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/*
 * Copyright 2019 Scanamo
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.scanamo

import cats.Parallel
import cats.kernel.Monoid
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.dynamodb.model.AttributeValue
import java.util.{ HashMap, Map => JMap }
import cats.syntax.apply._
import cats.syntax.semigroup._
import scala.annotation.tailrec

/** A `DynamoObject` is a map of strings to values that can be embedded into an `AttributeValue`.
  */
sealed abstract class DynamoObject extends Product with Serializable { self =>
  import DynamoObject._

  protected def internalToMap: Map[String, DynamoValue]

  /** Gets the value mapped to `key` if it exists
    */
  final def apply(key: String): Option[DynamoValue] =
    self match {
      case Empty          => None
      case Strict(xs)     => val x = xs.get(key); if (x eq null) None else Some(DynamoValue.fromAttributeValue(x))
      case Pure(xs)       => xs.get(key)
      case Concat(xs, ys) => xs(key) orElse ys(key)
    }

  final def get[A: DynamoFormat](key: String): Either[DynamoReadError, A] =
    apply(key).getOrElse(DynamoValue.nil).as[A]

  /** Gets the size of the map
    */
  final def size: Int =
    self match {
      case Empty          => 0
      case Strict(xs)     => xs.size
      case Pure(xs)       => xs.size
      case Concat(xs, ys) => xs.size + ys.size
    }

  /** Checks if the map is empty
    */
  final def isEmpty: Boolean =
    self match {
      case Empty => true
      case _     => false
    }

  /** Chekcs if the map is not empty
    */
  final def nonEmpty: Boolean = !isEmpty

  /** Checks if the map contains a certain `key`
    */
  final def contains(key: String): Boolean =
    self match {
      case Empty          => false
      case Strict(xs)     => xs.containsKey(key)
      case Pure(xs)       => xs.contains(key)
      case Concat(xs, ys) => xs.contains(key) || ys.contains(key)
    }

  /** Gets the list of keys in the map
    */
  final def keys: Iterable[String] =
    self match {
      case Empty => Iterable.empty[String]
      case Strict(xs) =>
        new Iterable[String] {
          final val iterator = new Iterator[String] {
            private[this] val underlying = xs.keySet.iterator
            final def hasNext = underlying.hasNext
            final def next() = underlying.next
          }
        }
      case Pure(xs)       => xs.keys
      case Concat(xs, ys) => xs.keys ++ ys.keys
    }

  /** Gets the list of values in the map
    */
  final def values: Iterable[DynamoValue] =
    self match {
      case Empty => Iterable.empty[DynamoValue]
      case Strict(xs) =>
        new Iterable[DynamoValue] {
          final val iterator = new Iterator[DynamoValue] {
            private[this] val underlying = xs.values.iterator
            final def hasNext = underlying.hasNext
            final def next() = DynamoValue.fromAttributeValue(underlying.next)
          }
        }
      case Pure(xs)       => xs.values
      case Concat(xs, ys) => xs.values ++ ys.values
    }

  /** Transforms the map by assigning values to new keys
    */
  final def mapKeys(f: String => String): DynamoObject =
    self match {
      case Empty          => Empty
      case Strict(xs)     => Pure(unsafeToScalaMap(xs).map { case (k, v) => f(k) -> DynamoValue.fromAttributeValue(v) })
      case Pure(xs)       => Pure(xs.map { case (k, v) => f(k) -> v })
      case Concat(xs, ys) => Concat(xs.mapKeys(f), ys.mapKeys(f))
    }

  // TODO: find a better name
  // TODO: mark as private?
  final def toJavaMap: JMap[String, AttributeValue] =
    self match {
      case Empty          => unsafeToJavaMap(Map.empty)
      case Strict(xs)     => xs
      case Pure(xs)       => unsafeToJavaMap(xs.mapValues(_.toAttributeValue).toMap)
      case Concat(xs, ys) => unsafeMerge(xs.toJavaMap, ys.toJavaMap)
    }

  /** Make a value out of this map
    */
  final def toDynamoValue: DynamoValue = DynamoValue.fromDynamoObject(self)

  /** Make an AWS SDK value out of this map
    */
  final def toAttributeValue: AttributeValue = AttributeValue.builder.m(toJavaMap).build

  /** Builds a [[scala.collection.Map]] if this map is made entirely of values of type `V`
    */
  final def toMap[V](implicit D: DynamoFormat[V]): Either[DynamoReadError, Map[String, V]] =
    self match {
      case Empty => Right(Map.empty)
      case Strict(xs) =>
        xs.entrySet.stream.reduce[Either[DynamoReadError, Map[String, V]]](
          Right(Map.empty),
          (xs0, e) => (xs0, D.read(e.getValue)).mapN((xs, x) => xs + (e.getKey -> x)),
          (xs0, ys0) => (xs0, ys0).mapN(_ ++ _)
        )
      case Pure(xs) =>
        xs.foldLeft[Either[DynamoReadError, Map[String, V]]](Right(Map.empty)) {
          case (e @ Left(_), _)   => e
          case (Right(m), (k, x)) => D.read(x).right.map(x => m + (k -> x))
        }
      case Concat(xs0, ys0) => (xs0.toMap, ys0.toMap).mapN(_ ++ _)
    }

  /** Builds a map where the keys are transformed to match the convention for expression attribute values in DynamoDB
    * operations See
    * [[https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/Expressions.ExpressionAttributeValues.html]]
    */
  final def toExpressionAttributeValues: Option[JMap[String, AttributeValue]] =
    self match {
      case Empty => None
      case Strict(xs) =>
        Some(
          unsafeTransform(m =>
            xs.entrySet.stream.forEach { x =>
              m.put(":" ++ x.getKey, x.getValue); ()
            }
          )
        )
      case Pure(xs) => Some(unsafeTransform(m => xs foreach { case (k, x) => m.put(":" ++ k, x.toAttributeValue) }))
      case Concat(xs, ys) =>
        (xs.toExpressionAttributeValues, ys.toExpressionAttributeValues).mapN(unsafeMerge)
    }

  /** Add an entry to the map or overwrites the existing value if there
    */
  final def add(key: String, value: DynamoValue): DynamoObject =
    self match {
      case Empty                            => Pure(Map(key -> value))
      case xs: Strict                       => Concat(singleton(key, value), xs)
      case Pure(xs)                         => Pure(xs + (key -> value))
      case o @ Concat(Strict(_), Strict(_)) => Concat(singleton(key, value), o)
      case Concat(Strict(xs), ys)           => Concat(Strict(xs), ys.add(key, value))
      case Concat(xs, Strict(ys))           => Concat(xs.add(key, value), Strict(ys))
      case Concat(xs, ys)                   => Concat(xs.add(key, value), ys)
    }

  /** Remove an entry from the map if there
    */
  final def remove(key: String): DynamoObject =
    self match {
      case Empty      => Empty
      case Strict(xs) => Pure((unsafeToScalaMap(xs) - key).mapValues(DynamoValue.fromAttributeValue).toMap)
      case Pure(xs)   => Pure(xs - key)
      case Concat(xs, ys) if xs.contains(key) => Concat(xs.remove(key), ys)
      case Concat(xs, ys)                     => Concat(xs, ys.remove(key))
    }

  /** Operator alias for `add`
    */
  final def +(x: (String, DynamoValue)): DynamoObject = self.add(x._1, x._2)

  /** Operator alias for `remove`
    */
  final def -(key: String): DynamoObject = self remove key

  /** Concatenates two maps
    */
  final def concat(that: DynamoObject): DynamoObject =
    if (self.isEmpty) that
    else if (that.isEmpty) self
    else Concat(self, that)

  /** Operator alias for `concat`
    */
  final def <>(that: DynamoObject): DynamoObject = self concat that

  /** Traverse the object in parallel fashion and build up monoidal structure
    */
  final def parTraverse[F[_]: Parallel, M: Monoid](f: DynamoValue => F[M]): F[M] =
    parTraverseWith(f)(Monoid[M].empty)(_ |+| _)

  /** Traverse the object in parallel foshiono and build up a result out of each value
    */
  final def parTraverseWith[F[_]: Parallel, M](f: DynamoValue => F[M])(z: M)(c: (M, M) => M): F[M] =
    parTraverseWithKey((_, dv) => f(dv))(z)(c)

  /** Traverse the object in parallel fashion and build up a result out of each value and its label
    */
  final def parTraverseWithKey[F[_], M](
    f: (String, DynamoValue) => F[M]
  )(z: M)(c: (M, M) => M)(implicit F: Parallel[F]): F[M] = {
    @tailrec def parTraverseWithKey_(xs: List[DynamoObject], r: F.F[M]): F.F[M] =
      xs match {
        case Nil =>
          r
        case Empty :: xs =>
          parTraverseWithKey_(xs, r)
        case Strict(ys) :: xs =>
          val r2 = ys.entrySet.stream.reduce[F.F[M]](
            r,
            (fm: F.F[M], kv: JMap.Entry[String, AttributeValue]) =>
              F.apply.map2(fm, F.parallel(f(kv.getKey, DynamoValue.fromAttributeValue(kv.getValue))))(c),
            (x: F.F[M], y: F.F[M]) => F.apply.map2(x, y)(c)
          )
          parTraverseWithKey_(xs, r2)
        case Pure(ys) :: xs =>
          val r2 = ys.foldLeft(r) { case (fm, (k, dv)) =>
            F.apply.map2(fm, F.parallel(f(k, dv)))(c)
          }
          parTraverseWithKey_(xs, r2)
        case Concat(ys1, ys2) :: xs =>
          parTraverseWithKey_(ys1 :: ys2 :: xs, r)
      }

    F.sequential(parTraverseWithKey_(List(self), F.applicative.pure(z)))
  }

  /** Traverse the object into a monoidal structure
    */
  final def traverse[M: Monoid](f: DynamoValue => M): M =
    traverseWith(f)(Monoid[M].empty)(_ |+| _)

  /** Traverse the object and build up a result out of each value
    */
  final def traverseWith[M](f: DynamoValue => M)(z: M)(c: (M, M) => M): M =
    traverseWithKey((_, dv) => f(dv))(z)(c)

  /** Traverse the object and build up a result out of each value and its label
    */
  final def traverseWithKey[M](f: (String, DynamoValue) => M)(z: M)(c: (M, M) => M): M = {
    @tailrec def traverseWithKey_(xs: List[DynamoObject], r: M): M =
      xs match {
        case Nil         => r
        case Empty :: xs => traverseWithKey_(xs, r)
        case Strict(ys) :: xs =>
          val r2 = ys.entrySet.stream.reduce[M](
            r,
            (m, kv) => c(m, f(kv.getKey, DynamoValue.fromAttributeValue(kv.getValue))),
            (x, y) => c(x, y)
          )
          traverseWithKey_(xs, r2)
        case Pure(ys) :: xs =>
          val r2 = ys.foldLeft(z) { case (m, (k, dv)) => c(m, f(k, dv)) }
          traverseWithKey_(xs, r2)
        case Concat(ys1, ys2) :: xs =>
          traverseWithKey_(ys1 :: ys2 :: xs, r)
      }

    traverseWithKey_(List(self), z)
  }

  final override def equals(that: Any): Boolean =
    that.isInstanceOf[DynamoObject] && (internalToMap == that.asInstanceOf[DynamoObject].internalToMap)

  final override def hashCode(): Int = internalToMap.hashCode
}

object DynamoObject {
  private[DynamoObject] case object Empty extends DynamoObject {
    final def internalToMap = Map.empty
  }
  final private[DynamoObject] case class Strict(xs: JMap[String, AttributeValue]) extends DynamoObject {
    final def internalToMap = unsafeToScalaMap(xs).mapValues(DynamoValue.fromAttributeValue).toMap
  }
  final private[DynamoObject] case class Pure(xs: Map[String, DynamoValue]) extends DynamoObject {
    final def internalToMap = xs
  }
  final private[DynamoObject] case class Concat(xs: DynamoObject, ys: DynamoObject) extends DynamoObject {
    final def internalToMap = xs.internalToMap ++ ys.internalToMap
  }

  /** Builds a map from a Java Map of attribute values
    */
  def apply(xs: JMap[String, AttributeValue]): DynamoObject = if (xs.isEmpty) Empty else Strict(xs)

  /** Builds a map from an arbitrary number of `(String, DynamoValue)` pairs
    */
  def apply(xs: (String, DynamoValue)*): DynamoObject = apply(xs.toMap)

  /** Builds a map from a [[scala.collection.Map]] of values
    */
  def apply(xs: Map[String, DynamoValue]): DynamoObject = if (xs.isEmpty) Empty else Pure(xs)

  /** Builds a map from an arbitrary number of `(String, A)` pairs for any `A` that can be turned into a value
    */
  def apply[A](xs: (String, A)*)(implicit D: DynamoFormat[A]): DynamoObject =
    apply(xs.foldLeft(Map.empty[String, DynamoValue]) { case (m, (k, x)) => m + (k -> D.write(x)) })

  /** The empty map
    */
  val empty: DynamoObject = Empty

  /** Builds a singleton map
    */
  def singleton(key: String, x: DynamoValue): DynamoObject = Pure(Map(key -> x))

  /** Builds a map from an iterable collection of `(String, DynamoValue)` pairs
    */
  def fromIterable(xs: Iterable[(String, DynamoValue)]): DynamoObject = apply(xs.toMap)

  private[DynamoObject] def unsafeToJavaMap(m: Map[String, AttributeValue]): JMap[String, AttributeValue] = {
    val n = new HashMap[String, AttributeValue](m.size, 1)
    m foreach { case (k, x) => n.put(k, x) }
    n
  }

  private[DynamoObject] def unsafeToScalaMap(m: JMap[String, AttributeValue]): Map[String, AttributeValue] = {
    val builder = Map.newBuilder[String, AttributeValue]
    builder.sizeHint(m.size)
    val iterator = m.entrySet.iterator
    while (iterator.hasNext) {
      val e = iterator.next
      builder += e.getKey -> e.getValue
    }
    builder.result()
  }

  private[DynamoObject] def unsafeTransform(f: JMap[String, AttributeValue] => Unit): JMap[String, AttributeValue] = {
    val m = new java.util.HashMap[String, AttributeValue]
    f(m)
    m
  }

  private[DynamoObject] def unsafeMerge[K, V](xs: JMap[K, V], ys: JMap[K, V]): JMap[K, V] = {
    val m = new java.util.HashMap[K, V](xs.size + ys.size)
    m.putAll(xs)
    m.putAll(ys)
    m
  }
}




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