key, digest, script); } if (script != null) { script.exec(cx, scope); } } private static byte[] getDigest(Object source) { byte[] bytes, digest = null; if (source != null) { if (source instanceof String) { bytes = ((String) source).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); } else { bytes = (byte[]) source; } try { MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5"); digest = md.digest(bytes); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException nsa) { // Should not happen throw new RuntimeException(nsa); } } return digest; } private static Script loadCompiledScript( Context cx, String path, byte[] data, Object securityDomain) throws FileNotFoundException { if (data == null) { throw new FileNotFoundException(path); } // XXX: For now extract class name of compiled Script from path // instead of parsing class bytes int nameStart = path.lastIndexOf('/'); if (nameStart < 0) { nameStart = 0; } else { ++nameStart; } int nameEnd = path.lastIndexOf('.'); if (nameEnd < nameStart) { // '.' does not exist in path (nameEnd < 0) // or it comes before nameStart nameEnd = path.length(); } String name = path.substring(nameStart, nameEnd); try { GeneratedClassLoader loader = SecurityController.createLoader(cx.getApplicationClassLoader(), securityDomain); Class clazz = loader.defineClass(name, data); loader.linkClass(clazz); if (!Script.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) { throw Context.reportRuntimeError("msg.must.implement.Script"); } return (Script) clazz.newInstance(); } catch (IllegalAccessException iaex) { Context.reportError(iaex.toString()); throw new RuntimeException(iaex); } catch (InstantiationException inex) { Context.reportError(inex.toString()); throw new RuntimeException(inex); } } private static void printPromiseWarnings(Context cx) { List unhandled = cx.getUnhandledPromiseTracker().enumerate(); if (!unhandled.isEmpty()) { Object result = unhandled.get(0); String msg = "Unhandled rejected promise: " + Context.toString(result); if (result instanceof Scriptable) { Object stack = ScriptableObject.getProperty((Scriptable) result, "stack"); if (stack != null && stack != Scriptable.NOT_FOUND) { msg += '\n' + Context.toString(stack); } } System.out.println(msg); if (unhandled.size() > 1) { System.out.println( " and " + (unhandled.size() - 1) + " other unhandled rejected promises"); } } } public static InputStream getIn() { return getGlobal().getIn(); } public static void setIn(InputStream in) { getGlobal().setIn(in); } public static PrintStream getOut() { return getGlobal().getOut(); } public static void setOut(PrintStream out) { getGlobal().setOut(out); } public static PrintStream getErr() { return getGlobal().getErr(); } public static void setErr(PrintStream err) { getGlobal().setErr(err); } /** * Read file or url specified by path. * * @return file or url content as byte[] or as String if * convertToString is true. */ private static Object readFileOrUrl(String path, boolean convertToString) throws IOException { return SourceReader.readFileOrUrl( path, convertToString, shellContextFactory.getCharacterEncoding()); } static class ScriptReference extends SoftReference