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/**
* Copyright 2012 Emmanuel Bourg
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package net.jsign.pe;
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.nio.channels.SeekableByteChannel;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import net.jsign.DigestAlgorithm;
import net.jsign.asn1.authenticode.AuthenticodeObjectIdentifiers;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1Encodable;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.cms.Attribute;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.cms.AttributeTable;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.cms.ContentInfo;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.pkcs.PKCSObjectIdentifiers;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.x509.X509ObjectIdentifiers;
import org.bouncycastle.cert.X509CertificateHolder;
import org.bouncycastle.cms.CMSProcessable;
import org.bouncycastle.cms.CMSSignedData;
import org.bouncycastle.cms.SignerInformation;
/**
* Portable Executable File.
*
* This class is thread safe.
*
* @see Microsoft PE and COFF Specification
*
* @author Emmanuel Bourg
* @since 1.0
*/
public class PEFile implements Closeable {
/** The position of the PE header in the file */
private final long peHeaderOffset;
private File file;
final SeekableByteChannel channel;
/** Reusable buffer for reading bytes, words, dwords and qwords from the file */
private final ByteBuffer valueBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8);
{
valueBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
}
/**
* Create a PEFile from the specified file.
*
* @param file
* @throws IOException
*/
public PEFile(File file) throws IOException {
this(Files.newByteChannel(file.toPath(), StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.WRITE));
this.file = file;
}
/**
* Create a PEFile from the specified channel.
*
* @since 2.0
*/
public PEFile(SeekableByteChannel channel) throws IOException {
this.channel = channel;
try {
// DOS Header
read(0, 0, 2);
if (valueBuffer.get() != 'M' || valueBuffer.get() != 'Z') {
throw new IOException("DOS header signature not found");
}
// PE Header
read(0x3C, 0, 4);
peHeaderOffset = valueBuffer.getInt() & 0xFFFFFFFFL;
read(peHeaderOffset, 0, 4);
if (valueBuffer.get() != 'P' || valueBuffer.get() != 'E' || valueBuffer.get() != 0 || valueBuffer.get() != 0) {
throw new IOException("PE signature not found as expected at offset 0x" + Long.toHexString(peHeaderOffset));
}
} catch (IOException e) {
channel.close();
throw e;
}
}
public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
channel.close();
}
synchronized int read(byte[] buffer, long base, int offset) {
try {
channel.position(base + offset);
return channel.read(ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer));
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
private void read(long base, int offset, int length) {
try {
valueBuffer.limit(length);
valueBuffer.clear();
channel.position(base + offset);
channel.read(valueBuffer);
valueBuffer.rewind();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
synchronized int read(long base, int offset) {
read(base, offset, 1);
return valueBuffer.get();
}
synchronized int readWord(long base, int offset) {
read(base, offset, 2);
return valueBuffer.getShort() & 0xFFFF;
}
synchronized long readDWord(long base, int offset) {
read(base, offset, 4);
return valueBuffer.getInt() & 0xFFFFFFFFL;
}
synchronized long readQWord(long base, int offset) {
read(base, offset, 8);
return valueBuffer.getLong();
}
synchronized void write(long base, byte[] data) {
try {
channel.position(base);
channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(data));
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public MachineType getMachineType() {
return MachineType.valueOf(readWord(peHeaderOffset, 4));
}
/**
* The number of sections. This indicates the size of the section table,
* which immediately follows the headers.
*/
public int getNumberOfSections() {
return readWord(peHeaderOffset, 6);
}
/**
* The low 32 bits of the number of seconds since 00:00 January 1, 1970
* (a C runtime time_t value), that indicates when the file was created.
*/
public Date getTimeDateStamp() {
return new Date(1000 * readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 8));
}
/**
* The file offset of the COFF symbol table, or zero if no COFF symbol table
* is present. This value should be zero for an image because COFF debugging
* information is deprecated.
*/
public long getPointerToSymbolTable() {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 12);
}
/**
* The number of entries in the symbol table. This data can be used to
* locate the string table, which immediately follows the symbol table.
* This value should be zero for an image because COFF debugging
* information is deprecated.
*/
public long getNumberOfSymbols() {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 16);
}
/**
* The size of the optional header, which is required for executable files
* but not for object files. This value should be zero for an object file.
*/
public int getSizeOfOptionalHeader() {
return readWord(peHeaderOffset, 20);
}
/**
* The flags that indicate the attributes of the file.
*/
public int getCharacteristics() {
return readWord(peHeaderOffset, 22);
}
public PEFormat getFormat() {
return PEFormat.valueOf(readWord(peHeaderOffset, 24));
}
/**
* The linker major version number.
*/
public int getMajorLinkerVersion() {
return read(peHeaderOffset, 26);
}
/**
* The linker minor version number.
*/
public int getMinorLinkerVersion() {
return read(peHeaderOffset, 27);
}
/**
* The size of the code (text) section, or the sum of all code sections
* if there are multiple sections.
*/
public long getSizeOfCode() {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 28);
}
/**
* The size of the initialized data section, or the sum of all such
* sections if there are multiple data sections.
*/
public long getSizeOfInitializedData() {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 32);
}
/**
* The size of the uninitialized data section (BSS), or the sum of all such
* sections if there are multiple BSS sections.
*/
public long getSizeOfUninitializedData() {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 36);
}
/**
* The address of the entry point relative to the image base when the
* executable file is loaded into memory. For program images, this is the
* starting address. For device drivers, this is the address of the
* initialization function. An entry point is optional for DLLs. When no
* entry point is present, this field must be zero.
*/
public long getAddressOfEntryPoint() {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 40);
}
/**
* The address that is relative to the image base of the beginning-of-code
* section when it is loaded into memory.
*/
public long getBaseOfCode() {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 44);
}
/**
* The address that is relative to the image base of the beginning-of-data
* section when it is loaded into memory (PE32 only).
*/
public long getBaseOfData() {
if (PEFormat.PE32.equals(getFormat())) {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 48);
} else {
return 0;
}
}
/**
* The preferred address of the first byte of image when loaded into memory;
* must be a multiple of 64 K. The default for DLLs is 0x10000000. The default
* for Windows CE EXEs is 0x00010000. The default for Windows NT, Windows 2000,
* Windows XP, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me is 0x00400000.
*/
public long getImageBase() {
if (PEFormat.PE32.equals(getFormat())) {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 52);
} else {
return readQWord(peHeaderOffset, 48);
}
}
/**
* The alignment (in bytes) of sections when they are loaded into memory.
* It must be greater than or equal to FileAlignment. The default is the
* page size for the architecture.
*/
public long getSectionAlignment() {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 56);
}
/**
* The alignment factor (in bytes) that is used to align the raw data of
* sections in the image file. The value should be a power of 2 between
* 512 and 64 K, inclusive. The default is 512. If the SectionAlignment
* is less than the architecture?s page size, then FileAlignment must
* match SectionAlignment.
*/
public long getFileAlignment() {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 60);
}
/**
* The major version number of the required operating system.
*/
public int getMajorOperatingSystemVersion() {
return readWord(peHeaderOffset, 64);
}
/**
* The minor version number of the required operating system.
*/
public int getMinorOperatingSystemVersion() {
return readWord(peHeaderOffset, 66);
}
/**
* The major version number of the image.
*/
public int getMajorImageVersion() {
return readWord(peHeaderOffset, 68);
}
/**
* The minor version number of the image.
*/
public int getMinorImageVersion() {
return readWord(peHeaderOffset, 70);
}
/**
* The major version number of the subsystem.
*/
public int getMajorSubsystemVersion() {
return readWord(peHeaderOffset, 72);
}
/**
* The minor version number of the subsystem.
*/
public int getMinorSubsystemVersion() {
return readWord(peHeaderOffset, 74);
}
/**
* Reserved, must be zero.
*/
public long getWin32VersionValue() {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 76);
}
/**
* The size (in bytes) of the image, including all headers, as the image
* is loaded in memory. It must be a multiple of SectionAlignment.
*/
public long getSizeOfImage() {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 80);
}
/**
* The combined size of an MS DOS stub, PE header, and section headers
* rounded up to a multiple of FileAlignment.
*/
public long getSizeOfHeaders() {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 84);
}
/**
* The image file checksum.
*/
public long getCheckSum() {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 88);
}
/**
* Compute the checksum of the image file. The algorithm for computing
* the checksum is incorporated into IMAGHELP.DLL.
*/
public synchronized long computeChecksum() {
PEImageChecksum checksum = new PEImageChecksum(peHeaderOffset + 88);
ByteBuffer b = ByteBuffer.allocate(64 * 1024);
try {
channel.position(0);
int len;
while ((len = channel.read(b)) > 0) {
checksum.update(b.array(), 0, len);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return checksum.getValue();
}
public synchronized void updateChecksum() {
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
buffer.putInt((int) computeChecksum());
try {
channel.position(peHeaderOffset + 88);
channel.write(buffer);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* The subsystem that is required to run this image.
*/
public Subsystem getSubsystem() {
return Subsystem.valueOf(readWord(peHeaderOffset, 92));
}
public int getDllCharacteristics() {
return readWord(peHeaderOffset, 94);
}
/**
* The size of the stack to reserve. Only SizeOfStackCommit is committed;
* the rest is made available one page at a time until the reserve size is reached.
*/
public long getSizeOfStackReserve() {
if (PEFormat.PE32.equals(getFormat())) {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 96);
} else {
return readQWord(peHeaderOffset, 96);
}
}
/**
* The size of the stack to commit.
*/
public long getSizeOfStackCommit() {
if (PEFormat.PE32.equals(getFormat())) {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 100);
} else {
return readQWord(peHeaderOffset, 104);
}
}
/**
* The size of the local heap space to reserve. Only SizeOfHeapCommit is
* committed; the rest is made available one page at a time until the
* reserve size is reached.
*/
public long getSizeOfHeapReserve() {
if (PEFormat.PE32.equals(getFormat())) {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 104);
} else {
return readQWord(peHeaderOffset, 112);
}
}
/**
* The size of the local heap space to commit.
*/
public long getSizeOfHeapCommit() {
if (PEFormat.PE32.equals(getFormat())) {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, 108);
} else {
return readQWord(peHeaderOffset, 120);
}
}
/**
* Reserved, must be zero.
*/
public long getLoaderFlags() {
return readDWord(peHeaderOffset, PEFormat.PE32.equals(getFormat()) ? 112 : 128);
}
/**
* The number of data-directory entries in the remainder of the optional
* header. Each describes a location and size.
*/
public int getNumberOfRvaAndSizes() {
return (int) readDWord(peHeaderOffset, PEFormat.PE32.equals(getFormat()) ? 116 : 132);
}
int getDataDirectoryOffset() {
return (int) peHeaderOffset + (PEFormat.PE32.equals(getFormat()) ? 120 : 136);
}
/**
* Returns the data directory of the specified type.
*/
public DataDirectory getDataDirectory(DataDirectoryType type) {
if (type.ordinal() >= getNumberOfRvaAndSizes()) {
return null;
} else {
return new DataDirectory(this, type.ordinal());
}
}
/**
* Writes the data directory of the specified type. The data is either appended
* at the end of the file or written over the previous data of the same type if
* there is enough space.
*
* @param type the type of the data directory
* @param data the content of the data directory
*/
public synchronized void writeDataDirectory(DataDirectoryType type, byte[] data) throws IOException {
DataDirectory directory = getDataDirectory(type);
if (!directory.exists()) {
// append the data directory at the end of the file
long offset = channel.size();
channel.position(offset);
channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(data));
// update the entry in the data directory table
directory.write(offset, data.length);
} else {
if (data.length == directory.getSize()) {
// same size as before, just overwrite
channel.position(directory.getVirtualAddress());
channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(data));
} else if (data.length < directory.getSize() && type != DataDirectoryType.CERTIFICATE_TABLE) {
// the new data is smaller, erase and rewrite in-place
// this doesn't work with the certificate table since it changes the file digest
directory.erase();
channel.position(directory.getVirtualAddress());
channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(data));
// update the size in the data directory table
directory.write(directory.getVirtualAddress(), data.length);
} else if (directory.isTrailing()) {
// the data is at the end of the file, overwrite it
channel.position(directory.getVirtualAddress());
channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(data));
channel.truncate(directory.getVirtualAddress() + data.length); // trim the file if the data shrunk
// update the size in the data directory table
directory.write(directory.getVirtualAddress(), data.length);
} else {
if (type == DataDirectoryType.CERTIFICATE_TABLE) {
throw new IOException("The certificate table isn't at the end of the file and can't be moved without invalidating the signature");
}
// the new data is larger, erase and relocate it at the end
directory.erase();
long offset = channel.size();
channel.position(offset);
channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(data));
// update the entry in the data directory table
directory.write(offset, data.length);
}
}
updateChecksum();
}
/**
* Returns the authenticode signatures on the file.
*/
public synchronized List getSignatures() {
List signatures = new ArrayList<>();
for (CertificateTableEntry entry : getCertificateTable()) {
try {
CMSSignedData signedData = entry.getSignature();
signatures.add(signedData);
// look for nested signatures
SignerInformation signerInformation = signedData.getSignerInfos().getSigners().iterator().next();
AttributeTable unsignedAttributes = signerInformation.getUnsignedAttributes();
if (unsignedAttributes != null) {
Attribute nestedSignatures = unsignedAttributes.get(AuthenticodeObjectIdentifiers.SPC_NESTED_SIGNATURE_OBJID);
if (nestedSignatures != null) {
for (ASN1Encodable nestedSignature : nestedSignatures.getAttrValues()) {
signatures.add(new CMSSignedData((CMSProcessable) null, ContentInfo.getInstance(nestedSignature)));
}
}
}
} catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
// unsupported type, just skip
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return signatures;
}
private synchronized List getCertificateTable() {
List entries = new ArrayList<>();
DataDirectory certificateTable = getDataDirectory(DataDirectoryType.CERTIFICATE_TABLE);
if (certificateTable != null && certificateTable.exists()) {
long position = certificateTable.getVirtualAddress();
try {
entries.add(new CertificateTableEntry(this, position));
// todo read the remaining entries (but Authenticode use only one, extra signatures are appended as a SPC_NESTED_SIGNATURE unauthenticated attribute)
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return entries;
}
public synchronized List getSections() {
List sections = new ArrayList<>();
int sectionTableOffset = getDataDirectoryOffset() + 8 * getNumberOfRvaAndSizes();
for (int i = 0; i < getNumberOfSections(); i++) {
sections.add(new Section(this, sectionTableOffset + 40 * i));
}
return sections;
}
/**
* Print detailed informations about the PE file.
*/
public void printInfo(OutputStream out) {
printInfo(new PrintWriter(out, true));
}
/**
* Print detailed informations about the PE file.
*/
public void printInfo(PrintWriter out) {
if (file != null) {
out.println("PE File");
out.println(" Name: " + file.getName());
out.println(" Size: " + file.length());
out.println(" Last Modified: " + new Date(file.lastModified()));
out.println();
}
out.println("PE Header");
out.println(" Machine: " + getMachineType());
out.println(" Number of sections: " + getNumberOfSections());
out.println(" Timestamp: " + getTimeDateStamp());
out.println(" Pointer to symbol table: 0x" + Long.toHexString(getPointerToSymbolTable()));
out.println(" Number of symbols: " + getNumberOfSymbols());
out.println(" Size of optional header: " + getSizeOfOptionalHeader());
out.println(" Characteristics: 0x" + Long.toBinaryString(getCharacteristics()));
out.println();
out.println("Optional Header");
PEFormat format = getFormat();
out.println(" PE Format: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(format.value) + " (" + format.label + ")");
out.println(" Linker version: " + getMajorLinkerVersion() + "." + getMinorLinkerVersion());
out.println(" Size of code: " + getSizeOfCode());
out.println(" Size of initialized data: " + getSizeOfInitializedData());
out.println(" Size of uninitialized data: " + getSizeOfUninitializedData());
out.println(" Address of entry point: 0x" + Long.toHexString(getAddressOfEntryPoint()));
out.println(" Base of code: 0x" + Long.toHexString(getBaseOfCode()));
if (PEFormat.PE32.equals(getFormat())) {
out.println(" Base of data: 0x" + Long.toHexString(getBaseOfData()));
}
out.println(" Image base: 0x" + Long.toHexString(getImageBase()));
out.println(" Section alignment: " + getSectionAlignment());
out.println(" File alignment: " + getFileAlignment());
out.println(" Operating system version: " + getMajorOperatingSystemVersion() + "." + getMinorOperatingSystemVersion());
out.println(" Image version: " + getMajorImageVersion() + "." + getMinorImageVersion());
out.println(" Subsystem version: " + getMajorSubsystemVersion() + "." + getMinorSubsystemVersion());
out.println(" Size of image: " + getSizeOfImage());
out.println(" Size of headers: " + getSizeOfHeaders());
out.println(" Checksum: 0x" + Long.toHexString(getCheckSum()));
out.println(" Checksum (computed): 0x" + Long.toHexString(computeChecksum()));
out.println(" Subsystem: " + getSubsystem());
out.println(" DLL characteristics: 0x" + Long.toBinaryString(getDllCharacteristics()));
out.println(" Size of stack reserve: " + getSizeOfStackReserve());
out.println(" Size of stack commit: " + getSizeOfStackCommit());
out.println(" Size of heap reserve: " + getSizeOfHeapReserve());
out.println(" Size of heap commit: " + getSizeOfHeapCommit());
out.println(" Number of RVA and sizes: " + getNumberOfRvaAndSizes());
out.println();
out.println("Data Directory");
for (DataDirectoryType type : DataDirectoryType.values()) {
DataDirectory entry = getDataDirectory(type);
if (entry != null && entry.exists()) {
out.printf(" %-30s 0x%08x %8d bytes\n", type, entry.getVirtualAddress(), entry.getSize());
}
}
out.println();
out.println("Sections");
out.println(" Name Virtual Size Virtual Address Raw Data Size Raw Data Ptr Characteristics");
List sections = getSections();
for (int i = 0; i < sections.size(); i++) {
Section section = sections.get(i);
out.printf(" #%d %-8s %8d 0x%08x %8d 0x%08x %s\n", i + 1, section.getName(), section.getVirtualSize(), section.getVirtualAddress(), section.getSizeOfRawData(), section.getPointerToRawData(), section.getCharacteristics());
}
out.println();
List signatures = getSignatures();
if (!signatures.isEmpty()) {
out.println("Signatures");
for (CMSSignedData signedData : signatures) {
SignerInformation signerInformation = signedData.getSignerInfos().getSigners().iterator().next();
X509CertificateHolder certificate = (X509CertificateHolder) signedData.getCertificates().getMatches(signerInformation.getSID()).iterator().next();
String commonName = certificate.getSubject().getRDNs(X509ObjectIdentifiers.commonName)[0].getFirst().getValue().toString();
AttributeTable unsignedAttributes = signerInformation.getUnsignedAttributes();
boolean timestamped = unsignedAttributes != null &&
(unsignedAttributes.get(PKCSObjectIdentifiers.pkcs_9_at_counterSignature) != null
|| unsignedAttributes.get(AuthenticodeObjectIdentifiers.SPC_RFC3161_OBJID) != null);
DigestAlgorithm algorithm = DigestAlgorithm.of(signerInformation.getDigestAlgorithmID().getAlgorithm());
out.println(" " + commonName + " " + (algorithm != null ? "[" + algorithm.id + "] " : "") + (timestamped ? "(timestamped)" : ""));
}
}
}
/**
* Compute the digest of the file. The checksum field, the certificate
* directory table entry and the certificate table are excluded from
* the digest.
*/
private synchronized byte[] computeDigest(MessageDigest digest) throws IOException {
long checksumLocation = peHeaderOffset + 88;
DataDirectory certificateTable = getDataDirectory(DataDirectoryType.CERTIFICATE_TABLE);
// digest from the beginning to the checksum field (excluded)
updateDigest(digest, 0, checksumLocation);
// skip the checksum field
long position = checksumLocation + 4;
// digest from the end of the checksum field to the beginning of the certificate table entry
int certificateTableOffset = getDataDirectoryOffset() + 8 * DataDirectoryType.CERTIFICATE_TABLE.ordinal();
updateDigest(digest, position, certificateTableOffset);
// skip the certificate entry
position = certificateTableOffset + 8;
// todo digest the sections in ascending address order
// digest from the end of the certificate table entry to the beginning of the certificate table
if (certificateTable != null && certificateTable.exists()) {
updateDigest(digest, position, certificateTable.getVirtualAddress());
position = certificateTable.getVirtualAddress() + certificateTable.getSize();
}
// digest from the end of the certificate table to the end of the file
updateDigest(digest, position, channel.size());
return digest.digest();
}
/**
* Update the specified digest by reading the underlying RandomAccessFile
* from the start offset included to the end offset excluded.
*
* @param digest
* @param startOffset
* @param endOffset
*/
private void updateDigest(MessageDigest digest, long startOffset, long endOffset) throws IOException {
channel.position(startOffset);
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8192);
long position = startOffset;
while (position < endOffset) {
buffer.clear();
buffer.limit((int) Math.min(buffer.capacity(), endOffset - position));
channel.read(buffer);
buffer.rewind();
digest.update(buffer);
position += buffer.limit();
}
}
/**
* Compute the checksum of the file using the specified digest algorithm.
*
* @param algorithm the digest algorithm, typically SHA1
*/
public byte[] computeDigest(DigestAlgorithm algorithm) throws IOException {
return computeDigest(algorithm.getMessageDigest());
}
/**
* Increase the size of the file up to a size that is a multiple of the specified value.
*
* @param multiple
*/
public synchronized void pad(int multiple) throws IOException {
long padding = (multiple - channel.size() % multiple) % multiple;
channel.position(channel.size());
channel.write(ByteBuffer.allocate((int) padding));
}
}
