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/*
 * Copyright 2005-2013 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.ldap.support;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.ldap.NamingException;
import org.springframework.ldap.NoSuchAttributeException;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;

import javax.naming.CompositeName;
import javax.naming.InvalidNameException;
import javax.naming.Name;
import javax.naming.NamingEnumeration;
import javax.naming.directory.Attribute;
import javax.naming.directory.Attributes;
import javax.naming.directory.DirContext;
import javax.naming.ldap.LdapContext;
import javax.naming.ldap.LdapName;
import javax.naming.ldap.Rdn;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

/**
 * Generic utility methods for working with LDAP. Mainly for internal use within
 * the framework, but also useful for custom code.
 * 
 * @author Ulrik Sandberg
 * @author Mattias Hellborg Arthursson
 * @since 1.2
 */
public final class LdapUtils {

	private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LdapUtils.class);
    private static final int HEX = 16;

    /**
	 * Not to be instantiated.
	 */
	private LdapUtils() {

	}

	/**
	 * Close the given JNDI Context and ignore any thrown exception. This is
	 * useful for typical finally blocks in JNDI code.
	 * 
	 * @param context the JNDI Context to close (may be null)
	 */
	public static void closeContext(DirContext context) {
		if (context != null) {
			try {
				context.close();
			}
			catch (NamingException ex) {
				LOGGER.debug("Could not close JNDI DirContext", ex);
			}
			catch (Throwable ex) {
				// We don't trust the JNDI provider: It might throw
				// RuntimeException or Error.
				LOGGER.debug("Unexpected exception on closing JNDI DirContext", ex);
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Convert the specified checked {@link javax.naming.NamingException
	 * NamingException} to a Spring LDAP runtime
	 * {@link org.springframework.ldap.NamingException NamingException}
	 * equivalent.
	 * 
	 * @param ex the original checked NamingException to convert
	 * @return the Spring LDAP runtime NamingException wrapping the given
	 * exception
	 */
	public static NamingException convertLdapException(javax.naming.NamingException ex) {
		Assert.notNull(ex, "NamingException must not be null");

		if (javax.naming.directory.AttributeInUseException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.AttributeInUseException(
					(javax.naming.directory.AttributeInUseException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.directory.AttributeModificationException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.AttributeModificationException(
					(javax.naming.directory.AttributeModificationException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.CannotProceedException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.CannotProceedException((javax.naming.CannotProceedException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.CommunicationException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.CommunicationException((javax.naming.CommunicationException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.ConfigurationException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.ConfigurationException((javax.naming.ConfigurationException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.ContextNotEmptyException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.ContextNotEmptyException((javax.naming.ContextNotEmptyException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.InsufficientResourcesException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.InsufficientResourcesException(
					(javax.naming.InsufficientResourcesException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.InterruptedNamingException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.InterruptedNamingException((javax.naming.InterruptedNamingException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.directory.InvalidAttributeIdentifierException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.InvalidAttributeIdentifierException(
					(javax.naming.directory.InvalidAttributeIdentifierException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.directory.InvalidAttributesException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.InvalidAttributesException(
					(javax.naming.directory.InvalidAttributesException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.directory.InvalidAttributeValueException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.InvalidAttributeValueException(
					(javax.naming.directory.InvalidAttributeValueException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.InvalidNameException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.InvalidNameException((javax.naming.InvalidNameException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.directory.InvalidSearchControlsException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.InvalidSearchControlsException(
					(javax.naming.directory.InvalidSearchControlsException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.directory.InvalidSearchFilterException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.InvalidSearchFilterException(
					(javax.naming.directory.InvalidSearchFilterException) ex);
		}

		if (javax.naming.ldap.LdapReferralException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.LdapReferralException((javax.naming.ldap.LdapReferralException) ex);
		}

        if (javax.naming.ReferralException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
            return new org.springframework.ldap.ReferralException((javax.naming.ReferralException) ex);
        }

		// LimitExceededException hierarchy
		if (javax.naming.SizeLimitExceededException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.SizeLimitExceededException((javax.naming.SizeLimitExceededException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.TimeLimitExceededException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.TimeLimitExceededException((javax.naming.TimeLimitExceededException) ex);
		}
		// this class is the superclass of the two above
		if (javax.naming.LimitExceededException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.LimitExceededException((javax.naming.LimitExceededException) ex);
		}

		// LinkException hierarchy
		if (javax.naming.LinkLoopException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.LinkLoopException((javax.naming.LinkLoopException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.MalformedLinkException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.MalformedLinkException((javax.naming.MalformedLinkException) ex);
		}
		// this class is the superclass of the two above
		if (javax.naming.LinkException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.LinkException((javax.naming.LinkException) ex);
		}

		if (javax.naming.NameAlreadyBoundException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.NameAlreadyBoundException((javax.naming.NameAlreadyBoundException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.NameNotFoundException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.NameNotFoundException((javax.naming.NameNotFoundException) ex);
		}

		// NamingSecurityException hierarchy
		if (javax.naming.NoPermissionException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.NoPermissionException((javax.naming.NoPermissionException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.AuthenticationException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.AuthenticationException((javax.naming.AuthenticationException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.AuthenticationNotSupportedException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.AuthenticationNotSupportedException(
					(javax.naming.AuthenticationNotSupportedException) ex);
		}
        if (javax.naming.NamingSecurityException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
            return new org.springframework.ldap.NamingSecurityException((javax.naming.NamingSecurityException) ex);
        }

		if (javax.naming.NoInitialContextException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.NoInitialContextException((javax.naming.NoInitialContextException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.directory.NoSuchAttributeException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.NoSuchAttributeException(
					(javax.naming.directory.NoSuchAttributeException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.NotContextException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.NotContextException((javax.naming.NotContextException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.OperationNotSupportedException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.OperationNotSupportedException(
					(javax.naming.OperationNotSupportedException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.PartialResultException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.PartialResultException((javax.naming.PartialResultException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.directory.SchemaViolationException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.SchemaViolationException(
					(javax.naming.directory.SchemaViolationException) ex);
		}
		if (javax.naming.ServiceUnavailableException.class.isAssignableFrom(ex.getClass())) {
			return new org.springframework.ldap.ServiceUnavailableException(
					(javax.naming.ServiceUnavailableException) ex);
		}

		// fallback
		return new org.springframework.ldap.UncategorizedLdapException(ex);
	}

	/**
	 * Get the actual class of the supplied DirContext instance; LdapContext or
	 * DirContext.
	 * 
	 * @param context the DirContext instance to check.
	 * @return LdapContext.class if context is an LdapContext, DirContext.class
	 * otherwise.
	 */
	public static Class getActualTargetClass(DirContext context) {
		if (context instanceof LdapContext) {
			return LdapContext.class;
		}

		return DirContext.class;
	}

	/**
	 * Collect all the values of a the specified attribute from the supplied
	 * Attributes.
	 * 
	 * @param attributes The Attributes; not null.
	 * @param name The name of the Attribute to get values for.
	 * @param collection the collection to collect the values in.
	 * @throws NoSuchAttributeException if no attribute with the specified name
	 * exists.
	 * @since 1.3
	 */
	public static void collectAttributeValues(Attributes attributes, String name, Collection collection) {
        collectAttributeValues(attributes, name, collection, Object.class);
	}

    /**
     * Collect all the values of a the specified attribute from the supplied
     * Attributes as the specified class.
     *
     * @param attributes The Attributes; not null.
     * @param name The name of the Attribute to get values for.
     * @param collection the collection to collect the values in.
     * @param clazz the class of the collected attribute values
     * @throws NoSuchAttributeException if no attribute with the specified name
     * exists.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if an attribute value cannot be cast to the specified class.
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static  void collectAttributeValues(
            Attributes attributes, String name, Collection collection, Class clazz) {

        Assert.notNull(attributes, "Attributes must not be null");
        Assert.hasText(name, "Name must not be empty");
        Assert.notNull(collection, "Collection must not be null");

        Attribute attribute = attributes.get(name);
        if (attribute == null) {
            throw new NoSuchAttributeException("No attribute with name '" + name + "'");
        }

        iterateAttributeValues(attribute, new CollectingAttributeValueCallbackHandler(collection, clazz));

    }

	/**
	 * Iterate through all the values of the specified Attribute calling back to
	 * the specified callbackHandler.
	 * @param attribute the Attribute to work with; not null.
	 * @param callbackHandler the callbackHandler; not null.
	 * @since 1.3
	 */
	public static void iterateAttributeValues(Attribute attribute, AttributeValueCallbackHandler callbackHandler) {
		Assert.notNull(attribute, "Attribute must not be null");
		Assert.notNull(callbackHandler, "callbackHandler must not be null");

		for (int i = 0; i < attribute.size(); i++) {
			try {
				callbackHandler.handleAttributeValue(attribute.getID(), attribute.get(i), i);
			}
			catch (javax.naming.NamingException e) {
				throw convertLdapException(e);
			}
		}
	}

    /**
	 * An {@link AttributeValueCallbackHandler} to collect values in a supplied
	 * collection.
	 * 
	 * @author Mattias Hellborg Arthursson
	 */
	private static final class CollectingAttributeValueCallbackHandler implements AttributeValueCallbackHandler {
		private final Collection collection;
        private final Class clazz;

        public CollectingAttributeValueCallbackHandler(Collection collection, Class clazz) {
            Assert.notNull(collection, "Collection must not be null");
            Assert.notNull(clazz, "Clazz parameter must not be null");

			this.collection = collection;
            this.clazz = clazz;
		}

		public void handleAttributeValue(String attributeName, Object attributeValue, int index) {
            Assert.isTrue(attributeName == null || clazz.isAssignableFrom(attributeValue.getClass()));
			collection.add(clazz.cast(attributeValue));
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Converts a CompositeName to a String in a way that avoids escaping
	 * problems, such as the dreaded "triple backslash" problem.
	 * 
	 * @param compositeName The CompositeName to convert
	 * @return String containing the String representation of name
	 */
	public static String convertCompositeNameToString(
			CompositeName compositeName) {
		if (compositeName.size() > 0) {
			// A lookup with an empty String seems to produce an empty
			// compositeName here; need to take this into account.
			return compositeName.get(0);
		}
		else {
			return "";
		}
	}

    /**
     * Construct a new LdapName instance from the supplied Name instance.
     * LdapName instances will be cloned, CompositeName tweaks will be managed using
     * {@link #convertCompositeNameToString(javax.naming.CompositeName)}; for all other Name
     * implementations, new LdapName instances are constructed using {@link LdapName#addAll(int, javax.naming.Name)}.
     *
     * @param name the Name instance to convert to LdapName, not null.
     * @return a new LdapName representing the same Distinguished Name as the supplied instance.
     * @throws org.springframework.ldap.InvalidNameException to wrap any InvalidNameExceptions thrown by LdapName.
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static LdapName newLdapName(Name name) {
        Assert.notNull(name, "name must not be null");
        if(name instanceof LdapName) {
            return (LdapName) name.clone();
        } else if (name instanceof CompositeName) {
            CompositeName compositeName = (CompositeName) name;

            try {
                return new LdapName(convertCompositeNameToString(compositeName));
            } catch (InvalidNameException e) {
                throw convertLdapException(e);
            }
        } else {
            LdapName result = emptyLdapName();
            try {
                result.addAll(0, name);
            } catch (InvalidNameException e) {
                throw convertLdapException(e);
            }

            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Construct a new LdapName instance from the supplied distinguished name string.
     *
     * @param distinguishedName the string to parse for constructing an LdapName instance.
     * @return a new LdapName instance.
     * @throws org.springframework.ldap.InvalidNameException to wrap any InvalidNameExceptions thrown by LdapName.
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static LdapName newLdapName(String distinguishedName) {
        Assert.notNull(distinguishedName, "distinguishedName must not be null");

        try {
            return new LdapName(distinguishedName);
        } catch (InvalidNameException e) {
            throw convertLdapException(e);
        }
    }


    private static LdapName returnOrConstructLdapNameFromName(Name name) {
        if (name instanceof LdapName) {
            return (LdapName) name;
        } else {
            return newLdapName(name);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Remove the supplied path from the beginning the specified
     * Name if the name instance starts with
     * path. Useful for stripping base path suffix from a
     * Name. The original Name will not be affected.
     *
     * @param dn the dn to strip from.
     * @param pathToRemove the path to remove from the beginning the dn instance.
     * @return an LdapName instance that is a copy of the original name with the
     * specified path stripped from its beginning.
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static LdapName removeFirst(Name dn, Name pathToRemove) {
        Assert.notNull(dn, "dn must not be null");
        Assert.notNull(pathToRemove, "pathToRemove must not be null");

        LdapName result = newLdapName(dn);
        LdapName path = returnOrConstructLdapNameFromName(pathToRemove);

        if(path.size() == 0 || !dn.startsWith(path)) {
            return result;
        }

        for(int i = 0; i < path.size(); i++) {
            try {
                result.remove(0);
            } catch (InvalidNameException e) {
                throw convertLdapException(e);
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Prepend the supplied path in the beginning the specified
     * Name if the name instance starts with
     * path. The original Name will not be affected.
     *
     * @param dn the dn to strip from.
     * @param pathToPrepend the path to prepend in the beginning of the dn.
     * @return an LdapName instance that is a copy of the original name with the
     * specified path inserted at its beginning.
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static LdapName prepend(Name dn, Name pathToPrepend) {
        Assert.notNull(dn, "dn must not be null");
        Assert.notNull(pathToPrepend, "pathToRemove must not be null");

        LdapName result = newLdapName(dn);
        try {
            result.addAll(0, pathToPrepend);
        } catch (InvalidNameException e) {
            throw convertLdapException(e);
        }

        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Construct a new, empty LdapName instance.
     * @return a new LdapName instance representing the empty path ("").
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static LdapName emptyLdapName() {
        return newLdapName("");
    }

    /**
     * Find the Rdn with the requested key in the supplied Name.
     *
     * @param name the Name in which to search for the key.
     * @param key the attribute key to search for.
     * @return the rdn corresponding to the first occurrence of the requested key.
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if no corresponding entry is found.
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static Rdn getRdn(Name name, String key) {
        Assert.notNull(name, "name must not be null");
        Assert.hasText(key, "key must not be blank");

        LdapName ldapName = returnOrConstructLdapNameFromName(name);

        List rdns = ldapName.getRdns();
        for (Rdn rdn : rdns) {
            NamingEnumeration ids = rdn.toAttributes().getIDs();
            while (ids.hasMoreElements()) {
                String id = ids.nextElement();
                if(key.equalsIgnoreCase(id)) {
                    return rdn;
                }
            }
        }

        throw new NoSuchElementException("No Rdn with the requested key: '" + key + "'");
    }

    /**
     * Get the value of the Rdn with the requested key in the supplied Name.
     *
     * @param name the Name in which to search for the key.
     * @param key the attribute key to search for.
     * @return the value of the rdn corresponding to the first occurrence of the requested key.
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if no corresponding entry is found.
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static Object getValue(Name name, String key) {
        NamingEnumeration allAttributes = getRdn(name, key).toAttributes().getAll();
        while (allAttributes.hasMoreElements()) {
            Attribute oneAttribute = allAttributes.nextElement();
            if(key.equalsIgnoreCase(oneAttribute.getID())) {
                try {
                    return oneAttribute.get();
                } catch (javax.naming.NamingException e) {
                    throw convertLdapException(e);
                }
            }
        }

        // This really shouldn't happen
        throw new NoSuchElementException("No Rdn with the requested key: '" + key + "'");
    }

    /**
     * Get the value of the Rdn at the requested index in the supplied Name.
     *
     * @param name the Name to work on.
     * @param index The 0-based index of the rdn value to retrieve. Must be in the range [0,size()).
     * @return the value of the rdn at the requested index.
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if index is outside the specified range.
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static Object getValue(Name name, int index) {
        Assert.notNull(name, "name must not be null");

        LdapName ldapName = returnOrConstructLdapNameFromName(name);
        Rdn rdn = ldapName.getRdn(index);
        if(rdn.size() > 1) {
            LOGGER.warn("Rdn at position " + index + " of dn '" + name +
                    "' is multi-value - returned value is not to be trusted. " +
                    "Consider using name-based getValue method instead");
        }
        return rdn.getValue();
    }

    /**
     * Get the value of the Rdn at the requested index in the supplied Name as a String.
     *
     * @param name the Name to work on.
     * @param index The 0-based index of the rdn value to retrieve. Must be in the range [0,size()).
     * @return the value of the rdn at the requested index as a String.
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if index is outside the specified range.
     * @throws ClassCastException if the value of the requested component is not a String.
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static String getStringValue(Name name, int index) {
        return (String) getValue(name, index);
    }

    /**
     * Get the value of the Rdn with the requested key in the supplied Name as a String.
     *
     * @param name the Name in which to search for the key.
     * @param key the attribute key to search for.
     * @return the String value of the rdn corresponding to the first occurrence of the requested key.
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if no corresponding entry is found.
     * @throws ClassCastException if the value of the requested component is not a String.
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static String getStringValue(Name name, String key) {
        return (String) getValue(name, key);
    }

	/**
	 * Converts a binary SID to its String representation, according to the
	 * algorithm described here. Thanks to Eyal
	 * Lupu for algorithmic inspiration.
	 * 
	 * 
	 * If you have a SID like S-a-b-c-d-e-f-g-...
	 * 
	 * Then the bytes are
	 * a	(revision)
	 * N	(number of dashes minus two)
	 * bbbbbb	(six bytes of "b" treated as a 48-bit number in big-endian format)
	 * cccc	(four bytes of "c" treated as a 32-bit number in little-endian format)
	 * dddd	(four bytes of "d" treated as a 32-bit number in little-endian format)
	 * eeee	(four bytes of "e" treated as a 32-bit number in little-endian format)
	 * ffff	(four bytes of "f" treated as a 32-bit number in little-endian format)
	 * etc.	
	 * 
	 * So for example, if your SID is S-1-5-21-2127521184-1604012920-1887927527-72713, then your raw hex SID is
	 * 
	 * 010500000000000515000000A065CF7E784B9B5FE77C8770091C0100
	 * 
	 * This breaks down as follows:
	 * 01	S-1
	 * 05	(seven dashes, seven minus two = 5)
	 * 000000000005	(5 = 0x000000000005, big-endian)
	 * 15000000	(21 = 0x00000015, little-endian)
	 * A065CF7E	(2127521184 = 0x7ECF65A0, little-endian)
	 * 784B9B5F	(1604012920 = 0x5F9B4B78, little-endian)
	 * E77C8770	(1887927527 = 0X70877CE7, little-endian)
	 * 091C0100	(72713 = 0x00011c09, little-endian)
	 * 
	 * S-1-	version number (SID_REVISION)
	 * -5-	SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY
	 * -21-	SECURITY_NT_NON_UNIQUE
	 * -...-...-...-	these identify the machine that issued the SID
	 * 72713	unique user id on the machine
	 * 

	 * 
	 * @param sid binary SID in byte array format
	 * @return String version of the given sid
	 * @since 1.3.1
	 */
	public static String convertBinarySidToString(byte[] sid) {
		// Add the 'S' prefix
		StringBuffer sidAsString = new StringBuffer("S-");

		// bytes[0] : in the array is the version (must be 1 but might
		// change in the future)
		sidAsString.append(sid[0]).append('-');

		// bytes[2..7] : the Authority
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		for (int t = 2; t <= 7; t++) {
			String hexString = Integer.toHexString(sid[t] & 0xFF);
			sb.append(hexString);
		}
		sidAsString.append(Long.parseLong(sb.toString(), HEX));

		// bytes[1] : the sub authorities count
		int count = sid[1];

		// bytes[8..end] : the sub authorities (these are Integers - notice
		// the endian)
		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
			int currSubAuthOffset = i * 4;
			sb.setLength(0);
			sb.append(toHexString((byte) (sid[11 + currSubAuthOffset] & 0xFF)));
			sb.append(toHexString((byte) (sid[10 + currSubAuthOffset] & 0xFF)));
			sb.append(toHexString((byte) (sid[9 + currSubAuthOffset] & 0xFF)));
			sb.append(toHexString((byte) (sid[8 + currSubAuthOffset] & 0xFF)));

			sidAsString.append('-').append(Long.parseLong(sb.toString(), HEX));
		}

		// That's it - we have the SID
		return sidAsString.toString();
	}
	
	/**
	 * Converts a String SID to its binary representation, according to the
	 * algorithm described here. 
	 * 
	 * @param string SID in readable format
	 * @return Binary version of the given sid
	 * @see LdapUtils#convertBinarySidToString(byte[])
	 * @since 1.3.1
	 */
	public static byte[] convertStringSidToBinary(String string) {
		String[] parts = string.split("-");
		byte sidRevision = (byte) Integer.parseInt(parts[1]);
		int subAuthCount = parts.length - 3;

        byte[] sid = new byte[] {sidRevision, (byte) subAuthCount};
		sid = addAll(sid, numberToBytes(parts[2], 6, true));
		for (int i = 0; i < subAuthCount; i++) {
			sid = addAll(sid, numberToBytes(parts[3 + i], 4, false));
		}
		return sid;
	}

    private static byte[] addAll(byte[] array1, byte[] array2) {
        byte[] joinedArray = new byte[array1.length + array2.length];
        System.arraycopy(array1, 0, joinedArray, 0, array1.length);
        System.arraycopy(array2, 0, joinedArray, array1.length, array2.length);
        return joinedArray;
    }

    /**
	 * Converts the given number to a binary representation of the specified
	 * length and "endian-ness".
	 * 
	 * @param number String with number to convert
	 * @param length How long the resulting binary array should be
	 * @param bigEndian true if big endian (5=0005), or
	 * false if little endian (5=5000)
	 * @return byte array containing the binary result in the given order
	 */
	static byte[] numberToBytes(String number, int length, boolean bigEndian) {
		BigInteger bi = new BigInteger(number);
		byte[] bytes = bi.toByteArray();
		int remaining = length - bytes.length;
		if (remaining < 0) {
			bytes = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, -remaining, bytes.length);
		} else {
			byte[] fill = new byte[remaining];
			bytes = addAll(fill, bytes);
		}
		if (!bigEndian) {
			reverse(bytes);
		}
		return bytes;
	}

    private static void reverse(byte[] array) {
        int i = 0;
        int j = array.length - 1;
        byte tmp;
        while (j > i) {
            tmp = array[j];
            array[j] = array[i];
            array[i] = tmp;
            j--;
            i++;
        }
    }

    /**
	 * Converts a byte into its hexadecimal representation, padding with a
	 * leading zero to get an even number of characters.
	 * 
	 * @param b value to convert
	 * @return hex string, possibly padded with a zero
	 */
	static String toHexString(final byte b) {
		String hexString = Integer.toHexString(b & 0xFF);
		if (hexString.length() % 2 != 0) {
			// Pad with 0
			hexString = "0" + hexString;
		}
		return hexString;
	}

	/**
	 * Converts a byte array into its hexadecimal representation, padding each
	 * with a leading zero to get an even number of characters.
	 * 
	 * @param b values to convert
	 * @return hex string, possibly with elements padded with a zero
	 */
	static String toHexString(final byte[] b) {
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("{");
		for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
			sb.append(toHexString(b[i]));
			if (i < b.length - 1) {
				sb.append(",");
			}
		}
		sb.append("}");
		return sb.toString();
	}
}
 















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