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package scalaz

////
/**
 * An [[scalaz.Apply]] functor, where a lifted function can introduce
 * new values _and_ new functor context to be incorporated into the
 * lift context.  The essential new operation of [[scalaz.Monad]]s.
 *
 * @see [[scalaz.Bind.BindLaw]]
 */
////
trait Bind[F[_]] extends Apply[F] { self =>
  ////

  /** Equivalent to `join(map(fa)(f))`. */
  def bind[A, B](fa: F[A])(f: A => F[B]): F[B]

  // Derived combinators with big consequences:
  //
  // - ap must be sequential, f first then fa.
  // - apply2 must be sequential, fa first then fb.
  //
  // These are why IO is not parallel by default, by design.
  override def ap[A, B](fa: => F[A])(f: => F[A => B]): F[B] = {
    val fa0 = Need(fa)
    bind(f)(x => map(fa0.value)(x))
  }
  override def apply2[A, B, C](fa: => F[A], fb: => F[B])(f: (A, B) => C): F[C] = {
    val fb0 = Need(fb)
    bind(fa)(a => map(fb0.value)(b => f(a, b)))
  }

  /** Sequence the inner `F` of `FFA` after the outer `F`, forming a
   * single `F[A]`. */
  def join[A](ffa: F[F[A]]): F[A] = bind(ffa)(a => a)

  // derived functions

  /**
   * `if` lifted into a binding.  Unlike `lift3((t,c,a)=>if(t)c else
   * a)`, this will only include context from the chosen of `ifTrue`
   * and `ifFalse`, not the other.
   */
  def ifM[B](value: F[Boolean], ifTrue: => F[B], ifFalse: => F[B]): F[B] = {
    val t = Need(ifTrue)
    val f = Need(ifFalse)
    bind(value)(if(_) t.value else f.value)
  }

  /** Pair `A` with the result of function application. */
  def mproduct[A, B](fa: F[A])(f: A => F[B]): F[(A, B)] =
    bind(fa)(a => map(f(a))((a, _)))

  /**The product of Bind `F` and `G`, `[x](F[x], G[x]])`, is a Bind */
  def product[G[_]](implicit G0: Bind[G]): Bind[λ[α => (F[α], G[α])]] =
    new ProductBind[F, G] {
      def F = self
      def G = G0
    }

  trait BindLaw extends ApplyLaw {
    /**
     * As with semigroups, monadic effects only change when their
     * order is changed, not when the order in which they're
     * combined changes.
     */
    def associativeBind[A, B, C](fa: F[A], f: A => F[B], g: B => F[C])(implicit FC: Equal[F[C]]): Boolean =
      FC.equal(bind(bind(fa)(f))(g), bind(fa)((a: A) => bind(f(a))(g)))

    /** `ap` is consistent with `bind`. */
    def apLikeDerived[A, B](fa: F[A], f: F[A => B])(implicit FB: Equal[F[B]]): Boolean =
      FB.equal(ap(fa)(f), bind(f)(f => map(fa)(f)))
  }
  def bindLaw: BindLaw = new BindLaw {}

  ////
  val bindSyntax: scalaz.syntax.BindSyntax[F] =
    new scalaz.syntax.BindSyntax[F] { def F = Bind.this }
}

object Bind {
  @inline def apply[F[_]](implicit F: Bind[F]): Bind[F] = F

  import Isomorphism._

  def fromIso[F[_], G[_]](D: F <~> G)(implicit E: Bind[G]): Bind[F] =
    new IsomorphismBind[F, G] {
      override def G: Bind[G] = E
      override def iso: F <~> G = D
    }

  ////

  implicit def idInstance: Bind[Id.Id] = Id.id

  ////
}

trait IsomorphismBind[F[_], G[_]] extends Bind[F] with IsomorphismApply[F, G]{
  implicit def G: Bind[G]
  ////

  override def bind[A, B](fa: F[A])(f: A => F[B]): F[B] =
    iso.from(G.bind(iso.to(fa))(f.andThen(iso.to.apply)))
  ////
}