org.springframework.cache.Cache Maven / Gradle / Ivy
/*
* Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.cache;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
/**
* Interface that defines common cache operations.
*
* Serves primarily as an SPI for Spring's annotation-based caching
* model ({@link org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable} and co)
* and secondarily as an API for direct usage in applications.
*
*
Note: Due to the generic use of caching, it is recommended
* that implementations allow storage of {@code null} values
* (for example to cache methods that return {@code null}).
*
* @author Costin Leau
* @author Juergen Hoeller
* @author Stephane Nicoll
* @since 3.1
* @see CacheManager
* @see org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable
*/
public interface Cache {
/**
* Return the cache name.
*/
String getName();
/**
* Return the underlying native cache provider.
*/
Object getNativeCache();
/**
* Return the value to which this cache maps the specified key.
*
Returns {@code null} if the cache contains no mapping for this key;
* otherwise, the cached value (which may be {@code null} itself) will
* be returned in a {@link ValueWrapper}.
* @param key the key whose associated value is to be returned
* @return the value to which this cache maps the specified key,
* contained within a {@link ValueWrapper} which may also hold
* a cached {@code null} value. A straight {@code null} being
* returned means that the cache contains no mapping for this key.
* @see #get(Object, Class)
* @see #get(Object, Callable)
*/
@Nullable
ValueWrapper get(Object key);
/**
* Return the value to which this cache maps the specified key,
* generically specifying a type that return value will be cast to.
*
Note: This variant of {@code get} does not allow for differentiating
* between a cached {@code null} value and no cache entry found at all.
* Use the standard {@link #get(Object)} variant for that purpose instead.
* @param key the key whose associated value is to be returned
* @param type the required type of the returned value (may be
* {@code null} to bypass a type check; in case of a {@code null}
* value found in the cache, the specified type is irrelevant)
* @return the value to which this cache maps the specified key
* (which may be {@code null} itself), or also {@code null} if
* the cache contains no mapping for this key
* @throws IllegalStateException if a cache entry has been found
* but failed to match the specified type
* @since 4.0
* @see #get(Object)
*/
@Nullable
T get(Object key, @Nullable Class type);
/**
* Return the value to which this cache maps the specified key, obtaining
* that value from {@code valueLoader} if necessary. This method provides
* a simple substitute for the conventional "if cached, return; otherwise
* create, cache and return" pattern.
* If possible, implementations should ensure that the loading operation
* is synchronized so that the specified {@code valueLoader} is only called
* once in case of concurrent access on the same key.
*
If the {@code valueLoader} throws an exception, it is wrapped in
* a {@link ValueRetrievalException}
* @param key the key whose associated value is to be returned
* @return the value to which this cache maps the specified key
* @throws ValueRetrievalException if the {@code valueLoader} throws an exception
* @since 4.3
* @see #get(Object)
*/
@Nullable
T get(Object key, Callable valueLoader);
/**
* Return the value to which this cache maps the specified key,
* wrapped in a {@link CompletableFuture}. This operation must not block
* but is allowed to return a completed {@link CompletableFuture} if the
* corresponding value is immediately available.
* Can return {@code null} if the cache can immediately determine that
* it contains no mapping for this key (e.g. through an in-memory key map).
* Otherwise, the cached value will be returned in the {@link CompletableFuture},
* with {@code null} indicating a late-determined cache miss. A nested
* {@link ValueWrapper} potentially indicates a nullable cached value;
* the cached value may also be represented as a plain element if null
* values are not supported. Calling code needs to be prepared to handle
* all those variants of the result returned by this method.
* @param key the key whose associated value is to be returned
* @return the value to which this cache maps the specified key, contained
* within a {@link CompletableFuture} which may also be empty when a cache
* miss has been late-determined. A straight {@code null} being returned
* means that the cache immediately determined that it contains no mapping
* for this key. A {@link ValueWrapper} contained within the
* {@code CompletableFuture} indicates a cached value that is potentially
* {@code null}; this is sensible in a late-determined scenario where a regular
* CompletableFuture-contained {@code null} indicates a cache miss. However,
* a cache may also return a plain value if it does not support the actual
* caching of {@code null} values, avoiding the extra level of value wrapping.
* Spring's cache processing can deal with all such implementation strategies.
* @since 6.1
* @see #retrieve(Object, Supplier)
*/
@Nullable
default CompletableFuture retrieve(Object key) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
getClass().getName() + " does not support CompletableFuture-based retrieval");
}
/**
* Return the value to which this cache maps the specified key, obtaining
* that value from {@code valueLoader} if necessary. This method provides
* a simple substitute for the conventional "if cached, return; otherwise
* create, cache and return" pattern, based on {@link CompletableFuture}.
* This operation must not block.
*
If possible, implementations should ensure that the loading operation
* is synchronized so that the specified {@code valueLoader} is only called
* once in case of concurrent access on the same key.
*
Null values always indicate a user-level {@code null} value with this
* method. The provided {@link CompletableFuture} handle produces a value
* or raises an exception. If the {@code valueLoader} raises an exception,
* it will be propagated to the returned {@code CompletableFuture} handle.
* @param key the key whose associated value is to be returned
* @return the value to which this cache maps the specified key, contained
* within a {@link CompletableFuture} which will never be {@code null}.
* The provided future is expected to produce a value or raise an exception.
* @since 6.1
* @see #retrieve(Object)
* @see #get(Object, Callable)
*/
default CompletableFuture retrieve(Object key, Supplier> valueLoader) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
getClass().getName() + " does not support CompletableFuture-based retrieval");
}
/**
* Associate the specified value with the specified key in this cache.
* If the cache previously contained a mapping for this key, the old
* value is replaced by the specified value.
*
Actual registration may be performed in an asynchronous or deferred
* fashion, with subsequent lookups possibly not seeing the entry yet.
* This may for example be the case with transactional cache decorators.
* Use {@link #putIfAbsent} for guaranteed immediate registration.
*
If the cache is supposed to be compatible with {@link CompletableFuture}
* and reactive interactions, the put operation needs to be effectively
* non-blocking, with any backend write-through happening asynchronously.
* This goes along with a cache implemented and configured to support
* {@link #retrieve(Object)} and {@link #retrieve(Object, Supplier)}.
* @param key the key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param value the value to be associated with the specified key
* @see #putIfAbsent(Object, Object)
*/
void put(Object key, @Nullable Object value);
/**
* Atomically associate the specified value with the specified key in this cache
* if it is not set already.
*
This is equivalent to:
*
* ValueWrapper existingValue = cache.get(key);
* if (existingValue == null) {
* cache.put(key, value);
* }
* return existingValue;
*
* except that the action is performed atomically. While all out-of-the-box
* {@link CacheManager} implementations are able to perform the put atomically,
* the operation may also be implemented in two steps, e.g. with a check for
* presence and a subsequent put, in a non-atomic way. Check the documentation
* of the native cache implementation that you are using for more details.
* The default implementation delegates to {@link #get(Object)} and
* {@link #put(Object, Object)} along the lines of the code snippet above.
* @param key the key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param value the value to be associated with the specified key
* @return the value to which this cache maps the specified key (which may be
* {@code null} itself), or also {@code null} if the cache did not contain any
* mapping for that key prior to this call. Returning {@code null} is therefore
* an indicator that the given {@code value} has been associated with the key.
* @since 4.1
* @see #put(Object, Object)
*/
@Nullable
default ValueWrapper putIfAbsent(Object key, @Nullable Object value) {
ValueWrapper existingValue = get(key);
if (existingValue == null) {
put(key, value);
}
return existingValue;
}
/**
* Evict the mapping for this key from this cache if it is present.
*
Actual eviction may be performed in an asynchronous or deferred
* fashion, with subsequent lookups possibly still seeing the entry.
* This may for example be the case with transactional cache decorators.
* Use {@link #evictIfPresent} for guaranteed immediate removal.
*
If the cache is supposed to be compatible with {@link CompletableFuture}
* and reactive interactions, the evict operation needs to be effectively
* non-blocking, with any backend write-through happening asynchronously.
* This goes along with a cache implemented and configured to support
* {@link #retrieve(Object)} and {@link #retrieve(Object, Supplier)}.
* @param key the key whose mapping is to be removed from the cache
* @see #evictIfPresent(Object)
*/
void evict(Object key);
/**
* Evict the mapping for this key from this cache if it is present,
* expecting the key to be immediately invisible for subsequent lookups.
*
The default implementation delegates to {@link #evict(Object)},
* returning {@code false} for not-determined prior presence of the key.
* Cache providers and in particular cache decorators are encouraged
* to perform immediate eviction if possible (e.g. in case of generally
* deferred cache operations within a transaction) and to reliably
* determine prior presence of the given key.
* @param key the key whose mapping is to be removed from the cache
* @return {@code true} if the cache was known to have a mapping for
* this key before, {@code false} if it did not (or if prior presence
* could not be determined)
* @since 5.2
* @see #evict(Object)
*/
default boolean evictIfPresent(Object key) {
evict(key);
return false;
}
/**
* Clear the cache through removing all mappings.
*
Actual clearing may be performed in an asynchronous or deferred
* fashion, with subsequent lookups possibly still seeing the entries.
* This may for example be the case with transactional cache decorators.
* Use {@link #invalidate()} for guaranteed immediate removal of entries.
*
If the cache is supposed to be compatible with {@link CompletableFuture}
* and reactive interactions, the clear operation needs to be effectively
* non-blocking, with any backend write-through happening asynchronously.
* This goes along with a cache implemented and configured to support
* {@link #retrieve(Object)} and {@link #retrieve(Object, Supplier)}.
* @see #invalidate()
*/
void clear();
/**
* Invalidate the cache through removing all mappings, expecting all
* entries to be immediately invisible for subsequent lookups.
* @return {@code true} if the cache was known to have mappings before,
* {@code false} if it did not (or if prior presence of entries could
* not be determined)
* @since 5.2
* @see #clear()
*/
default boolean invalidate() {
clear();
return false;
}
/**
* A (wrapper) object representing a cache value.
*/
@FunctionalInterface
interface ValueWrapper {
/**
* Return the actual value in the cache.
*/
@Nullable
Object get();
}
/**
* Wrapper exception to be thrown from {@link #get(Object, Callable)}
* in case of the value loader callback failing with an exception.
* @since 4.3
*/
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
class ValueRetrievalException extends RuntimeException {
@Nullable
private final Object key;
public ValueRetrievalException(@Nullable Object key, Callable loader, Throwable ex) {
super(String.format("Value for key '%s' could not be loaded using '%s'", key, loader), ex);
this.key = key;
}
@Nullable
public Object getKey() {
return this.key;
}
}
}