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In Unix file system permissions, the "others" category refers to all users except the owner of the file system resource and the
members of the group assigned to this resource.
Granting permissions to this category can lead to unintended access to files or directories that could allow attackers to obtain sensitive
information, disrupt services or elevate privileges.
Ask Yourself Whether

   The application is designed to be run on a multi-user environment. 
   Corresponding files and directories may contain confidential information. 

There is a risk if you answered yes to any of those questions.
Recommended Secure Coding Practices
The most restrictive possible permissions should be assigned to files and directories.
Sensitive Code Example
For os.umask:
os.umask(0)  # Sensitive

For os.chmod, os.lchmod, and os.fchmod:
os.chmod("/tmp/fs", stat.S_IRWXO)   # Sensitive
os.lchmod("/tmp/fs", stat.S_IRWXO)  # Sensitive
os.fchmod(fd, stat.S_IRWXO)         # Sensitive

Compliant Solution
For os.umask:
os.umask(0o777)

For os.chmod, os.lchmod, and os.fchmod:
os.chmod("/tmp/fs", stat.S_IRWXU)
os.lchmod("/tmp/fs", stat.S_IRWXU)
os.fchmod(fd, stat.S_IRWXU)

See

   OWASP - Top 10 2021 Category A1 - Broken Access Control 
   OWASP - Top 10 2021 Category A4 - Insecure Design 
   OWASP - Top 10 2017 Category A5 - Broken Access Control
  
   OWASP File Permission 
   CWE - CWE-732 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource 
   CWE - CWE-266 - Incorrect Privilege Assignment 
   STIG Viewer - Application Security and
  Development: V-222430 - The application must execute without excessive account permissions.