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/*
* Copyright 2001-2008 The Apache Software Foundation.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package net.oauth.signature;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.math.BigInteger;
/**
* Provides Base64 encoding and decoding as defined by RFC 2045.
*
*
* This class implements section 6.8. Base64 Content-Transfer-Encoding from RFC 2045 Multipurpose
* Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies by Freed and Borenstein.
*
*
* @see RFC 2045
* @author Apache Software Foundation
* @author John Kristian
*/
class Base64 {
/**
* Chunk size per RFC 2045 section 6.8.
*
*
* The {@value} character limit does not count the trailing CRLF, but counts all other characters, including any
* equal signs.
*
*
* @see RFC 2045 section 6.8
*/
static final int CHUNK_SIZE = 76;
/**
* Chunk separator per RFC 2045 section 2.1.
*
* @see RFC 2045 section 2.1
*/
static final byte[] CHUNK_SEPARATOR = {'\r','\n'};
/**
* This array is a lookup table that translates 6-bit positive integer
* index values into their "Base64 Alphabet" equivalents as specified
* in Table 1 of RFC 2045.
*
* Thanks to "commons" project in ws.apache.org for this code.
* http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/webservices/commons/trunk/modules/util/
*/
private static final byte[] intToBase64 = {
'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M',
'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z',
'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm',
'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/'
};
/**
* Byte used to pad output.
*/
private static final byte PAD = '=';
/**
* This array is a lookup table that translates unicode characters
* drawn from the "Base64 Alphabet" (as specified in Table 1 of RFC 2045)
* into their 6-bit positive integer equivalents. Characters that
* are not in the Base64 alphabet but fall within the bounds of the
* array are translated to -1.
*
* Thanks to "commons" project in ws.apache.org for this code.
* http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/webservices/commons/trunk/modules/util/
*/
private static final byte[] base64ToInt = {
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 62, -1, -1, -1, 63, 52, 53, 54,
55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51
};
/** Mask used to extract 6 bits, used when encoding */
private static final int MASK_6BITS = 0x3f;
/** Mask used to extract 8 bits, used in decoding base64 bytes */
private static final int MASK_8BITS = 0xff;
// The static final fields above are used for the original static byte[] methods on Base64.
// The private member fields below are used with the new streaming approach, which requires
// some state be preserved between calls of encode() and decode().
/**
* Line length for encoding. Not used when decoding. A value of zero or less implies
* no chunking of the base64 encoded data.
*/
private final int lineLength;
/**
* Line separator for encoding. Not used when decoding. Only used if lineLength > 0.
*/
private final byte[] lineSeparator;
/**
* Convenience variable to help us determine when our buffer is going to run out of
* room and needs resizing. decodeSize = 3 + lineSeparator.length;
*/
private final int decodeSize;
/**
* Convenience variable to help us determine when our buffer is going to run out of
* room and needs resizing. encodeSize = 4 + lineSeparator.length;
*/
private final int encodeSize;
/**
* Buffer for streaming.
*/
private byte[] buf;
/**
* Position where next character should be written in the buffer.
*/
private int pos;
/**
* Position where next character should be read from the buffer.
*/
private int readPos;
/**
* Variable tracks how many characters have been written to the current line.
* Only used when encoding. We use it to make sure each encoded line never
* goes beyond lineLength (if lineLength > 0).
*/
private int currentLinePos;
/**
* Writes to the buffer only occur after every 3 reads when encoding, an
* every 4 reads when decoding. This variable helps track that.
*/
private int modulus;
/**
* Boolean flag to indicate the EOF has been reached. Once EOF has been
* reached, this Base64 object becomes useless, and must be thrown away.
*/
private boolean eof;
/**
* Place holder for the 3 bytes we're dealing with for our base64 logic.
* Bitwise operations store and extract the base64 encoding or decoding from
* this variable.
*/
private int x;
/**
* Default constructor: lineLength is 76, and the lineSeparator is CRLF
* when encoding, and all forms can be decoded.
*/
public Base64() {
this(CHUNK_SIZE, CHUNK_SEPARATOR);
}
/**
*
* Consumer can use this constructor to choose a different lineLength
* when encoding (lineSeparator is still CRLF). All forms of data can
* be decoded.
*
* Note: lineLengths that aren't multiples of 4 will still essentially
* end up being multiples of 4 in the encoded data.
*
*
* @param lineLength each line of encoded data will be at most this long
* (rounded up to nearest multiple of 4).
* If lineLength <= 0, then the output will not be divided into lines (chunks).
* Ignored when decoding.
*/
public Base64(int lineLength) {
this(lineLength, CHUNK_SEPARATOR);
}
/**
*
* Consumer can use this constructor to choose a different lineLength
* and lineSeparator when encoding. All forms of data can
* be decoded.
*
* Note: lineLengths that aren't multiples of 4 will still essentially
* end up being multiples of 4 in the encoded data.
*
* @param lineLength Each line of encoded data will be at most this long
* (rounded up to nearest multiple of 4). Ignored when decoding.
* If <= 0, then output will not be divided into lines (chunks).
* @param lineSeparator Each line of encoded data will end with this
* sequence of bytes.
* If lineLength <= 0, then the lineSeparator is not used.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException The provided lineSeparator included
* some base64 characters. That's not going to work!
*/
public Base64(int lineLength, byte[] lineSeparator) {
this.lineLength = lineLength;
this.lineSeparator = new byte[lineSeparator.length];
System.arraycopy(lineSeparator, 0, this.lineSeparator, 0, lineSeparator.length);
if (lineLength > 0) {
this.encodeSize = 4 + lineSeparator.length;
} else {
this.encodeSize = 4;
}
this.decodeSize = encodeSize - 1;
if (containsBase64Byte(lineSeparator)) {
String sep;
try {
sep = new String(lineSeparator, "UTF-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException uee) {
sep = new String(lineSeparator);
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("lineSeperator must not contain base64 characters: [" + sep + "]");
}
}
/**
* Returns true if this Base64 object has buffered data for reading.
*
* @return true if there is Base64 object still available for reading.
*/
boolean hasData() { return buf != null; }
/**
* Returns the amount of buffered data available for reading.
*
* @return The amount of buffered data available for reading.
*/
int avail() { return buf != null ? pos - readPos : 0; }
/** Doubles our buffer. */
private void resizeBuf() {
if (buf == null) {
buf = new byte[8192];
pos = 0;
readPos = 0;
} else {
byte[] b = new byte[buf.length * 2];
System.arraycopy(buf, 0, b, 0, buf.length);
buf = b;
}
}
/**
* Extracts buffered data into the provided byte[] array, starting
* at position bPos, up to a maximum of bAvail bytes. Returns how
* many bytes were actually extracted.
*
* @param b byte[] array to extract the buffered data into.
* @param bPos position in byte[] array to start extraction at.
* @param bAvail amount of bytes we're allowed to extract. We may extract
* fewer (if fewer are available).
* @return The number of bytes successfully extracted into the provided
* byte[] array.
*/
int readResults(byte[] b, int bPos, int bAvail) {
if (buf != null) {
int len = Math.min(avail(), bAvail);
if (buf != b) {
System.arraycopy(buf, readPos, b, bPos, len);
readPos += len;
if (readPos >= pos) {
buf = null;
}
} else {
// Re-using the original consumer's output array is only
// allowed for one round.
buf = null;
}
return len;
} else {
return eof ? -1 : 0;
}
}
/**
* Small optimization where we try to buffer directly to the consumer's
* output array for one round (if consumer calls this method first!) instead
* of starting our own buffer.
*
* @param out byte[] array to buffer directly to.
* @param outPos Position to start buffering into.
* @param outAvail Amount of bytes available for direct buffering.
*/
void setInitialBuffer(byte[] out, int outPos, int outAvail) {
// We can re-use consumer's original output array under
// special circumstances, saving on some System.arraycopy().
if (out != null && out.length == outAvail) {
buf = out;
pos = outPos;
readPos = outPos;
}
}
/**
*
* Encodes all of the provided data, starting at inPos, for inAvail bytes.
* Must be called at least twice: once with the data to encode, and once
* with inAvail set to "-1" to alert encoder that EOF has been reached,
* so flush last remaining bytes (if not multiple of 3).
*
* Thanks to "commons" project in ws.apache.org for the bitwise operations,
* and general approach.
* http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/webservices/commons/trunk/modules/util/
*
*
* @param in byte[] array of binary data to base64 encode.
* @param inPos Position to start reading data from.
* @param inAvail Amount of bytes available from input for encoding.
*/
void encode(byte[] in, int inPos, int inAvail) {
if (eof) {
return;
}
// inAvail < 0 is how we're informed of EOF in the underlying data we're
// encoding.
if (inAvail < 0) {
eof = true;
if (buf == null || buf.length - pos < encodeSize) {
resizeBuf();
}
switch (modulus) {
case 1:
buf[pos++] = intToBase64[(x >> 2) & MASK_6BITS];
buf[pos++] = intToBase64[(x << 4) & MASK_6BITS];
buf[pos++] = PAD;
buf[pos++] = PAD;
break;
case 2:
buf[pos++] = intToBase64[(x >> 10) & MASK_6BITS];
buf[pos++] = intToBase64[(x >> 4) & MASK_6BITS];
buf[pos++] = intToBase64[(x << 2) & MASK_6BITS];
buf[pos++] = PAD;
break;
}
if (lineLength > 0) {
System.arraycopy(lineSeparator, 0, buf, pos, lineSeparator.length);
pos += lineSeparator.length;
}
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < inAvail; i++) {
if (buf == null || buf.length - pos < encodeSize) {
resizeBuf();
}
modulus = (++modulus) % 3;
int b = in[inPos++];
if (b < 0) { b += 256; }
x = (x << 8) + b;
if (0 == modulus) {
buf[pos++] = intToBase64[(x >> 18) & MASK_6BITS];
buf[pos++] = intToBase64[(x >> 12) & MASK_6BITS];
buf[pos++] = intToBase64[(x >> 6) & MASK_6BITS];
buf[pos++] = intToBase64[x & MASK_6BITS];
currentLinePos += 4;
if (lineLength > 0 && lineLength <= currentLinePos) {
System.arraycopy(lineSeparator, 0, buf, pos, lineSeparator.length);
pos += lineSeparator.length;
currentLinePos = 0;
}
}
}
}
}
/**
*
* Decodes all of the provided data, starting at inPos, for inAvail bytes.
* Should be called at least twice: once with the data to decode, and once
* with inAvail set to "-1" to alert decoder that EOF has been reached.
* The "-1" call is not necessary when decoding, but it doesn't hurt, either.
*
* Ignores all non-base64 characters. This is how chunked (e.g. 76 character)
* data is handled, since CR and LF are silently ignored, but has implications
* for other bytes, too. This method subscribes to the garbage-in, garbage-out
* philosophy: it will not check the provided data for validity.
*
* Thanks to "commons" project in ws.apache.org for the bitwise operations,
* and general approach.
* http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/webservices/commons/trunk/modules/util/
*
* @param in byte[] array of ascii data to base64 decode.
* @param inPos Position to start reading data from.
* @param inAvail Amount of bytes available from input for encoding.
*/
void decode(byte[] in, int inPos, int inAvail) {
if (eof) {
return;
}
if (inAvail < 0) {
eof = true;
}
for (int i = 0; i < inAvail; i++) {
if (buf == null || buf.length - pos < decodeSize) {
resizeBuf();
}
byte b = in[inPos++];
if (b == PAD) {
x = x << 6;
switch (modulus) {
case 2:
x = x << 6;
buf[pos++] = (byte) ((x >> 16) & MASK_8BITS);
break;
case 3:
buf[pos++] = (byte) ((x >> 16) & MASK_8BITS);
buf[pos++] = (byte) ((x >> 8) & MASK_8BITS);
break;
}
// WE'RE DONE!!!!
eof = true;
return;
} else {
if (b >= 0 && b < base64ToInt.length) {
int result = base64ToInt[b];
if (result >= 0) {
modulus = (++modulus) % 4;
x = (x << 6) + result;
if (modulus == 0) {
buf[pos++] = (byte) ((x >> 16) & MASK_8BITS);
buf[pos++] = (byte) ((x >> 8) & MASK_8BITS);
buf[pos++] = (byte) (x & MASK_8BITS);
}
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* Returns whether or not the octet is in the base 64 alphabet.
*
* @param octet
* The value to test
* @return true if the value is defined in the the base 64 alphabet, false otherwise.
*/
public static boolean isBase64(byte octet) {
return octet == PAD || (octet >= 0 && octet < base64ToInt.length && base64ToInt[octet] != -1);
}
/**
* Tests a given byte array to see if it contains only valid characters within the Base64 alphabet.
* Currently the method treats whitespace as valid.
*
* @param arrayOctet
* byte array to test
* @return true if all bytes are valid characters in the Base64 alphabet or if the byte array is
* empty; false, otherwise
*/
public static boolean isArrayByteBase64(byte[] arrayOctet) {
for (int i = 0; i < arrayOctet.length; i++) {
if (!isBase64(arrayOctet[i]) && !isWhiteSpace(arrayOctet[i])) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/*
* Tests a given byte array to see if it contains only valid characters within the Base64 alphabet.
*
* @param arrayOctet
* byte array to test
* @return true if any byte is a valid character in the Base64 alphabet; false herwise
*/
private static boolean containsBase64Byte(byte[] arrayOctet) {
for (int i = 0; i < arrayOctet.length; i++) {
if (isBase64(arrayOctet[i])) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm but does not chunk the output.
*
* @param binaryData
* binary data to encode
* @return Base64 characters
*/
public static byte[] encodeBase64(byte[] binaryData) {
return encodeBase64(binaryData, false);
}
/**
* Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm and chunks the encoded output into 76 character blocks
*
* @param binaryData
* binary data to encode
* @return Base64 characters chunked in 76 character blocks
*/
public static byte[] encodeBase64Chunked(byte[] binaryData) {
return encodeBase64(binaryData, true);
}
/**
* Decodes a byte[] containing containing characters in the Base64 alphabet.
*
* @param pArray
* A byte array containing Base64 character data
* @return a byte array containing binary data
*/
public byte[] decode(byte[] pArray) {
return decodeBase64(pArray);
}
/**
* Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm, optionally chunking the output into 76 character blocks.
*
* @param binaryData
* Array containing binary data to encode.
* @param isChunked
* if true this encoder will chunk the base64 output into 76 character blocks
* @return Base64-encoded data.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* Thrown when the input array needs an output array bigger than {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}
*/
public static byte[] encodeBase64(byte[] binaryData, boolean isChunked) {
if (binaryData == null || binaryData.length == 0) {
return binaryData;
}
Base64 b64 = isChunked ? new Base64() : new Base64(0);
long len = (binaryData.length * 4) / 3;
long mod = len % 4;
if (mod != 0) {
len += 4 - mod;
}
if (isChunked) {
len += (1 + (len / CHUNK_SIZE)) * CHUNK_SEPARATOR.length;
}
if (len > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Input array too big, output array would be bigger than Integer.MAX_VALUE=" + Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
byte[] buf = new byte[(int) len];
b64.setInitialBuffer(buf, 0, buf.length);
b64.encode(binaryData, 0, binaryData.length);
b64.encode(binaryData, 0, -1); // Notify encoder of EOF.
// Encoder might have resized, even though it was unnecessary.
if (b64.buf != buf) {
b64.readResults(buf, 0, buf.length);
}
return buf;
}
/**
* Decodes Base64 data into octets
*
* @param base64Data Byte array containing Base64 data
* @return Array containing decoded data.
*/
public static byte[] decodeBase64(byte[] base64Data) {
if (base64Data == null || base64Data.length == 0) {
return base64Data;
}
Base64 b64 = new Base64();
long len = (base64Data.length * 3) / 4;
byte[] buf = new byte[(int) len];
b64.setInitialBuffer(buf, 0, buf.length);
b64.decode(base64Data, 0, base64Data.length);
b64.decode(base64Data, 0, -1); // Notify decoder of EOF.
// We have no idea what the line-length was, so we
// cannot know how much of our array wasn't used.
byte[] result = new byte[b64.pos];
b64.readResults(result, 0, result.length);
return result;
}
/**
* Check if a byte value is whitespace or not.
*
* @param byteToCheck the byte to check
* @return true if byte is whitespace, false otherwise
*/
private static boolean isWhiteSpace(byte byteToCheck){
switch (byteToCheck) {
case ' ' :
case '\n' :
case '\r' :
case '\t' :
return true;
default :
return false;
}
}
/**
* Discards any characters outside of the base64 alphabet, per the requirements on page 25 of RFC 2045 - "Any
* characters outside of the base64 alphabet are to be ignored in base64 encoded data."
*
* @param data
* The base-64 encoded data to groom
* @return The data, less non-base64 characters (see RFC 2045).
*/
static byte[] discardNonBase64(byte[] data) {
byte groomedData[] = new byte[data.length];
int bytesCopied = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
if (isBase64(data[i])) {
groomedData[bytesCopied++] = data[i];
}
}
byte packedData[] = new byte[bytesCopied];
System.arraycopy(groomedData, 0, packedData, 0, bytesCopied);
return packedData;
}
// Implementation of the Encoder Interface
/**
* Encodes a byte[] containing binary data, into a byte[] containing characters in the Base64 alphabet.
*
* @param pArray
* a byte array containing binary data
* @return A byte array containing only Base64 character data
*/
public byte[] encode(byte[] pArray) {
return encodeBase64(pArray, false);
}
// Implementation of integer encoding used for crypto
/**
* Decode a byte64-encoded integer according to crypto
* standards such as W3C's XML-Signature
*
* @param pArray a byte array containing base64 character data
* @return A BigInteger
*/
public static BigInteger decodeInteger(byte[] pArray) {
return new BigInteger(1, decodeBase64(pArray));
}
/**
* Encode to a byte64-encoded integer according to crypto
* standards such as W3C's XML-Signature
*
* @param bigInt a BigInteger
* @return A byte array containing base64 character data
* @throws NullPointerException if null is passed in
*/
public static byte[] encodeInteger(BigInteger bigInt) {
if(bigInt == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("encodeInteger called with null parameter");
}
return encodeBase64(toIntegerBytes(bigInt), false);
}
/**
* Returns a byte-array representation of a BigInteger
* without sign bit.
*
* @param bigInt BigInteger to be converted
* @return a byte array representation of the BigInteger parameter
*/
static byte[] toIntegerBytes(BigInteger bigInt) {
int bitlen = bigInt.bitLength();
// round bitlen
bitlen = ((bitlen + 7) >> 3) << 3;
byte[] bigBytes = bigInt.toByteArray();
if(((bigInt.bitLength() % 8) != 0) &&
(((bigInt.bitLength() / 8) + 1) == (bitlen / 8))) {
return bigBytes;
}
// set up params for copying everything but sign bit
int startSrc = 0;
int len = bigBytes.length;
// if bigInt is exactly byte-aligned, just skip signbit in copy
if((bigInt.bitLength() % 8) == 0) {
startSrc = 1;
len--;
}
int startDst = bitlen / 8 - len; // to pad w/ nulls as per spec
byte[] resizedBytes = new byte[bitlen / 8];
System.arraycopy(bigBytes, startSrc, resizedBytes, startDst, len);
return resizedBytes;
}
}