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Mutable objects are those whose state can be changed. For instance, an array is mutable, but a String is not. Mutable class members should never be returned to a caller or accepted and stored directly. Doing so leaves you vulnerable to unexpected changes in your class state.

Instead, a copy of the mutable object should be made, and that copy should be stored or returned.

This rule checks that arrays, collections and Dates are not stored or returned directly.

Noncompliant Code Example

class A {
  private String [] strings;

  public A () {
    strings = new String[]{"first", "second"};
  }

  public String [] getStrings() {
    return strings; // Noncompliant
  }

  public void setStrings(String [] strings) {
    this.strings = strings;  // Noncompliant
  }
}

public class B {

  private A a = new A();  // At this point a.strings = {"first", "second"};

  public void wreakHavoc() {
    a.getStrings()[0] = "yellow";  // a.strings = {"yellow", "second"};
  }
}

Compliant Solution

class A {
  private String [] strings;

  public A () {
    strings = new String[]{"first", "second"};
  }

  public String [] getStrings() {
    return strings.clone();
  }

  public void setStrings(String [] strings) {
    this.strings = strings.clone();
  }
}

public class B {

  private A a = new A();  // At this point a.strings = {"first", "second"};

  public void wreakHavoc() {
    a.getStrings()[0] = "yellow";  // a.strings = {"first", "second"};
  }
}

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