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/*
 * Copyright 2014 - Present Rafael Winterhalter
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package net.bytebuddy.utility.visitor;

import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.SuppressFBWarnings;
import net.bytebuddy.build.AccessControllerPlugin;
import net.bytebuddy.description.method.MethodDescription;
import net.bytebuddy.implementation.bytecode.StackSize;
import net.bytebuddy.utility.CompoundList;
import net.bytebuddy.utility.OpenedClassReader;
import net.bytebuddy.utility.nullability.MaybeNull;
import net.bytebuddy.utility.privilege.GetSystemPropertyAction;
import net.bytebuddy.jar.asm.*;

import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * 

* A method visitor that is aware of the current size of the operand stack at all times. Additionally, this method takes * care of maintaining an index for the next currently unused index of the local variable array. *

*

* Important: It is not always possible to apply this method visitor if it is applied to a class file compiled * for Java 5 or earlier, or if frames are computed by ASM and not passed to this visitor, if a method also contains * {@link Opcodes#GOTO} instructions. In the latter case, the stack is assumed empty after the instruction. If this * is a problem, stack adjustment can be disabled by setting {@link StackAwareMethodVisitor#UNADJUSTED_PROPERTY} to * {@code true}. With this setting, Byte Buddy does no longer attempt draining non-empty stacks and skips this visitor * in all cases. This might however lead to verification problems if stacks are left non-empty. As the latter happens * more common and since this visitor is applied defensively, using this wrapper is considered the more sensible default. *

*/ public class StackAwareMethodVisitor extends MethodVisitor { /** * A property to disable stack adjustment. Stack adjustment is typically needed when instrumenting other * generated code that leaves excess values on the stack. This is also often the case when byte code * obfuscation is used. */ public static final String UNADJUSTED_PROPERTY = "net.bytebuddy.unadjusted"; /** * {@code true} if stack adjustment is disabled. */ public static final boolean UNADJUSTED; /* * Reads the raw type property. */ static { boolean disabled; try { disabled = Boolean.parseBoolean(doPrivileged(new GetSystemPropertyAction(UNADJUSTED_PROPERTY))); } catch (Exception ignored) { disabled = false; } UNADJUSTED = disabled; } /** * An array mapping any opcode to its size impact onto the operand stack. This mapping is taken from * {@link net.bytebuddy.jar.asm.Frame} with the difference that the {@link Opcodes#JSR} instruction is * mapped to a size of {@code 0} as it does not impact the stack after returning from the instruction. */ private static final int[] SIZE_CHANGE; /* * Computes a mapping of byte codes to their size impact onto the operand stack. */ static { SIZE_CHANGE = new int[202]; String encoded = "EFFFFFFFFGGFFFGGFFFEEFGFGFEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEDEDEDDDDDCD" + "CDEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEBABABBBBDCFFFGGGEDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCEEEEDDD" + "DDDDCDCDCEFEFDDEEFFDEDEEEBDDBBDDDDDDCCCCCCCCEEEDDDCDCDEEEEEEEEEEFE" + "EEEEEDDEEDDEE"; for (int index = 0; index < SIZE_CHANGE.length; index++) { SIZE_CHANGE[index] = encoded.charAt(index) - 'E'; } } /** * A list of the current elements on the operand stack. */ private List current; /** * A mapping of labels to the operand stack size that is expected at this label. Lists stored in this * map must not be mutated. */ private final Map> sizes; /** * The next index of the local variable array that is available. */ private int freeIndex; /** * Creates a new stack aware method visitor. * * @param methodVisitor The method visitor to delegate operations to. * @param instrumentedMethod The method description for which this method visitor is applied. */ protected StackAwareMethodVisitor(MethodVisitor methodVisitor, MethodDescription instrumentedMethod) { super(OpenedClassReader.ASM_API, methodVisitor); current = new ArrayList(); sizes = new HashMap>(); freeIndex = instrumentedMethod.getStackSize(); } /** * Wraps the provided method visitor within a stack aware method visitor. * * @param methodVisitor The method visitor to delegate operations to. * @param instrumentedMethod The method description for which this method visitor is applied. * @return An appropriate */ public static MethodVisitor of(MethodVisitor methodVisitor, MethodDescription instrumentedMethod) { return UNADJUSTED ? methodVisitor : new StackAwareMethodVisitor(methodVisitor, instrumentedMethod); } /** * A proxy for {@code java.security.AccessController#doPrivileged} that is activated if available. * * @param action The action to execute from a privileged context. * @param The type of the action's resolved value. * @return The action's resolved value. */ @AccessControllerPlugin.Enhance private static T doPrivileged(PrivilegedAction action) { return action.run(); } /** * Adjusts the current state of the operand stack. * * @param delta The change of the current operation of the operand stack. Must not be larger than {@code 2}. */ private void adjustStack(int delta) { adjustStack(delta, 0); } /** * Adjusts the current state of the operand stack. * * @param delta The change of the current operation of the operand stack. Must not be larger than {@code 2}. * @param offset The offset of the value within the operand stack. Must be bigger then {@code 0} and smaller than * the current stack size. Only permitted if the supplied {@code delta} is positive. */ private void adjustStack(int delta, int offset) { if (delta > 2) { throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot push multiple values onto the operand stack: " + delta); } else if (delta > 0) { int position = current.size(); // The operand stack can legally underflow while traversing dead code. while (offset > 0 && position > 0) { offset -= current.get(--position).getSize(); } if (offset < 0) { throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected offset underflow: " + offset); } current.add(position, StackSize.of(delta)); } else if (offset != 0) { throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot specify non-zero offset " + offset + " for non-incrementing value: " + delta); } else { while (delta < 0) { // The operand stack can legally underflow while traversing dead code. if (current.isEmpty()) { return; } delta += current.remove(current.size() - 1).getSize(); } if (delta == 1) { current.add(StackSize.SINGLE); } else if (delta != 0) { throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected remainder on the operand stack: " + delta); } } } /** * Pops all values currently on the stack. */ public void drainStack() { doDrain(current); } /** * Drains the stack to only contain the top value. For this, the value on top of the stack is temporarily stored * in the local variable array until all values on the stack are popped off. Subsequently, the top value is pushed * back onto the operand stack. * * @param store The opcode used for storing the top value. * @param load The opcode used for loading the top value. * @param size The size of the value on top of the operand stack. * @return The minimal size of the local variable array that is required to perform the operation. */ public int drainStack(int store, int load, StackSize size) { if (current.isEmpty()) { return 0; } int difference = current.get(current.size() - 1).getSize() - size.getSize(); if (current.size() == 1 && difference == 0) { return 0; } else { super.visitVarInsn(store, freeIndex); if (difference == 1) { super.visitInsn(Opcodes.POP); } else if (difference != 0) { throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected remainder on the operand stack: " + difference); } doDrain(current.subList(0, current.size() - 1)); super.visitVarInsn(load, freeIndex); return freeIndex + size.getSize(); } } /** * Drains all supplied elements of the operand stack. * * @param stackSizes The stack sizes of the elements to drain. */ private void doDrain(List stackSizes) { ListIterator iterator = stackSizes.listIterator(stackSizes.size()); while (iterator.hasPrevious()) { StackSize current = iterator.previous(); switch (current) { case SINGLE: super.visitInsn(Opcodes.POP); break; case DOUBLE: super.visitInsn(Opcodes.POP2); break; default: throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected stack size: " + current); } } } /** * Explicitly registers a label to define a given stack state. * * @param label The label to register a stack state for. * @param stackSizes The stack sizes to assume when reaching the supplied label. */ public void register(Label label, List stackSizes) { sizes.put(label, stackSizes); } @Override public void visitInsn(int opcode) { switch (opcode) { case Opcodes.RETURN: case Opcodes.ARETURN: case Opcodes.IRETURN: case Opcodes.LRETURN: case Opcodes.FRETURN: case Opcodes.DRETURN: case Opcodes.ATHROW: current.clear(); break; case Opcodes.DUP_X1: case Opcodes.DUP2_X1: adjustStack(SIZE_CHANGE[opcode], SIZE_CHANGE[opcode] + 1); break; case Opcodes.DUP_X2: case Opcodes.DUP2_X2: adjustStack(SIZE_CHANGE[opcode], SIZE_CHANGE[opcode] + 2); break; case Opcodes.D2I: case Opcodes.D2F: case Opcodes.L2F: case Opcodes.L2I: adjustStack(-2); adjustStack(1); break; case Opcodes.I2D: case Opcodes.I2L: case Opcodes.F2D: case Opcodes.F2L: adjustStack(-1); adjustStack(2); break; case Opcodes.LALOAD: case Opcodes.DALOAD: adjustStack(-2); adjustStack(+2); break; default: adjustStack(SIZE_CHANGE[opcode]); } super.visitInsn(opcode); } @Override public void visitIntInsn(int opcode, int operand) { adjustStack(SIZE_CHANGE[opcode]); super.visitIntInsn(opcode, operand); } @Override @SuppressFBWarnings(value = "SF_SWITCH_NO_DEFAULT", justification = "No action required on default option.") public void visitVarInsn(int opcode, int variable) { switch (opcode) { case Opcodes.ASTORE: case Opcodes.ISTORE: case Opcodes.FSTORE: freeIndex = Math.max(freeIndex, variable + 1); break; case Opcodes.LSTORE: case Opcodes.DSTORE: freeIndex = Math.max(freeIndex, variable + 2); break; case Opcodes.RET: current.clear(); break; } adjustStack(SIZE_CHANGE[opcode]); super.visitVarInsn(opcode, variable); } @Override public void visitTypeInsn(int opcode, String type) { adjustStack(SIZE_CHANGE[opcode]); super.visitTypeInsn(opcode, type); } @Override public void visitFieldInsn(int opcode, String owner, String name, String descriptor) { int baseline = Type.getType(descriptor).getSize(); switch (opcode) { case Opcodes.GETFIELD: adjustStack(-1); adjustStack(baseline); break; case Opcodes.GETSTATIC: adjustStack(baseline); break; case Opcodes.PUTFIELD: adjustStack(-baseline - 1); break; case Opcodes.PUTSTATIC: adjustStack(-baseline); break; default: throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected opcode: " + opcode); } super.visitFieldInsn(opcode, owner, name, descriptor); } @Override public void visitMethodInsn(int opcode, String owner, String name, String descriptor, boolean isInterface) { int baseline = Type.getArgumentsAndReturnSizes(descriptor); adjustStack(-(baseline >> 2) + (opcode == Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC ? 1 : 0)); adjustStack(baseline & 0x03); super.visitMethodInsn(opcode, owner, name, descriptor, isInterface); } @Override public void visitInvokeDynamicInsn(String name, String descriptor, Handle bootstrap, Object... bootstrapArguments) { int baseline = Type.getArgumentsAndReturnSizes(descriptor); adjustStack(-(baseline >> 2) + 1); adjustStack(baseline & 0x03); super.visitInvokeDynamicInsn(name, descriptor, bootstrap, bootstrapArguments); } @Override public void visitLdcInsn(Object value) { adjustStack((value instanceof Long || value instanceof Double) ? 2 : 1); super.visitLdcInsn(value); } @Override public void visitMultiANewArrayInsn(String descriptor, int dimension) { adjustStack(1 - dimension); super.visitMultiANewArrayInsn(descriptor, dimension); } @Override public void visitJumpInsn(int opcode, Label label) { adjustStack(SIZE_CHANGE[opcode]); sizes.put(label, new ArrayList(opcode == Opcodes.JSR ? CompoundList.of(current, StackSize.SINGLE) : current)); if (opcode == Opcodes.GOTO) { current.clear(); } super.visitJumpInsn(opcode, label); } @Override public void visitLabel(Label label) { List current = sizes.get(label); if (current != null) { this.current = new ArrayList(current); } super.visitLabel(label); } @Override public void visitLineNumber(int line, Label start) { super.visitLineNumber(line, start); } @Override public void visitTableSwitchInsn(int minimum, int maximum, Label defaultOption, Label... option) { adjustStack(-1); List current = new ArrayList(this.current); sizes.put(defaultOption, current); for (Label label : option) { sizes.put(label, current); } super.visitTableSwitchInsn(minimum, maximum, defaultOption, option); } @Override public void visitLookupSwitchInsn(Label defaultOption, int[] key, Label[] option) { adjustStack(-1); List current = new ArrayList(this.current); sizes.put(defaultOption, current); for (Label label : option) { sizes.put(label, current); } super.visitLookupSwitchInsn(defaultOption, key, option); } @Override public void visitTryCatchBlock(Label start, Label end, Label handler, @MaybeNull String type) { sizes.put(handler, Collections.singletonList(StackSize.SINGLE)); super.visitTryCatchBlock(start, end, handler, type); } @Override @SuppressFBWarnings(value = "RC_REF_COMPARISON_BAD_PRACTICE", justification = "ASM models frames by reference identity.") public void visitFrame(int type, int localVariableLength, @MaybeNull Object[] localVariable, int stackSize, @MaybeNull Object[] stack) { switch (type) { case Opcodes.F_SAME: case Opcodes.F_CHOP: case Opcodes.F_APPEND: current.clear(); break; case Opcodes.F_SAME1: current.clear(); if (stack[0] == Opcodes.LONG || stack[0] == Opcodes.DOUBLE) { current.add(StackSize.DOUBLE); } else { current.add(StackSize.SINGLE); } break; case Opcodes.F_NEW: case Opcodes.F_FULL: current.clear(); for (int index = 0; index < stackSize; index++) { if (stack[index] == Opcodes.LONG || stack[index] == Opcodes.DOUBLE) { current.add(StackSize.DOUBLE); } else { current.add(StackSize.SINGLE); } } break; default: throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown frame type: " + type); } super.visitFrame(type, localVariableLength, localVariable, stackSize, stack); } }




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