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// Copyright 2013-12-30 PlanBase Inc. & Glen Peterson
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package org.organicdesign.fp.function;
import org.organicdesign.fp.Option;
import org.organicdesign.fp.collections.UnmodIterable;
import org.organicdesign.fp.xform.Transformable;
import org.organicdesign.fp.xform.Xform;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Function;
/**
This is like Java 8's java.util.function.Function, but retrofitted to turn checked exceptions
into unchecked ones.
*/
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Function1 extends Function, Consumer {
// ========================================== Static ==========================================
Function1 IDENTITY = new Function1() {
@Override
public Object applyEx(Object t) throws Exception {
return t;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public Function1 compose(Function1 f) {
// Composing any function with the identity function has no effect on the original
// function (by definition of identity) - just return it.
return (Function1) f;
}
};
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static Function1 identity() { return (Function1) IDENTITY; }
static Function1 or(Function1 a, Function1 b) {
return a == ACCEPT ? a : // If any are true, all are true. Accept is always true, so no composition necessary.
a == REJECT ? b : // return whatever b is.
b == ACCEPT ? b : // If any are true, all are true.
b == REJECT ? a : // Just amounts to if a else false, no composition necessary.
(S s) -> (a.apply(s) == Boolean.TRUE) || (b.apply(s) == Boolean.TRUE); // compose new function.
}
static Function1 and(Function1 a, Function1 b) {
return a == ACCEPT ? b : // return whatever b is.
a == REJECT ? a : // if any are false, all are false. No composition necessary.
b == ACCEPT ? a : // Just amounts to if a else false, no composition necessary.
b == REJECT ? b : // If any are false, all are false.
(S s) -> (a.apply(s) == Boolean.TRUE) && (b.apply(s) == Boolean.TRUE); // compose new fn
}
static Function1 negate(Function1 a) {
return a == ACCEPT ? reject() :
a == REJECT ? accept() :
(S s) -> (a.apply(s) == Boolean.TRUE) ? Boolean.FALSE : Boolean.TRUE;
}
/** A predicate that always returns true. Use accept() for a type-safe version of this predicate. */
Function1 ACCEPT = new Function1() {
@Override public Boolean applyEx(Object t) { return Boolean.TRUE; }
};
/** A predicate that always returns false. Use reject() for a type-safe version of this predicate. */
Function1 REJECT = new Function1() {
@Override public Boolean applyEx(Object t) { return Boolean.FALSE; }
};
/** Returns a type-safe version of the ACCEPT predicate. */
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static Function1 accept() { return (Function1) ACCEPT; }
/** Returns a type-safe version of the REJECT predicate. */
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static Function1 reject() { return (Function1) REJECT; }
/**
Composes multiple functions into a single function to potentially minimize trips through
the source data. The resultant function will loop through the functions for each item in the
source. For a few functions and many source items, that takes less memory. Considers no
function to mean the IDENTITY function. This decision is based on the way filters work and
may or may not prove useful in practice. Please use the identity()/IDENTITY
sentinel value in this abstract class since function comparison is done by reference.
LIMITATION: You could have a function that maps from T to U then the next from U to V, the
next from V to W and so on. So long as the output type of one matches up to the input type of
the next, you're golden. But type safety curls up and dies when you try to detect the
IDENTITY function at some point in the chain.
For arbitrary chaining, it's best to roll your own. The following example shows how simple it
is to chain two functions with an intermediate type into a single composite function:
public static <A,B,C> Function1<A,C> chain2(final Function1<A,B> f1, final Function1<B,C> f2) {
return new Function1<A,C>() {
@Override
public C applyEx(A a) throws Exception {
return f2.applyEx(f1.applyEx(a));
}
};
}
Even with 2 arguments, there are several signatures that would work: imagine where A=B, B=C,
or A=C. I just don't see the value to providing a bunch of chain2(), chain3() etc. functions
that will ultimately not be type-safe and cannot perform optimizations for you, when you can
roll your own type safe versions as you need them. Only the simplest case seems worth
providing, along the lines of the and() helper function in Filter()
@param in the functions to applyEx in order. Nulls and IDENTITY functions are ignored.
No functions means IDENTITY.
@param the type of object to chain functions on
@return a function which applies all the given functions in order.
*/
static Function1 compose(Iterable> in) {
if (in == null) {
return identity();
}
final List> out = new ArrayList<>();
for (Function1 f : in) {
if ((f == null) || (f == IDENTITY)) {
continue;
}
out.add(f);
}
if (out.size() < 1) {
return identity(); // No functions means to return the original item
} else if (out.size() == 1) {
return out.get(0);
} else {
return new Function1() {
@Override
public V applyEx(V v) throws Exception {
V ret = v;
for (Function1 f : out) {
ret = f.applyEx(ret);
}
return ret;
}
};
}
}
/**
Composes multiple predicates into a single predicate to potentially minimize trips through
the source data. The resultant predicate will loop through the predicates for each item in
the source, but for few predicates and many source items, that takes less memory. Considers
no predicate to mean "accept all." Use only accept()/ACCEPT and reject()/REJECT since
function comparison is done by reference.
@param in the predicates to test in order. Nulls and ACCEPT predicates are ignored. Any
REJECT predicate will cause this entire method to return a single REJECT predicate. No
predicates means ACCEPT.
@param the type of object to predicate on.
@return a predicate which returns true if all the input predicates return true, false otherwise.
*/
static Function1 and(Iterable> in) {
if (in == null) { return accept(); }
Transformable> v =
(in instanceof UnmodIterable) ? (UnmodIterable>) in
: Xform.of(in);
return v.filter(p -> (p != null) && (p != ACCEPT))
.foldLeft(accept(),
(accum, p) -> (p == REJECT)
? p
: and(accum, p),
accum -> accum == REJECT);
}
/**
Composes multiple predicates into a single predicate to potentially minimize trips through
the source data. The resultant predicate will loop through the predicates for each item in
the source, but for few predicates and many source items, that takes less memory. Considers
no predicate to mean "reject all." Use only accept()/ACCEPT and reject()/REJECT since
function comparison is done by reference.
@param in the predicates to test in order. Nulls and REJECT predicates are ignored. Any
ACCEPT predicate will cause this entire method to return the ACCEPT predicate.
No predicates means REJECT.
@param the type of object to predicate on.
@return a predicate which returns true if any of the input predicates return true,
false otherwise.
*/
static Function1 or(Iterable> in) {
if (in == null) { return reject(); }
Transformable> v =
(in instanceof UnmodIterable) ? (UnmodIterable>) in
: Xform.of(in);
return v.filter(p -> (p != null) && (p != REJECT))
.foldLeft(reject(),
(accum, p) -> (p == ACCEPT)
? p
: or(accum, p),
accum -> accum == ACCEPT);
}
enum BooleanCombiner {
AND {
@Override
public Function1 combine(Iterable> in) {
return and(in);
}
},
OR {
@Override
public Function1 combine(Iterable> in) {
return or(in);
}
};
public abstract Function1 combine(Iterable> in);
}
/**
Use only on pure functions with no side effects. Wrap an expensive function with this and for each input
value, the output will only be computed once. Subsequent calls with the same input will return identical output
very quickly. Please note that the return values from f need to implement equals() and hashCode() correctly
for this to work correctly and quickly.
*/
static Function1 memoize(Function1 f) {
return new Function1() {
private final Map> memo = new HashMap<>();
@Override
public synchronized B applyEx(A a) throws Exception {
Option val = memo.get(a);
if ( (val != null) && val.isSome() ) { return val.get(); }
B ret = f.apply(a);
memo.put(a, Option.of(ret));
return ret;
}
};
}
// ========================================= Instance =========================================
/** Implement this one method and you don't have to worry about checked exceptions. */
U applyEx(T t) throws Exception;
/** Call this convenience method so that you don't have to worry about checked exceptions. */
@Override default U apply(T t) {
try {
return applyEx(t);
} catch (RuntimeException re) {
throw re;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override default void accept(T t) { apply(t); }
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
default Function1 compose(final Function1 f) {
if (f == IDENTITY) {
// This violates type safety, but makes sense - composing any function with the
// identity function should return the original function unchanged. If you mess up the
// types, then that's your problem. With generics and type erasure this may be the
// best you can do.
return (Function1) this;
}
final Function1 parent = this;
return new Function1() {
@Override
public U applyEx(S s) throws Exception {
return parent.applyEx(f.applyEx(s));
}
};
}
}
