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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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package java.text;

import java.awt.font.NumericShaper;
import java.awt.font.TextAttribute;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * Implements the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm.
 *
 * 

Use a {@code Bidi} object to get the information on the position reordering of a * bidirectional text, such as Arabic or Hebrew. The natural display ordering of * horizontal text in these languages is from right to left, while they order * numbers from left to right. * *

If the text contains multiple runs, the information of each run can be * obtained from the run index. The level of any particular run indicates the * direction of the text as well as the nesting level. Left-to-right runs have * even levels while right-to-left runs have odd levels. */ public final class Bidi { /** * Constant that indicates the default base level. If there is no strong * character, then set the paragraph level to 0 (left-to-right). */ public static final int DIRECTION_DEFAULT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT = -2; /** * Constant that indicates the default base level. If there is no strong * character, then set the paragraph level to 1 (right-to-left). */ public static final int DIRECTION_DEFAULT_RIGHT_TO_LEFT = -1; /** * Constant that specifies the default base level as 0 (left-to-right). */ public static final int DIRECTION_LEFT_TO_RIGHT = 0; /** * Constant that specifies the default base level as 1 (right-to-left). */ public static final int DIRECTION_RIGHT_TO_LEFT = 1; /** * TODO: if we care about performance, we might just want to use an int[] instead of a Run[]. */ static class Run { private final int start; private final int limit; private final int level; public Run(int start, int limit, int level) { this.start = start; this.limit = limit; this.level = level; } public int getLevel() { return level; } public int getLimit() { return limit; } public int getStart() { return start; } } /** * Creates a {@code Bidi} object from the {@code * AttributedCharacterIterator} of a paragraph text. The RUN_DIRECTION * attribute determines the base direction of the bidirectional text. If it * is not specified explicitly, the algorithm uses * DIRECTION_DEFAULT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT by default. The BIDI_EMBEDDING attribute * specifies the level of embedding for each character. Values between -1 * and -62 denote overrides at the level's absolute value, values from 1 to * 62 indicate embeddings, and the 0 value indicates the level is calculated * by the algorithm automatically. For the character with no BIDI_EMBEDDING * attribute or with a improper attribute value, such as a {@code null} * value, the algorithm treats its embedding level as 0. The NUMERIC_SHAPING * attribute specifies the instance of NumericShaper used to convert * European digits to other decimal digits before performing the bidi * algorithm. * * @param paragraph * the String containing the paragraph text to perform the * algorithm. * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code paragraph == null} * @see java.awt.font.TextAttribute#BIDI_EMBEDDING * @see java.awt.font.TextAttribute#NUMERIC_SHAPING * @see java.awt.font.TextAttribute#RUN_DIRECTION */ public Bidi(AttributedCharacterIterator paragraph) { if (paragraph == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("paragraph is null"); } int begin = paragraph.getBeginIndex(); int end = paragraph.getEndIndex(); int length = end - begin; char[] text = new char[length + 1]; // One more char for AttributedCharacterIterator.DONE if (length != 0) { text[0] = paragraph.first(); } else { paragraph.first(); } // First check the RUN_DIRECTION attribute. int flags = DIRECTION_DEFAULT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT; Object direction = paragraph.getAttribute(TextAttribute.RUN_DIRECTION); if (direction != null && direction instanceof Boolean) { if (direction.equals(TextAttribute.RUN_DIRECTION_LTR)) { flags = DIRECTION_LEFT_TO_RIGHT; } else { flags = DIRECTION_RIGHT_TO_LEFT; } } // Retrieve the text and gather BIDI_EMBEDDINGS byte[] embeddings = null; for (int textLimit = 1, i = 1; i < length; textLimit = paragraph .getRunLimit(TextAttribute.BIDI_EMBEDDING) - begin + 1) { Object embedding = paragraph.getAttribute(TextAttribute.BIDI_EMBEDDING); if (embedding != null && embedding instanceof Integer) { int embLevel = ((Integer) embedding).intValue(); if (embeddings == null) { embeddings = new byte[length]; } for (; i < textLimit; i++) { text[i] = paragraph.next(); embeddings[i - 1] = (byte) embLevel; } } else { for (; i < textLimit; i++) { text[i] = paragraph.next(); } } } // Apply NumericShaper to the text Object numericShaper = paragraph.getAttribute(TextAttribute.NUMERIC_SHAPING); if (numericShaper != null && numericShaper instanceof NumericShaper) { ((NumericShaper) numericShaper).shape(text, 0, length); } long bidi = 0; try { bidi = createUBiDi(text, 0, embeddings, 0, length, flags); readBidiInfo(bidi); } finally { ubidi_close(bidi); } } /** * Creates a {@code Bidi} object. * * @param text * the char array of the paragraph text that is processed. * @param textStart * the index in {@code text} of the start of the paragraph. * @param embeddings * the embedding level array of the paragraph text, specifying * the embedding level information for each character. Values * between -1 and -61 denote overrides at the level's absolute * value, values from 1 to 61 indicate embeddings, and the 0 * value indicates the level is calculated by the algorithm * automatically. * @param embStart * the index in {@code embeddings} of the start of the paragraph. * @param paragraphLength * the length of the text to perform the algorithm. * @param flags * indicates the base direction of the bidirectional text. It is * expected that this will be one of the direction constant * values defined in this class. An unknown value is treated as * DIRECTION_DEFAULT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT. * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if {@code textStart}, {@code embStart}, or {@code * paragraphLength} is negative; if * {@code text.length < textStart + paragraphLength} or * {@code embeddings.length < embStart + paragraphLength}. * @see #DIRECTION_LEFT_TO_RIGHT * @see #DIRECTION_RIGHT_TO_LEFT * @see #DIRECTION_DEFAULT_RIGHT_TO_LEFT * @see #DIRECTION_DEFAULT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT */ public Bidi(char[] text, int textStart, byte[] embeddings, int embStart, int paragraphLength, int flags) { if (text == null || text.length - textStart < paragraphLength) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(); } if (embeddings != null) { if (embeddings.length - embStart < paragraphLength) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(); } } if (textStart < 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative textStart value " + textStart); } if (embStart < 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative embStart value " + embStart); } if (paragraphLength < 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative paragraph length " + paragraphLength); } long bidi = 0; try { bidi = createUBiDi(text, textStart, embeddings, embStart, paragraphLength, flags); readBidiInfo(bidi); } finally { ubidi_close(bidi); } } /** * Creates a {@code Bidi} object. * * @param paragraph * the string containing the paragraph text to perform the * algorithm on. * @param flags * indicates the base direction of the bidirectional text. It is * expected that this will be one of the direction constant * values defined in this class. An unknown value is treated as * DIRECTION_DEFAULT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT. * @see #DIRECTION_LEFT_TO_RIGHT * @see #DIRECTION_RIGHT_TO_LEFT * @see #DIRECTION_DEFAULT_RIGHT_TO_LEFT * @see #DIRECTION_DEFAULT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT */ public Bidi(String paragraph, int flags) { this((paragraph == null ? null : paragraph.toCharArray()), 0, null, 0, (paragraph == null ? 0 : paragraph.length()), flags); } // create the native UBiDi struct, need to be closed with ubidi_close(). private static long createUBiDi(char[] text, int textStart, byte[] embeddings, int embStart, int paragraphLength, int flags) { char[] realText = null; byte[] realEmbeddings = null; if (text == null || text.length - textStart < paragraphLength) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(); } realText = new char[paragraphLength]; System.arraycopy(text, textStart, realText, 0, paragraphLength); if (embeddings != null) { if (embeddings.length - embStart < paragraphLength) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(); } if (paragraphLength > 0) { Bidi temp = new Bidi(text, textStart, null, 0, paragraphLength, flags); realEmbeddings = new byte[paragraphLength]; System.arraycopy(temp.offsetLevel, 0, realEmbeddings, 0, paragraphLength); for (int i = 0; i < paragraphLength; i++) { byte e = embeddings[i]; if (e < 0) { realEmbeddings[i] = (byte) (UBIDI_LEVEL_OVERRIDE - e); } else if (e > 0) { realEmbeddings[i] = e; } else { realEmbeddings[i] |= (byte) UBIDI_LEVEL_OVERRIDE; } } } } if (flags > 1 || flags < -2) { flags = 0; } long bidi = 0; boolean needsDeletion = true; try { bidi = ubidi_open(); ubidi_setPara(bidi, realText, paragraphLength, flags, realEmbeddings); needsDeletion = false; } finally { if (needsDeletion) { ubidi_close(bidi); } } return bidi; } /* private constructor used by createLineBidi() */ private Bidi(long pBidi) { readBidiInfo(pBidi); } // read info from the native UBiDi struct private void readBidiInfo(long pBidi) { length = ubidi_getLength(pBidi); offsetLevel = (length == 0) ? null : ubidi_getLevels(pBidi); baseLevel = ubidi_getParaLevel(pBidi); int runCount = ubidi_countRuns(pBidi); if (runCount == 0) { unidirectional = true; runs = null; } else if (runCount < 0) { runs = null; } else { runs = ubidi_getRuns(pBidi); // Simplified case for one run which has the base level if (runCount == 1 && runs[0].getLevel() == baseLevel) { unidirectional = true; runs = null; } } direction = ubidi_getDirection(pBidi); } private int baseLevel; private int length; private byte[] offsetLevel; private Run[] runs; private int direction; private boolean unidirectional; /** * Returns whether the base level is from left to right. * * @return true if the base level is from left to right. */ public boolean baseIsLeftToRight() { return baseLevel % 2 == 0 ? true : false; } /** * Creates a new {@code Bidi} object containing the information of one line * from this object. * * @param lineStart * the start offset of the line. * @param lineLimit * the limit of the line. * @return the new line Bidi object. In this new object, the indices will * range from 0 to (limit - start - 1). * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if {@code lineStart < 0}, {@code lineLimit < 0}, {@code * lineStart > lineLimit} or if {@code lineStart} is greater * than the length of this object's paragraph text. */ public Bidi createLineBidi(int lineStart, int lineLimit) { if (lineStart < 0 || lineLimit < 0 || lineLimit > length || lineStart > lineLimit) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid ranges (start=" + lineStart + ", " + "limit=" + lineLimit + ", length=" + length + ")"); } char[] text = new char[this.length]; Arrays.fill(text, 'a'); byte[] embeddings = new byte[this.length]; for (int i = 0; i < embeddings.length; i++) { embeddings[i] = (byte) -this.offsetLevel[i]; } int dir = this.baseIsLeftToRight() ? Bidi.DIRECTION_LEFT_TO_RIGHT : Bidi.DIRECTION_RIGHT_TO_LEFT; long parent = 0; try { parent = createUBiDi(text, 0, embeddings, 0, this.length, dir); if (lineStart == lineLimit) { return createEmptyLineBidi(parent); } return new Bidi(ubidi_setLine(parent, lineStart, lineLimit)); } finally { ubidi_close(parent); } } private Bidi createEmptyLineBidi(long parent) { // ICU4C doesn't allow this case, but the RI does. Bidi result = new Bidi(parent); result.length = 0; result.offsetLevel = null; result.runs = null; result.unidirectional = true; return result; } /** * Returns the base level. * * @return the base level. */ public int getBaseLevel() { return baseLevel; } /** * Returns the length of the text in the {@code Bidi} object. * * @return the length. */ public int getLength() { return length; } /** * Returns the level of a specified character. * * @param offset * the offset of the character. * @return the level. */ public int getLevelAt(int offset) { try { return offsetLevel[offset] & ~UBIDI_LEVEL_OVERRIDE; } catch (RuntimeException e) { return baseLevel; } } /** * Returns the number of runs in the bidirectional text. * * @return the number of runs, at least 1. */ public int getRunCount() { return unidirectional ? 1 : runs.length; } /** * Returns the level of the specified run. * * @param run * the index of the run. * @return the level of the run. */ public int getRunLevel(int run) { return unidirectional ? baseLevel : runs[run].getLevel(); } /** * Returns the limit offset of the specified run. * * @param run * the index of the run. * @return the limit offset of the run. */ public int getRunLimit(int run) { return unidirectional ? length : runs[run].getLimit(); } /** * Returns the start offset of the specified run. * * @param run * the index of the run. * @return the start offset of the run. */ public int getRunStart(int run) { return unidirectional ? 0 : runs[run].getStart(); } /** * Indicates whether the text is from left to right, that is, both the base * direction and the text direction is from left to right. * * @return {@code true} if the text is from left to right; {@code false} * otherwise. */ public boolean isLeftToRight() { return direction == UBiDiDirection_UBIDI_LTR; } /** * Indicates whether the text direction is mixed. * * @return {@code true} if the text direction is mixed; {@code false} * otherwise. */ public boolean isMixed() { return direction == UBiDiDirection_UBIDI_MIXED; } /** * Indicates whether the text is from right to left, that is, both the base * direction and the text direction is from right to left. * * @return {@code true} if the text is from right to left; {@code false} * otherwise. */ public boolean isRightToLeft() { return direction == UBiDiDirection_UBIDI_RTL; } /** * Reorders a range of objects according to their specified levels. This is * a convenience function that does not use a {@code Bidi} object. The range * of objects at {@code index} from {@code objectStart} to {@code * objectStart + count} will be reordered according to the range of levels * at {@code index} from {@code levelStart} to {@code levelStart + count}. * * @param levels * the level array, which is already determined. * @param levelStart * the start offset of the range of the levels. * @param objects * the object array to reorder. * @param objectStart * the start offset of the range of objects. * @param count * the count of the range of objects to reorder. * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if {@code count}, {@code levelStart} or {@code objectStart} * is negative; if {@code count > levels.length - levelStart} or * if {@code count > objects.length - objectStart}. */ public static void reorderVisually(byte[] levels, int levelStart, Object[] objects, int objectStart, int count) { if (count < 0 || levelStart < 0 || objectStart < 0 || count > levels.length - levelStart || count > objects.length - objectStart) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid ranges (levels=" + levels.length + ", levelStart=" + levelStart + ", objects=" + objects.length + ", objectStart=" + objectStart + ", count=" + count + ")"); } byte[] realLevels = new byte[count]; System.arraycopy(levels, levelStart, realLevels, 0, count); int[] indices = ubidi_reorderVisual(realLevels, count); ArrayList result = new ArrayList(count); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { result.add(objects[objectStart + indices[i]]); } System.arraycopy(result.toArray(), 0, objects, objectStart, count); } /** * Indicates whether a range of characters of a text requires a {@code Bidi} * object to display properly. * * @param text * the char array of the text. * @param start * the start offset of the range of characters. * @param limit * the limit offset of the range of characters. * @return {@code true} if the range of characters requires a {@code Bidi} * object; {@code false} otherwise. * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if {@code start} or {@code limit} is negative; {@code start > * limit} or {@code limit} is greater than the length of this * object's paragraph text. */ public static boolean requiresBidi(char[] text, int start, int limit) { if (limit < 0 || start < 0 || start > limit || limit > text.length) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(); } Bidi bidi = new Bidi(text, start, null, 0, limit - start, 0); return !bidi.isLeftToRight(); } @Override public String toString() { return getClass().getName() + "[direction: " + direction + " baseLevel: " + baseLevel + " length: " + length + " runs: " + Arrays.toString(runs) + "]"; } // ICU4C constants. private static final int UBIDI_LEVEL_OVERRIDE = 0x80; private static final int UBiDiDirection_UBIDI_LTR = 0; private static final int UBiDiDirection_UBIDI_RTL = 1; private static final int UBiDiDirection_UBIDI_MIXED = 2; // ICU4C functions. private static native long ubidi_open(); private static native void ubidi_close(long pBiDi); private static native void ubidi_setPara(long pBiDi, char[] text, int length, int paraLevel, byte[] embeddingLevels); private static native long ubidi_setLine(final long pParaBiDi, int start, int limit); private static native int ubidi_getDirection(final long pBiDi); private static native int ubidi_getLength(final long pBiDi); private static native byte ubidi_getParaLevel(final long pBiDi); private static native byte[] ubidi_getLevels(long pBiDi); private static native int ubidi_countRuns(long pBiDi); private static native Bidi.Run[] ubidi_getRuns(long pBidi); private static native int[] ubidi_reorderVisual(byte[] levels, int length); }