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observation.xsd
An XML implementation of the OandM model from OGC 07-022
Observations and Measurements is an OGC Standard.
Copyright (c) 2007,2010 Open Geospatial Consortium.
To obtain additional rights of use, visit http://www.opengeospatial.org/legal/ .
Base type for Observations.
Observation is an act ("event"), whose result is an estimate of the value of a property of the feature of interest.
The observed property may be any property associated with the type of the feature of interest.
The following properties are inherited from AbstractFeatureType:
Replace with reference to ISO Metadata entity when GML version 3.2.X has been formally adopted.The samplingTime is the time that the result applies to the feature-of-interest.
This is the time usually required for geospatial analysis of the result.The resultTime is the time when the procedure associated with the observation act was applied.
For some observations this is identical to samplingTime, in which case the resultTime may be omitted.
Example: Where a measurement is made on a specimen in a laboratory, the samplingTime should record the time the specimen was retrieved from its host, while the resultTime should record the time the laboratory procedure was applied.
Example: Where sensor observation results are post-processed, the resultTime is the post-processing time, while the samplingTime preserves the time of initial interaction with the world.
Example: Simulations are often used to estimate the values for phenomena in the future or past. The samplingTime is the real-world time that the result applies to, while the resultTime is the time that the simulation process was executed.The procedure is the description of a process used to generate the result.
It must be suitable for the observed property.
NOTE: At this level we do not distinguish between sensor-observations,
estimations made by an observer, or algorithms, simulations, computations and complex processing chains.Instance-specific quality assessment or measure.
Allow multiple quality measures if required.
Replace with reference to ISO Metadata entity when GML version 3.2.X has been formally adopted.Property-type or phenomenon for which the observation result provides an estimate of its value.
for example "wavelength", "grass-species", "power", "intensity in the waveband x-y", etc.
It must be a property associated with the type of the feature of interest.
This feature-property that provides the (semantic) type of the observation.
The description of the phenomenon may be quite specific and constrained.
The description of the property-type may be presented using various alternative encodings.
If shown inline, the swe:Phenomenon schema is required.
If provided using another encoding (e.g. OWL or SWEET) then the description must be in a remote repository and xlink reference used.The featureOfInterest is a feature of any type (ISO 19109, ISO 19101), which is a representation of the observation target, being the real-world object regarding which the observation is made.
such as a specimen, station, tract, mountain, pixel, etc.
The spatial properties (location) of this feature of interest are typically of most interest for spatial analysis of the observation result.An Observation parameter is a general event-specific parameter.
This will typically be used to record environmental parameters, or event-specific sampling parameters that are not tightly bound to either the feature-of-interest or the procedure.
NOTE: Parameters that are tightly bound to the procedure should be recorded as part of the procedure description. For example, the SensorML model associates parameters with specific process elements or stages.
NOTE: The semantics of the parameter must be provided as part of its value.
In some applications it is convenient to use a generic or standard procedure, or feature-of-interest, rather than define an event-specific process or feature.
In this context, event-specific parameters are bound to the Observation act.The result contains the value generated by the procedure.
The type of the observation result must be consistent with the observed property, and the scale or scope for the value must be consistent with the quantity or category type.
Application profiles may choose to constrain the type of the result.Observation is an act ("event"), whose result is an estimate of the value of a property of the feature of interest.
The observed property may be any property associated with the type of the feature of interest.Collection of arbitrary observationsCollection of arbitrary observationsThis property type allows the Observation/procedure property to either
* contain a SensorML Process,
* contain a description of a process described using another model, wrapped inside a om:Process element
* point to a Process either elsewhere in the document or identified by a URITop of SensorML Process hierarchyThis element is xs:anyType so may contain a description of a process provided in any well-formed XML.
If the process description is namespace qualified, then the namespace must be identified in the instance document.Placeholder type
Used in a few places where ISO 19139 metadata classes are used, which will become available with GML 3.2
