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/*
* Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.web.util;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
/**
* Utility class for URI encoding and decoding based on RFC 3986. Offers encoding methods for the various URI
* components.
*
* All {@code encode*(String, String} methods in this class operate in a similar way:
*
* - Valid characters for the specific URI component as defined in RFC 3986 stay the same.
* - All other characters are converted into one or more bytes in the given encoding scheme. Each of the
* resulting bytes is written as a hexadecimal string in the "
%xy" format.
*
*
* @author Arjen Poutsma
* @since 1.0
* @see RFC 3986
*/
public abstract class UriUtils {
private static final String SCHEME_PATTERN = "([^:/?#]+):";
private static final String HTTP_PATTERN = "(http|https):";
private static final String USERINFO_PATTERN = "([^@/]*)";
private static final String HOST_PATTERN = "([^/?#:]*)";
private static final String PORT_PATTERN = "(\\d*)";
private static final String PATH_PATTERN = "([^?#]*)";
private static final String QUERY_PATTERN = "([^#]*)";
private static final String LAST_PATTERN = "(.*)";
// Regex patterns that matches URIs. See RFC 3986, appendix B
private static final Pattern URI_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(
"^(" + SCHEME_PATTERN + ")?" + "(//(" + USERINFO_PATTERN + "@)?" + HOST_PATTERN + "(:" + PORT_PATTERN +
")?" + ")?" + PATH_PATTERN + "(\\?" + QUERY_PATTERN + ")?" + "(#" + LAST_PATTERN + ")?");
private static final Pattern HTTP_URL_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(
"^" + HTTP_PATTERN + "(//(" + USERINFO_PATTERN + "@)?" + HOST_PATTERN + "(:" + PORT_PATTERN + ")?" + ")?" +
PATH_PATTERN + "(\\?" + LAST_PATTERN + ")?");
// encoding
/**
* Encodes the given source URI into an encoded String. All various URI components are
* encoded according to their respective valid character sets.
* Note that this method does not attempt to encode "=" and "&"
* characters in query parameter names and query parameter values because they cannot
* be parsed in a reliable way. Instead use:
*
* UriComponents uriComponents = UriComponentsBuilder.fromUri("/path?name={value}").buildAndExpand("a=b");
* String encodedUri = uriComponents.encode().toUriString();
*
* @param uri the URI to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded URI
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when the given uri parameter is not a valid URI
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
* @deprecated in favor of {@link UriComponentsBuilder}; see note about query param encoding
*/
public static String encodeUri(String uri, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
Assert.notNull(uri, "'uri' must not be null");
Assert.hasLength(encoding, "'encoding' must not be empty");
Matcher m = URI_PATTERN.matcher(uri);
if (m.matches()) {
String scheme = m.group(2);
String authority = m.group(3);
String userinfo = m.group(5);
String host = m.group(6);
String port = m.group(8);
String path = m.group(9);
String query = m.group(11);
String fragment = m.group(13);
return encodeUriComponents(scheme, authority, userinfo, host, port, path, query, fragment, encoding);
}
else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("[" + uri + "] is not a valid URI");
}
}
/**
* Encodes the given HTTP URI into an encoded String. All various URI components are
* encoded according to their respective valid character sets.
* Note that this method does not support fragments ({@code #}),
* as these are not supposed to be sent to the server, but retained by the client.
*
Note that this method does not attempt to encode "=" and "&"
* characters in query parameter names and query parameter values because they cannot
* be parsed in a reliable way. Instead use:
*
* UriComponents uriComponents = UriComponentsBuilder.fromHttpUrl("/path?name={value}").buildAndExpand("a=b");
* String encodedUri = uriComponents.encode().toUriString();
*
* @param httpUrl the HTTP URL to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded URL
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when the given uri parameter is not a valid URI
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
* @deprecated in favor of {@link UriComponentsBuilder}; see note about query param encoding
*/
public static String encodeHttpUrl(String httpUrl, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
Assert.notNull(httpUrl, "'httpUrl' must not be null");
Assert.hasLength(encoding, "'encoding' must not be empty");
Matcher m = HTTP_URL_PATTERN.matcher(httpUrl);
if (m.matches()) {
String scheme = m.group(1);
String authority = m.group(2);
String userinfo = m.group(4);
String host = m.group(5);
String portString = m.group(7);
String path = m.group(8);
String query = m.group(10);
return encodeUriComponents(scheme, authority, userinfo, host, portString, path, query, null, encoding);
}
else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("[" + httpUrl + "] is not a valid HTTP URL");
}
}
/**
* Encodes the given source URI components into an encoded String. All various URI components
* are optional, but encoded according to their respective valid character sets.
* @param scheme the scheme
* @param authority the authority
* @param userInfo the user info
* @param host the host
* @param port the port
* @param path the path
* @param query the query
* @param fragment the fragment
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded URI
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when the given uri parameter is not a valid URI
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
* @deprecated in favor of {@link UriComponentsBuilder}
*/
public static String encodeUriComponents(String scheme, String authority, String userInfo,
String host, String port, String path, String query, String fragment, String encoding)
throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
Assert.hasLength(encoding, "'encoding' must not be empty");
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
if (scheme != null) {
sb.append(encodeScheme(scheme, encoding));
sb.append(':');
}
if (authority != null) {
sb.append("//");
if (userInfo != null) {
sb.append(encodeUserInfo(userInfo, encoding));
sb.append('@');
}
if (host != null) {
sb.append(encodeHost(host, encoding));
}
if (port != null) {
sb.append(':');
sb.append(encodePort(port, encoding));
}
}
sb.append(encodePath(path, encoding));
if (query != null) {
sb.append('?');
sb.append(encodeQuery(query, encoding));
}
if (fragment != null) {
sb.append('#');
sb.append(encodeFragment(fragment, encoding));
}
return sb.toString();
}
// encoding convenience methods
/**
* Encodes the given URI scheme with the given encoding.
* @param scheme the scheme to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded scheme
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodeScheme(String scheme, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return UriComponents.encodeUriComponent(scheme, encoding, UriComponents.Type.SCHEME);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI authority with the given encoding.
* @param authority the authority to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded authority
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodeAuthority(String authority, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return UriComponents.encodeUriComponent(authority, encoding, UriComponents.Type.AUTHORITY);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI user info with the given encoding.
* @param userInfo the user info to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded user info
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodeUserInfo(String userInfo, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return UriComponents.encodeUriComponent(userInfo, encoding, UriComponents.Type.USER_INFO);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI host with the given encoding.
* @param host the host to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded host
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodeHost(String host, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return UriComponents.encodeUriComponent(host, encoding, UriComponents.Type.HOST);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI port with the given encoding.
* @param port the port to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded port
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodePort(String port, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return UriComponents.encodeUriComponent(port, encoding, UriComponents.Type.PORT);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI path with the given encoding.
* @param path the path to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded path
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodePath(String path, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return UriComponents.encodeUriComponent(path, encoding, UriComponents.Type.PATH);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI path segment with the given encoding.
* @param segment the segment to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded segment
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodePathSegment(String segment, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return UriComponents.encodeUriComponent(segment, encoding, UriComponents.Type.PATH_SEGMENT);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI query with the given encoding.
* @param query the query to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded query
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodeQuery(String query, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return UriComponents.encodeUriComponent(query, encoding, UriComponents.Type.QUERY);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI query parameter with the given encoding.
* @param queryParam the query parameter to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded query parameter
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodeQueryParam(String queryParam, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return UriComponents.encodeUriComponent(queryParam, encoding, UriComponents.Type.QUERY_PARAM);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI fragment with the given encoding.
* @param fragment the fragment to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded fragment
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodeFragment(String fragment, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return UriComponents.encodeUriComponent(fragment, encoding, UriComponents.Type.FRAGMENT);
}
// decoding
/**
* Decodes the given encoded source String into an URI. Based on the following rules:
*
* - Alphanumeric characters {@code "a"} through {@code "z"}, {@code "A"} through {@code "Z"}, and
* {@code "0"} through {@code "9"} stay the same.
* - Special characters {@code "-"}, {@code "_"}, {@code "."}, and {@code "*"} stay the same.
* - A sequence "
%xy" is interpreted as a hexadecimal representation of the character.
*
* @param source the source string
* @param encoding the encoding
* @return the decoded URI
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when the given source contains invalid encoded sequences
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
* @see java.net.URLDecoder#decode(String, String)
*/
public static String decode(String source, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
Assert.notNull(source, "'source' must not be null");
Assert.hasLength(encoding, "'encoding' must not be empty");
int length = source.length();
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(length);
boolean changed = false;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
int ch = source.charAt(i);
if (ch == '%') {
if ((i + 2) < length) {
char hex1 = source.charAt(i + 1);
char hex2 = source.charAt(i + 2);
int u = Character.digit(hex1, 16);
int l = Character.digit(hex2, 16);
if (u == -1 || l == -1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid encoded sequence \"" + source.substring(i) + "\"");
}
bos.write((char) ((u << 4) + l));
i += 2;
changed = true;
}
else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid encoded sequence \"" + source.substring(i) + "\"");
}
}
else {
bos.write(ch);
}
}
return changed ? new String(bos.toByteArray(), encoding) : source;
}
}