org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor Maven / Gradle / Ivy
Show all versions of selenium-api Show documentation
// Licensed to the Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) under one
// or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership. The SFC licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.
package org.openqa.selenium;
/**
* Indicates that a driver can execute JavaScript, providing access to the mechanism to do so.
*
*
* Because of cross domain policies browsers enforce your script execution may fail unexpectedly
* and without adequate error messaging. This is particularly pertinent when creating your own
* XHR request or when trying to access another frame. Most times when troubleshooting failure it's
* best to view the browser's console after executing the WebDriver request.
*/
public interface JavascriptExecutor {
/**
* Executes JavaScript in the context of the currently selected frame or window. The script
* fragment provided will be executed as the body of an anonymous function.
*
*
* Within the script, use document to refer to the current document. Note that local
* variables will not be available once the script has finished executing, though global variables
* will persist.
*
*
* If the script has a return value (i.e. if the script contains a return statement),
* then the following steps will be taken:
*
*
* - For an HTML element, this method returns a WebElement
* - For a decimal, a Double is returned
* - For a non-decimal number, a Long is returned
* - For a boolean, a Boolean is returned
* - For all other cases, a String is returned.
* - For an array, return a List<Object> with each object following the rules above. We
* support nested lists.
* - For a map, return a Map<String, Object> with values following the rules above.
* - Unless the value is null or there is no return value, in which null is returned
*
*
*
* Arguments must be a number, a boolean, a String, WebElement, or a List of any combination of
* the above. An exception will be thrown if the arguments do not meet these criteria. The
* arguments will be made available to the JavaScript via the "arguments" magic variable, as if
* the function were called via "Function.apply"
*
* @param script The JavaScript to execute
* @param args The arguments to the script. May be empty
* @return One of Boolean, Long, Double, String, List, Map or WebElement. Or null.
*/
Object executeScript(String script, Object... args);
/**
* Execute an asynchronous piece of JavaScript in the context of the currently selected frame or
* window. Unlike executing {@link #executeScript(String, Object...) synchronous JavaScript},
* scripts executed with this method must explicitly signal they are finished by invoking the
* provided callback. This callback is always injected into the executed function as the last
* argument.
*
*
* The first argument passed to the callback function will be used as the script's result. This
* value will be handled as follows:
*
*
* - For an HTML element, this method returns a WebElement
* - For a number, a Long is returned
* - For a boolean, a Boolean is returned
* - For all other cases, a String is returned.
* - For an array, return a List<Object> with each object following the rules above. We
* support nested lists.
* - For a map, return a Map<String, Object> with values following the rules above.
* - Unless the value is null or there is no return value, in which null is returned
*
*
*
* The default timeout for a script to be executed is 0ms. In most cases, including the examples
* below, one must set the script timeout
* {@link WebDriver.Timeouts#setScriptTimeout(long, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit)} beforehand
* to a value sufficiently large enough.
*
*
*
* Example #1: Performing a sleep in the browser under test.
{@code
* long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
* ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeAsyncScript(
* "window.setTimeout(arguments[arguments.length - 1], 500);");
* System.out.println(
* "Elapsed time: " + System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
* }
*
*
* Example #2: Synchronizing a test with an AJAX application:
{@code
* WebElement composeButton = driver.findElement(By.id("compose-button"));
* composeButton.click();
* ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeAsyncScript(
* "var callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1];" +
* "mailClient.getComposeWindowWidget().onload(callback);");
* driver.switchTo().frame("composeWidget");
* driver.findElement(By.id("to")).sendKeys("[email protected]");
* }
*
*
* Example #3: Injecting a XMLHttpRequest and waiting for the result:
{@code
* Object response = ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeAsyncScript(
* "var callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1];" +
* "var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();" +
* "xhr.open('GET', '/resource/data.json', true);" +
* "xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {" +
* " if (xhr.readyState == 4) {" +
* " callback(xhr.responseText);" +
* " }" +
* "};" +
* "xhr.send();");
* JsonObject json = new JsonParser().parse((String) response);
* assertEquals("cheese", json.get("food").getAsString());
* }
*
*
* Script arguments must be a number, a boolean, a String, WebElement, or a List of any
* combination of the above. An exception will be thrown if the arguments do not meet these
* criteria. The arguments will be made available to the JavaScript via the "arguments"
* variable.
*
*
* @param script The JavaScript to execute.
* @param args The arguments to the script. May be empty.
* @return One of Boolean, Long, String, List, Map, WebElement, or null.
* @see WebDriver.Timeouts#setScriptTimeout(long, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit)
*/
Object executeAsyncScript(String script, Object... args);
}