javafx.application.Application Maven / Gradle / Ivy
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package javafx.application;
import java.io.File;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javafx.application.Preloader.PreloaderNotification;
import javafx.css.Stylesheet;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl;
import com.sun.javafx.application.ParametersImpl;
import com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl;
import com.sun.javafx.css.StyleManager;
/**
* Application class from which JavaFX applications extend.
*
* Life-cycle
*
* The entry point for JavaFX applications is the Application class. The
* JavaFX runtime does the following, in order, whenever an application is
* launched:
*
*
* - Starts the JavaFX runtime, if not already started
* (see {@link Platform#startup(Runnable)} for more information)
* - Constructs an instance of the specified Application class
* - Calls the {@link #init} method
* - Calls the {@link #start} method
* - Waits for the application to finish, which happens when either of
* the following occur:
*
* - the application calls {@link Platform#exit}
* - the last window has been closed and the {@code implicitExit}
* attribute on {@code Platform} is true
*
* - Calls the {@link #stop} method
*
* Note that the {@code start} method is abstract and must be overridden.
* The {@code init} and {@code stop} methods have concrete implementations
* that do nothing.
* The {@code Application} subclass must be declared public and must have a
* public no-argument constructor.
*
* Calling {@link Platform#exit} is the preferred way to explicitly terminate
* a JavaFX Application. Directly calling {@link System#exit} is
* an acceptable alternative, but doesn't allow the Application {@link #stop}
* method to run.
*
*
* A JavaFX Application should not attempt to use JavaFX after the
* FX toolkit has terminated or from a ShutdownHook, that is, after the
* {@link #stop} method returns or {@link System#exit} is called.
*
*
* Note: The JavaFX classes must be loaded from a set of
* named {@code javafx.*} modules on the module path.
* Loading the JavaFX classes from the classpath is not supported.
* See {@link Platform#startup(Runnable) Platform.startup}
* for more information.
*
*
Deploying an Application as a Module
*
* If the {@code Application} subclass is in a named module then that class
* must be accessible to the {@code javafx.graphics} module.
* Otherwise, an exception will be thrown when the application is launched.
* This means that
* in addition to the class itself being declared public, the module must
* {@link Module#isExported(String,Module) export}
* (or {@link Module#isOpen(String,Module) open}) the containing package to
* at least the {@code javafx.graphics} module.
*
*
* For example, if {@code com.foo.MyApplication} is in the {@code foo.app}
* module, the {@code module-info.java} might look like this:
*
{@code module foo.app {
exports com.foo to javafx.graphics;
}}
*
* Parameters
*
* Application parameters are available by calling the {@link #getParameters}
* method from the {@link #init} method, or any time after the {@code init}
* method has been called.
*
*
* Threading
*
* JavaFX creates an application thread for running the application start
* method, processing input events, and running animation timelines. Creation
* of JavaFX {@link Scene} and {@link Stage} objects as well as modification of
* scene graph operations to live objects (those objects already
* attached to a scene) must be done on the JavaFX application thread.
*
*
*
* The Java launcher loads and initializes the specified Application class
* on the JavaFX Application Thread. If there is no main method in the
* Application class, or if the main method calls Application.launch(), then
* an instance of the Application is then constructed on the JavaFX Application
* Thread.
*
*
*
* The {@code init} method is called on the launcher thread, not on the
* JavaFX Application Thread.
* This means that an application must not construct a {@link Scene}
* or a {@link Stage} in the {@code init} method.
* An application may construct other JavaFX objects in the {@code init}
* method.
*
*
*
* All the unhandled exceptions on the JavaFX application thread that occur during
* event dispatching, running animation timelines, or any other code, are forwarded
* to the thread's {@link java.lang.Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler uncaught
* exception handler}.
*
*
* Example
* The following example will illustrate a simple JavaFX application.
* {@code
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class MyApp extends Application {
public void start(Stage stage) {
Circle circ = new Circle(40, 40, 30);
Group root = new Group(circ);
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 400, 300);
stage.setTitle("My JavaFX Application");
stage.setScene(scene);
stage.show();
}
}
* }
*
* The above example will produce the following:
* 
*
* @see Platform
*
* @since JavaFX 2.0
*/
public abstract class Application {
/**
* Constant for user agent stylesheet for the "Caspian" theme. Caspian
* is the theme that shipped as default in JavaFX 2.x.
* @since JavaFX 8.0
*/
public static final String STYLESHEET_CASPIAN = "CASPIAN";
/**
* Constant for user agent stylesheet for the "Modena" theme. Modena
* is the default theme for JavaFX 8.x.
* @since JavaFX 8.0
*/
public static final String STYLESHEET_MODENA = "MODENA";
/**
* Launch a standalone application. This method is typically called
* from the {@code main} method. It must not be called more than once or an
* exception will be thrown.
*
*
* The launch method does not return until the application has exited,
* either via a call to {@link Platform#exit()} or all of the application windows
* have been closed.
* The class specified by the {@code appClass} argument must be
* a public subclass of {@code Application}
* with a public no-argument constructor, in a package that is
* {@link Module#isExported(String,Module) exported}
* (or {@link Module#isOpen(String,Module) open}) to at least the
* {@code javafx.graphics} module, or a RuntimeException will be thrown.
*
*
* Typical usage is:
*
* public static void main(String[] args) {
* Application.launch(MyApp.class, args);
* }
*
* where MyApp is a subclass of Application.
*
* @param appClass the application class that is constructed and executed
* by the launcher.
* @param args the command line arguments passed to the application.
* An application may get these parameters using the
* {@link #getParameters()} method.
*
* @throws IllegalStateException if this method is called more than once.
* @throws IllegalStateException if this method is called from the JavaFX application thread.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if appClass is not a
* subclass of Application.
* @throws RuntimeException if there is an error launching the
* JavaFX runtime, or if the application class cannot be constructed
* (e.g., if the class is not public or is not in an exported package), or
* if an Exception or Error is thrown by the Application constructor, init
* method, start method, or stop method.
*/
public static void launch(Class appClass, String... args) {
LauncherImpl.launchApplication(appClass, args);
}
/**
* Launch a standalone application. This method is typically called
* from the {@code main} method. It must not be called more than once or an
* exception will be thrown.
* This is equivalent to {@code launch(TheClass.class, args)} where
* {@code TheClass} is the
* immediately enclosing class of the method that called launch.
* It must be a public subclass of {@code Application}
* with a public no-argument constructor, in a package that is
* {@link Module#isExported(String,Module) exported}
* (or {@link Module#isOpen(String,Module) open}) to at least the
* {@code javafx.graphics} module, or a RuntimeException will be thrown.
*
*
* The launch method does not return until the application has exited,
* either via a call to {@link Platform#exit()} or all of the application windows
* have been closed.
*
*
* Typical usage is:
*
* public static void main(String[] args) {
* Application.launch(args);
* }
*
*
* @param args the command line arguments passed to the application.
* An application may get these parameters using the
* {@link #getParameters()} method.
*
* @throws IllegalStateException if this method is called more than once.
* @throws IllegalStateException if this method is called from the JavaFX application thread.
* @throws RuntimeException if there is an error launching the
* JavaFX runtime, or if the application class cannot be constructed
* (e.g., if the class is not public or is not in an exported package), or
* if an Exception or Error is thrown by the Application constructor, init
* method, start method, or stop method.
*/
public static void launch(String... args) {
// Figure out the right class to call
StackTraceElement[] cause = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
boolean foundThisMethod = false;
String callingClassName = null;
for (StackTraceElement se : cause) {
// Skip entries until we get to the entry for this class
String className = se.getClassName();
String methodName = se.getMethodName();
if (foundThisMethod) {
callingClassName = className;
break;
} else if (Application.class.getName().equals(className)
&& "launch".equals(methodName)) {
foundThisMethod = true;
}
}
if (callingClassName == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Error: unable to determine Application class");
}
try {
Class theClass = Class.forName(callingClassName, false,
Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
if (Application.class.isAssignableFrom(theClass)) {
Class appClass = theClass;
LauncherImpl.launchApplication(appClass, args);
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("Error: " + theClass
+ " is not a subclass of javafx.application.Application");
}
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
throw ex;
} catch (Exception ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
}
/**
* Constructs a new {@code Application} instance.
*/
public Application() {
}
/**
* The application initialization method. This method is called immediately
* after the Application class is loaded and constructed. An application may
* override this method to perform initialization prior to the actual starting
* of the application.
*
*
* The implementation of this method provided by the Application class does nothing.
*
*
*
* NOTE: This method is not called on the JavaFX Application Thread. An
* application must not construct a Scene or a Stage in this
* method.
* An application may construct other JavaFX objects in this method.
*
* @throws java.lang.Exception if something goes wrong
*/
public void init() throws Exception {
}
/**
* The main entry point for all JavaFX applications.
* The start method is called after the init method has returned,
* and after the system is ready for the application to begin running.
*
*
* NOTE: This method is called on the JavaFX Application Thread.
*
*
* @param primaryStage the primary stage for this application, onto which
* the application scene can be set.
* Applications may create other stages, if needed, but they will not be
* primary stages.
* @throws java.lang.Exception if something goes wrong
*/
public abstract void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception;
/**
* This method is called when the application should stop, and provides a
* convenient place to prepare for application exit and destroy resources.
*
*
* The implementation of this method provided by the Application class does nothing.
*
*
*
* NOTE: This method is called on the JavaFX Application Thread.
*
* @throws java.lang.Exception if something goes wrong
*/
public void stop() throws Exception {
}
private HostServices hostServices = null;
/**
* Gets the HostServices provider for this application. This provides
* the ability to get the code base and document base for this application,
* and to show a web page in a browser.
*
* @return the HostServices provider
*/
public final HostServices getHostServices() {
synchronized (this) {
if (hostServices == null) {
hostServices = new HostServices(this);
}
return hostServices;
}
}
/**
* Retrieves the parameters for this Application, including any arguments
* passed on the command line.
*
*
* NOTE: this method should not be called from the Application constructor,
* as it will return null. It may be called in the init() method or any
* time after that.
*
*
* @return the parameters for this Application, or null if called from the
* constructor.
*/
public final Parameters getParameters() {
return ParametersImpl.getParameters(this);
}
/**
* Notifies the preloader with an application-generated notification.
* Application code calls this method with a PreloaderNotification that is
* delivered to the
* {@link Preloader#handleApplicationNotification
* Preloader.handleApplicationNotification} method.
* This is primarily useful for cases where an application wants the
* preloader to show progress during a long application initialization
* step.
*
*
* NOTE: the notification will be delivered only to the preloader's
* handleApplicationNotification() method; this means, for example, that
* if this method is called with a ProgressNotification, that notification
* will not be delivered to the {@link Preloader#handleProgressNotification
* Preloader.handleProgressNotification}
* method.
*
*
* @param info the application-generated preloader notification
*/
public final void notifyPreloader(PreloaderNotification info) {
LauncherImpl.notifyPreloader(this, info);
}
/**
* Encapsulates the set of parameters for an application. This includes
* arguments passed on the command line.
*
*
* Note that the application and the preloader both get the same set
* of parameters for a given run of an application.
*
* @since JavaFX 2.0
*/
public static abstract class Parameters {
/**
* Constructs a new {@code Parameters} instance.
*/
public Parameters() {
}
/**
* Retrieves a read-only list of the raw arguments. This list
* may be empty, but is never null. In the case of a standalone
* application, it is the ordered list of arguments specified on the
* command line.
* For
* named parameters, each <name,value> pair is represented as
* a single argument of the form: "--name=value".
*
* @return a read-only list of raw application arguments
*/
public abstract List getRaw();
/**
* Retrieves a read-only list of the unnamed parameters. This list
* may be empty, but is never null. The named parameters, that is
* the parameters that are represented as <name,value> pairs, are
* filtered out.
*
* @return a read-only list of unnamed parameters.
*/
public abstract List getUnnamed();
/**
* Retrieves a read-only map of the named parameters. It may be
* empty, but is never null.
* Named parameters include any command line
* arguments of the form: "--name=value".
*
* @return a read-only map of named parameters.
*/
public abstract Map getNamed();
}
private static String userAgentStylesheet = null;
/**
* Get the user agent stylesheet used by the whole application. This is
* used to provide default styling for all ui controls and other nodes.
* A value of null means the platform default stylesheet is being used.
*
* NOTE: This method must be called on the JavaFX Application Thread.
*
*
* @return The URL to the stylesheet as a String.
* @since JavaFX 8.0
*/
public static String getUserAgentStylesheet() {
return userAgentStylesheet;
}
/**
* Set the user agent stylesheet used by the whole application. This is used
* to provide default styling for all ui controls and other nodes. Each
* release of JavaFX may have a new default value for this so if you need
* to guarantee consistency you will need to call this method and choose
* what default you would like for your application. A value of null will
* restore the platform default stylesheet. This property can also be set
* on the command line with {@code -Djavafx.userAgentStylesheetUrl=[URL]}
* Setting it on the command line overrides anything set using this method
* in code.
*
* The URL is a hierarchical URI of the form [scheme:][//authority][path]. If the URL
* does not have a [scheme:] component, the URL is considered to be the [path] component only.
* Any leading '/' character of the [path] is ignored and the [path] is treated as a path relative to
* the root of the application's classpath.
*
* The RFC 2397 "data" scheme for URLs is supported in addition to the protocol handlers that
* are registered for the application.
* If a URL uses the "data" scheme and the MIME type is either empty, "text/plain", or "text/css",
* the payload will be interpreted as a CSS file.
* If the MIME type is "application/octet-stream", the payload will be interpreted as a binary
* CSS file (see {@link Stylesheet#convertToBinary(File, File)}).
*
* NOTE: This method must be called on the JavaFX Application Thread.
*
* @param url The URL to the stylesheet as a String.
* @since JavaFX 8.0
*/
public static void setUserAgentStylesheet(String url) {
userAgentStylesheet = url;
if (url == null) {
PlatformImpl.setDefaultPlatformUserAgentStylesheet();
} else {
PlatformImpl.setPlatformUserAgentStylesheet(url);
}
}
}