javafx.scene.media.package.html Maven / Gradle / Ivy
javafx.scene.media
Provides the set of classes for integrating audio and video into Java FX
Applications. The primary use for this package is media playback. There are
three principal classes in the media package:
{@link javafx.scene.media.Media Media},
{@link javafx.scene.media.MediaPlayer MediaPlayer}, and
{@link javafx.scene.media.MediaView MediaView}.
Contents
Supported Media Types
Java FX supports a number of different media types. A media type is considered to
be the combination of a container format and one or more encodings. In some
cases the container format might simply be an elementary stream containing the
encoded data.
Supported Encoding Types
An encoding type specifies how sampled audio or video data are stored. Usually
the encoding type implies a particular compression algorithm. The following
table indicates the encoding types supported by Java FX Media.
Media Encoding Table
Encoding Type Description AAC Audio Advanced Audio Coding audio compression MP3 Audio
Raw MPEG-1, 2, and 2.5 audio; layers I, II, and III; all supported
combinations of sampling frequencies and bit rates. Note: File must contain at least 3 MP3 frames.
PCM Audio Uncompressed, raw audio samples H.264/AVC Video H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 / AVC (Advanced Video Coding)
video compression
Supported Container Types
A container type specifies the file format used to store the encoded audio,
video, and other media data. Each container type is associated with one or more
MIME types, file extensions, and file signatures (the initial bytes in the file).
The following table indicates the combination of container and encoding types
supported by Java FX Media.
Media Container / Encoding Types Table
Container Description Video Encoding
Audio Encoding MIME Type File Extension AIFF Audio Interchange File Format N/A
PCM audio/x-aiff .aif, .aiff HLS (*) MP2T HTTP Live Streaming (audiovisual) H.264/AVC
AAC application/vnd.apple.mpegurl, audio/mpegurl .m3u8 HLS (*) MP3 HTTP Live Streaming (audio-only) N/A
MP3 application/vnd.apple.mpegurl, audio/mpegurl .m3u8 MP3 MPEG-1, 2, 2.5 raw audio stream possibly with ID3 metadata v2.3 or v2.4
N/A MP3 audio/mpeg .mp3 MP4 MPEG-4 Part 14 H.264/AVC
AAC video/mp4, audio/x-m4a, video/x-m4v .mp4, .m4a, .m4v WAV Waveform Audio Format N/A
PCM audio/x-wav .wav
(*) HLS is a protocol rather than a container type but is included here to
aggregate similar attributes.
Supported Protocols
Supported Protocols Table
Protocol Description Reference
FILE
Protocol for URI representation of local files
java.net.URI
HTTP
Hypertext transfer protocol for representation of remote files
java.net.URI
HTTPS
Hypertext transfer protocol secure for representation of remote files
java.net.URI
JAR
Representation of media entries in files accessible via the FILE, HTTP or HTTPS protocols
java.net.JarURLConnection
HTTP Live Streaming (HLS)
Playlist-based media streaming via HTTP or HTTPS
Internet-Draft: HTTP Live Streaming
MPEG-4 Playback via HTTP
It is recommended that MPEG-4 media to be played over HTTP or HTTPS be formatted such that the
headers required to decode the stream appear at the beginning of the file. Otherwise,
playback might stall until the entire file is downloaded.
HTTP Live Streaming (HLS)
HLS playback handles sources with these characteristics:
- On-demand and live playlists.
- Elementary MP3 audio streams (audio/mpegurl) and multiplexed MP2T streams
(application/vnd.apple.mpegurl) with one AAC audio and one H.264/AVC video track.
- Playlists with integer or float duration.
Sources which do not conform to this basic profile are not guaranteed to be handled.
The playlist contains information about the streams comprising the source and is
downloaded at the start of playback. Switching between alternate streams, bit rates,
and video resolutions is handled automatically as a function of network conditions.
Supported Metadata Tags
A media container may also include certain metadata which describe the media in
the file. The Java FX Media API makes the metadata available via the
{@link javafx.scene.media.Media#getMetadata()} method. The keys in this mapping
are referred to as tags with the tags supported by Java FX Media listed in
the following table. Note that which tags are available for a given media source
depend on the metadata actually stored in that source, i.e., not all tags are
guaranteed to be available.
"Metadata Keys and Tags Table
Container Tag (type String) Type Description MP3 raw metadata Map<String,ByteBuffer> The raw metadata according to the appropriate media specification. The key "ID3" maps to MP3 ID3v2 metadata. MP3 album artist java.lang.String The artist for the overall album, possibly "Various Artists" for compilations. MP3 album java.lang.String The name of the album. MP3 artist java.lang.String The artist of the track. MP3 comment-N java.lang.String A comment where N is a 0-relative index. Comment format: ContentDescription[lng]=Comment MP3 composer java.lang.String The composer of the track. MP3 year java.lang.Integer The year the track was recorded. MP3 disc count java.lang.Integer The number of discs in the album. MP3 disc number java.lang.Integer The 1-relative index of the disc on which this track appears. MP3 duration javafx.util.Duration The duration of the track. MP3 genre java.lang.String The genre of the track, for example, "Classical," "Darkwave," or "Jazz." MP3 image javafx.scene.image.Image The album cover. MP3 title java.lang.String The name of the track. MP3 track count java.lang.Integer The number of tracks on the album. MP3 track number java.lang.Integer The 1-relative index of this track on the disc.
Playing Media in Java FX
Basic Playback
The basic steps required to play media in Java FX are:
- Create a {@link javafx.scene.media.Media} object for the desired media source.
- Create a {@link javafx.scene.media.MediaPlayer} object from the
Media object.
- Create a {@link javafx.scene.media.MediaView} object.
- Add the
MediaPlayer to the MediaView.
- Add the
MediaView to the scene graph.
- Invoke {@link javafx.scene.media.MediaPlayer#play()}.
The foregoing steps are illustrated by the sample code in the MediaView
class documentation. Some things which should be noted are:
- One
Media object may be shared among multiple MediaPlayers.
- One
MediaPlayer may be shared amoung multiple MediaViews.
- Media may be played directly by a
MediaPlayer
without creating a MediaView although a view is required for display.
- Instead of
MediaPlayer.play(),
{@link javafx.scene.media.MediaPlayer#setAutoPlay MediaPlayer.setAutoPlay(true)}
may be used to request that playing start as soon as possible.
MediaPlayer has several operational states defined by
{@link javafx.scene.media.MediaPlayer.Status}.
- Audio-only media may instead be played using {@link javafx.scene.media.AudioClip}
(recommended for low latency playback of short clips).
Error Handling
Errors using Java FX Media may be either synchronous or asynchronous. In general
synchronous errors will manifest themselves as a Java Exception and
asynchronous errors will cause a Java FX property to be set. In the latter case
either the error property may be observed directly, an
onError callback registered, or possibly both.
The main sources of synchronous errors are
{@link javafx.scene.media.Media#Media Media()} and
{@link javafx.scene.media.MediaPlayer#MediaPlayer MediaPlayer()}.
The asynchronous error properties are
{@link javafx.scene.media.Media#errorProperty Media.error} and
{@link javafx.scene.media.MediaPlayer#errorProperty MediaPlayer.error}, and the
asynchronous error callbacks
{@link javafx.scene.media.Media#onErrorProperty Media.onError},
{@link javafx.scene.media.MediaPlayer#onErrorProperty MediaPlayer.onError}, and
{@link javafx.scene.media.MediaView#onErrorProperty MediaView.onError}.
Some errors might be duplicated. For example, a MediaPlayer will
propagate an error that it encounters to its associated Media, and
a MediaPlayer to all its associated MediaViews. As a
consequence, it is possible to receive multiple notifications of the occurrence
of a given error, depending on which properties are monitored.
The following code snippet illustrates error handling with media:
{@code
String source;
Media media;
MediaPlayer mediaPlayer;
MediaView mediaView;
try {
media = new Media(source);
if (media.getError() == null) {
media.setOnError(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
// Handle asynchronous error in Media object.
}
});
try {
mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer(media);
if (mediaPlayer.getError() == null) {
mediaPlayer.setOnError(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
// Handle asynchronous error in MediaPlayer object.
}
});
mediaView = new MediaView(mediaPlayer);
mediaView.setOnError(new EventHandler() {
public void handle(MediaErrorEvent t) {
// Handle asynchronous error in MediaView.
}
});
} else {
// Handle synchronous error creating MediaPlayer.
}
} catch (Exception mediaPlayerException) {
// Handle exception in MediaPlayer constructor.
}
} else {
// Handle synchronous error creating Media.
}
} catch (Exception mediaException) {
// Handle exception in Media constructor.
}
}