scalaz.Liskov.scala Maven / Gradle / Ivy
package scalaz
/**
* Liskov substitutability: A better `<:<`
*
* `A <: B` holds whenever `A` could be used in any negative context that expects a `B`.
* (e.g. if you could pass an `A` into any function that expects a `B`.)
*/
sealed abstract class Liskov[-A, +B] {
def apply(a: A): B = Liskov.witness(this)(a)
def subst[F[-_]](p: F[B]): F[A]
final def *[+[+_, +_], C, D](that: Liskov[C, D]): Liskov[A + C, B + D] = Liskov.lift2(this, that)
final def andThen[C](that: Liskov[B, C]): Liskov[A, C] = Liskov.trans(that, this)
final def compose[C](that: Liskov[C, A]): Liskov[C, B] = Liskov.trans(this, that)
def onF[X](fa: X => A): X => B = Liskov.co2_2[Function1, B, X, A](this)(fa)
}
sealed abstract class LiskovInstances {
import Liskov._
/**Subtyping forms a category */
implicit val liskov: Category[<~<] = new Category[<~<] {
def id[A]: (A <~< A) = refl[A]
def compose[A, B, C](bc: B <~< C, ab: A <~< B): (A <~< C) = trans(bc, ab)
}
}
object Liskov extends LiskovInstances {
/**A convenient type alias for Liskov */
type <~<[-A, +B] = Liskov[A, B]
/**A flipped alias, for those used to their arrows running left to right */
type >~>[+B, -A] = Liskov[A, B]
/**Lift Scala's subtyping relationship */
implicit def isa[A, B >: A]: A <~< B = new (A <~< B) {
def subst[F[-_]](p: F[B]): F[A] = p
}
/**We can witness equality by using it to convert between types */
implicit def witness[A, B](lt: A <~< B): A => B = {
type f[-X] = X => B
lt.subst[f](identity)
}
/**Subtyping is reflexive */
implicit def refl[A]: (A <~< A) = new (A <~< A) {
def subst[F[-_]](p: F[A]): F[A] = p
}
/**Subtyping is transitive */
def trans[A, B, C](f: B <~< C, g: A <~< B): A <~< C =
g.subst[λ[`-α` => α <~< C]](f)
/**We can lift subtyping into any covariant type constructor */
def co[T[+_], A, A2](a: A <~< A2): (T[A] <~< T[A2]) =
a.subst[λ[`-α` => T[α] <~< T[A2]]](refl)
def co2[T[+_, _], Z, A, B](a: A <~< Z): T[A, B] <~< T[Z, B] =
a.subst[λ[`-α` => T[α, B] <~< T[Z, B]]](refl)
def co2_2[T[_, +_], Z, A, B](a: B <~< Z): T[A, B] <~< T[A, Z] =
a.subst[λ[`-α` => T[A, α] <~< T[A, Z]]](refl)
def co3[T[+_, _, _], Z, A, B, C](a: A <~< Z): T[A, B, C] <~< T[Z, B, C] =
a.subst[λ[`-α` => T[α, B, C] <~< T[Z, B, C]]](refl)
def co4[T[+_, _, _, _], Z, A, B, C, D](a: A <~< Z): T[A, B, C, D] <~< T[Z, B, C, D] =
a.subst[λ[`-α` => T[α, B, C, D] <~< T[Z, B, C, D]]](refl)
/**lift2(a,b) = co1_2(a) compose co2_2(b) */
def lift2[T[+_, +_], A, A2, B, B2](
a: A <~< A2,
b: B <~< B2
): (T[A, B] <~< T[A2, B2]) = {
type a[-X] = T[X, B2] <~< T[A2, B2]
type b[-X] = T[A, X] <~< T[A2, B2]
b.subst[b](a.subst[a](refl))
}
/**lift3(a,b,c) = co1_3(a) compose co2_3(b) compose co3_3(c) */
def lift3[T[+_, +_, +_], A, A2, B, B2, C, C2](
a: A <~< A2,
b: B <~< B2,
c: C <~< C2
): (T[A, B, C] <~< T[A2, B2, C2]) = {
type a[-X] = T[X, B2, C2] <~< T[A2, B2, C2]
type b[-X] = T[A, X, C2] <~< T[A2, B2, C2]
type c[-X] = T[A, B, X] <~< T[A2, B2, C2]
c.subst[c](b.subst[b](a.subst[a](refl)))
}
/**lift4(a,b,c,d) = co1_3(a) compose co2_3(b) compose co3_3(c) compose co4_4(d) */
def lift4[T[+_, +_, +_, +_], A, A2, B, B2, C, C2, D, D2](
a: A <~< A2,
b: B <~< B2,
c: C <~< C2,
d: D <~< D2
): (T[A, B, C, D] <~< T[A2, B2, C2, D2]) = {
type a[-X] = T[X, B2, C2, D2] <~< T[A2, B2, C2, D2]
type b[-X] = T[A, X, C2, D2] <~< T[A2, B2, C2, D2]
type c[-X] = T[A, B, X, D2] <~< T[A2, B2, C2, D2]
type d[-X] = T[A, B, C, X] <~< T[A2, B2, C2, D2]
d.subst[d](c.subst[c](b.subst[b](a.subst[a](refl))))
}
/**We can lift subtyping into any contravariant type constructor */
def contra[T[-_], A, A2](a: A <~< A2): (T[A2] <~< T[A]) =
a.subst[λ[`-α` => T[A2] <~< T[α]]](refl)
// binary
def contra1_2[T[-_, _], Z, A, B](a: A <~< Z): (T[Z, B] <~< T[A, B]) =
a.subst[λ[`-α` => T[Z, B] <~< T[α, B]]](refl)
def contra2_2[T[_, -_], Z, A, B](a: B <~< Z): (T[A, Z] <~< T[A, B]) =
a.subst[λ[`-α` => T[A, Z] <~< T[A, α]]](refl)
// ternary
def contra1_3[T[-_, _, _], Z, A, B, C](a: A <~< Z): (T[Z, B, C] <~< T[A, B, C]) =
a.subst[λ[`-α` => T[Z, B, C] <~< T[α, B, C]]](refl)
def contra2_3[T[_, -_, _], Z, A, B, C](a: B <~< Z): (T[A, Z, C] <~< T[A, B, C]) =
a.subst[λ[`-α` => T[A, Z, C] <~< T[A, α, C]]](refl)
def contra3_3[T[_, _, -_], Z, A, B, C](a: C <~< Z): (T[A, B, Z] <~< T[A, B, C]) =
a.subst[λ[`-α` => T[A, B, Z] <~< T[A, B, α]]](refl)
def contra1_4[T[-_, _, _, _], Z, A, B, C, D](a: A <~< Z): (T[Z, B, C, D] <~< T[A, B, C, D]) =
a.subst[λ[`-α` => T[Z, B, C, D] <~< T[α, B, C, D]]](refl)
def contra2_4[T[_, -_, _, _], Z, A, B, C, D](a: B <~< Z): (T[A, Z, C, D] <~< T[A, B, C, D]) =
a.subst[λ[`-α` => T[A, Z, C, D] <~< T[A, α, C, D]]](refl)
def contra3_4[T[_, _, -_, _], Z, A, B, C, D](a: C <~< Z): (T[A, B, Z, D] <~< T[A, B, C, D]) =
a.subst[λ[`-α` => T[A, B, Z, D] <~< T[A, B, α, D]]](refl)
def contra4_4[T[_, _, _, -_], Z, A, B, C, D](a: D <~< Z): (T[A, B, C, Z] <~< T[A, B, C, D]) =
a.subst[λ[`-α` => T[A, B, C, Z] <~< T[A, B, C, α]]](refl)
/**Lift subtyping into a Function1-like type
* liftF1(a,r) = contra1_2(a) compose co2_2(b)
*/
def liftF1[F[-_, +_], A, A2, R, R2](
a: A <~< A2,
r: R <~< R2
): (F[A2, R] <~< F[A, R2]) = {
type a[-X] = F[A2, R2] <~< F[X, R2]
type r[-X] = F[A2, X] <~< F[A, R2]
r.subst[r](a.subst[a](refl))
}
/**Lift subtyping into a function
* liftF2(a,b,r) = contra1_3(a) compose contra2_3(b) compose co3_3(c)
*/
def liftF2[F[-_, -_, +_], A, A2, B, B2, R, R2](
a: A <~< A2,
b: B <~< B2,
r: R <~< R2
): (F[A2, B2, R] <~< F[A, B, R2]) = {
type a[-X] = F[A2, B2, R2] <~< F[X, B2, R2]
type b[-X] = F[A2, B2, R2] <~< F[A, X, R2]
type r[-X] = F[A2, B2, X] <~< F[A, B, R2]
r.subst[r](b.subst[b](a.subst[a](refl)))
}
/**Lift subtyping into a function
* liftF3(a,b,c,r) = contra1_4(a) compose contra2_4(b) compose contra3_4(c) compose co3_4(d)
*/
def liftF3[F[-_, -_, -_, +_], A, A2, B, B2, C, C2, R, R2](
a: A <~< A2,
b: B <~< B2,
c: C <~< C2,
r: R <~< R2
): (F[A2, B2, C2, R] <~< F[A, B, C, R2]) = {
type a[-X] = F[A2, B2, C2, R2] <~< F[X, B2, C2, R2]
type b[-X] = F[A2, B2, C2, R2] <~< F[A, X, C2, R2]
type c[-X] = F[A2, B2, C2, R2] <~< F[A, B, X, R2]
type r[-X] = F[A2, B2, C2, X] <~< F[A, B, C, R2]
r.subst[r](c.subst[c](b.subst[b](a.subst[a](refl))))
}
/**Lift subtyping into a function */
def liftF4[F[-_, -_, -_, -_, +_], A, A2, B, B2, C, C2, D, D2, R, R2](
a: A <~< A2,
b: B <~< B2,
c: C <~< C2,
d: D <~< D2,
r: R <~< R2
): (F[A2, B2, C2, D2, R] <~< F[A, B, C, D, R2]) = {
type a[-X] = F[A2, B2, C2, D2, R2] <~< F[X, B2, C2, D2, R2]
type b[-X] = F[A2, B2, C2, D2, R2] <~< F[A, X, C2, D2, R2]
type c[-X] = F[A2, B2, C2, D2, R2] <~< F[A, B, X, D2, R2]
type d[-X] = F[A2, B2, C2, D2, R2] <~< F[A, B, C, X, R2]
type r[-X] = F[A2, B2, C2, D2, X] <~< F[A, B, C, D, R2]
r.subst[r](d.subst[d](c.subst[c](b.subst[b](a.subst[a](refl)))))
}
/**If A <: B and B :> A then A = B
def bracket[A,B](
ab : A <~< B,
ba : A >~> B
): Leibniz[A,B] = Leibniz.force[A,B]
*/
/**Unsafely force a claim that A is a subtype of B */
def force[A, B]: A <~< B =
new (A <~< B) {
def subst[F[-_]](p: F[B]): F[A] = p.asInstanceOf[F[A]]
}
def unco[F[_] : Injective, Z, A](
a: F[A] <~< F[Z]
): (A <~< Z) = force[A, Z]
def unco2_1[F[+_, _] : Injective2, Z, A, B](
a: F[A, B] <~< F[Z, B]
): (A <~< Z) = force[A, Z]
def unco2_2[F[_, +_] : Injective2, Z, A, B](
a: F[A, B] <~< F[A, Z]
): (B <~< Z) = force[B, Z]
def uncontra[F[-_] : Injective, Z, A](
a: F[A] <~< F[Z]
): (Z <~< A) = force[Z, A]
def uncontra2_1[F[-_, _] : Injective2, Z, A, B](
a: F[A, B] <~< F[Z, B]
): (Z <~< A) = force[Z, A]
def uncontra2_2[F[_, -_] : Injective2, Z, A, B](
a: F[A, B] <~< F[A, Z]
): (Z <~< B) = force[Z, B]
}
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