org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition Maven / Gradle / Ivy
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* Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.transaction;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
/**
* Interface that defines Spring-compliant transaction properties.
* Based on the propagation behavior definitions analogous to EJB CMT attributes.
*
* Note that isolation level and timeout settings will not get applied unless
* an actual new transaction gets started. As only {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRED},
* {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW}, and {@link #PROPAGATION_NESTED} can cause
* that, it usually doesn't make sense to specify those settings in other cases.
* Furthermore, be aware that not all transaction managers will support those
* advanced features and thus might throw corresponding exceptions when given
* non-default values.
*
*
The {@linkplain #isReadOnly() read-only flag} applies to any transaction context,
* whether backed by an actual resource transaction or operating non-transactionally
* at the resource level. In the latter case, the flag will only apply to managed
* resources within the application, such as a Hibernate {@code Session}.
*
* @author Juergen Hoeller
* @since 08.05.2003
* @see PlatformTransactionManager#getTransaction(TransactionDefinition)
* @see org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute
*/
public interface TransactionDefinition {
/**
* Support a current transaction; create a new one if none exists.
* Analogous to the EJB transaction attribute of the same name.
*
This is typically the default setting of a transaction definition
* and typically defines a transaction synchronization scope.
*/
int PROPAGATION_REQUIRED = 0;
/**
* Support a current transaction; execute non-transactionally if none exists.
* Analogous to the EJB transaction attribute of the same name.
*
NOTE: For transaction managers with transaction synchronization,
* {@code PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS} is slightly different from no transaction
* at all, as it defines a transaction scope that synchronization might apply to.
* As a consequence, the same resources (a JDBC {@code Connection}, a
* Hibernate {@code Session}, etc) will be shared for the entire specified
* scope. Note that the exact behavior depends on the actual synchronization
* configuration of the transaction manager.
*
In general, use {@code PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS} with care. In particular, do
* not rely on {@code PROPAGATION_REQUIRED} or {@code PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW}
* within a {@code PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS} scope (which may lead to
* synchronization conflicts at runtime). If such nesting is unavoidable, make sure
* to configure your transaction manager appropriately (typically switching to
* "synchronization on actual transaction").
* @see org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager#setTransactionSynchronization
* @see org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager#SYNCHRONIZATION_ON_ACTUAL_TRANSACTION
*/
int PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS = 1;
/**
* Support a current transaction; throw an exception if no current transaction
* exists. Analogous to the EJB transaction attribute of the same name.
*
Note that transaction synchronization within a {@code PROPAGATION_MANDATORY}
* scope will always be driven by the surrounding transaction.
*/
int PROPAGATION_MANDATORY = 2;
/**
* Create a new transaction, suspending the current transaction if one exists.
* Analogous to the EJB transaction attribute of the same name.
*
NOTE: Actual transaction suspension will not work out-of-the-box
* on all transaction managers. This in particular applies to
* {@link org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager},
* which requires the {@code jakarta.transaction.TransactionManager} to be
* made available to it (which is server-specific in standard Jakarta EE).
*
A {@code PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW} scope always defines its own
* transaction synchronizations. Existing synchronizations will be suspended
* and resumed appropriately.
* @see org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager#setTransactionManager
*/
int PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW = 3;
/**
* Do not support a current transaction; rather always execute non-transactionally.
* Analogous to the EJB transaction attribute of the same name.
*
NOTE: Actual transaction suspension will not work out-of-the-box
* on all transaction managers. This in particular applies to
* {@link org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager},
* which requires the {@code jakarta.transaction.TransactionManager} to be
* made available to it (which is server-specific in standard Jakarta EE).
*
Note that transaction synchronization is not available within a
* {@code PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED} scope. Existing synchronizations
* will be suspended and resumed appropriately.
* @see org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager#setTransactionManager
*/
int PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4;
/**
* Do not support a current transaction; throw an exception if a current transaction
* exists. Analogous to the EJB transaction attribute of the same name.
*
Note that transaction synchronization is not available within a
* {@code PROPAGATION_NEVER} scope.
*/
int PROPAGATION_NEVER = 5;
/**
* Execute within a nested transaction if a current transaction exists,
* behaving like {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRED} otherwise. There is no
* analogous feature in EJB.
*
NOTE: Actual creation of a nested transaction will only work on
* specific transaction managers. Out of the box, this only applies to the JDBC
* {@link org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager}
* when working on a JDBC 3.0+ driver. Some JTA providers might support
* nested transactions as well.
* @see org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager
*/
int PROPAGATION_NESTED = 6;
/**
* Use the default isolation level of the underlying datastore.
*
All other levels correspond to the JDBC isolation levels.
* @see java.sql.Connection
*/
int ISOLATION_DEFAULT = -1;
/**
* Indicates that dirty reads, non-repeatable reads, and phantom reads
* can occur.
*
This level allows a row changed by one transaction to be read by another
* transaction before any changes in that row have been committed (a "dirty read").
* If any of the changes are rolled back, the second transaction will have
* retrieved an invalid row.
* @see java.sql.Connection#TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED
*/
int ISOLATION_READ_UNCOMMITTED = 1; // same as java.sql.Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED;
/**
* Indicates that dirty reads are prevented; non-repeatable reads and
* phantom reads can occur.
*
This level only prohibits a transaction from reading a row with uncommitted
* changes in it.
* @see java.sql.Connection#TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED
*/
int ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED = 2; // same as java.sql.Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED;
/**
* Indicates that dirty reads and non-repeatable reads are prevented;
* phantom reads can occur.
*
This level prohibits a transaction from reading a row with uncommitted changes
* in it, and it also prohibits the situation where one transaction reads a row,
* a second transaction alters the row, and the first transaction re-reads the row,
* getting different values the second time (a "non-repeatable read").
* @see java.sql.Connection#TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
*/
int ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ = 4; // same as java.sql.Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ;
/**
* Indicates that dirty reads, non-repeatable reads, and phantom reads
* are prevented.
*
This level includes the prohibitions in {@link #ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ}
* and further prohibits the situation where one transaction reads all rows that
* satisfy a {@code WHERE} condition, a second transaction inserts a row
* that satisfies that {@code WHERE} condition, and the first transaction
* re-reads for the same condition, retrieving the additional "phantom" row
* in the second read.
* @see java.sql.Connection#TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE
*/
int ISOLATION_SERIALIZABLE = 8; // same as java.sql.Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE;
/**
* Use the default timeout of the underlying transaction system,
* or none if timeouts are not supported.
*/
int TIMEOUT_DEFAULT = -1;
/**
* Return the propagation behavior.
*
Must return one of the {@code PROPAGATION_XXX} constants
* defined on {@link TransactionDefinition this interface}.
*
The default is {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRED}.
* @return the propagation behavior
* @see #PROPAGATION_REQUIRED
* @see org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager#isActualTransactionActive()
*/
default int getPropagationBehavior() {
return PROPAGATION_REQUIRED;
}
/**
* Return the isolation level.
*
Must return one of the {@code ISOLATION_XXX} constants defined on
* {@link TransactionDefinition this interface}. Those constants are designed
* to match the values of the same constants on {@link java.sql.Connection}.
*
Exclusively designed for use with {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRED} or
* {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW} since it only applies to newly started
* transactions. Consider switching the "validateExistingTransactions" flag to
* "true" on your transaction manager if you'd like isolation level declarations
* to get rejected when participating in an existing transaction with a different
* isolation level.
*
The default is {@link #ISOLATION_DEFAULT}. Note that a transaction manager
* that does not support custom isolation levels will throw an exception when
* given any other level than {@link #ISOLATION_DEFAULT}.
* @return the isolation level
* @see #ISOLATION_DEFAULT
* @see org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager#setValidateExistingTransaction
*/
default int getIsolationLevel() {
return ISOLATION_DEFAULT;
}
/**
* Return the transaction timeout.
*
Must return a number of seconds, or {@link #TIMEOUT_DEFAULT}.
*
Exclusively designed for use with {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRED} or
* {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW} since it only applies to newly started
* transactions.
*
Note that a transaction manager that does not support timeouts will throw
* an exception when given any other timeout than {@link #TIMEOUT_DEFAULT}.
*
The default is {@link #TIMEOUT_DEFAULT}.
* @return the transaction timeout
*/
default int getTimeout() {
return TIMEOUT_DEFAULT;
}
/**
* Return whether to optimize as a read-only transaction.
*
The read-only flag applies to any transaction context, whether backed
* by an actual resource transaction ({@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRED}/
* {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW}) or operating non-transactionally at
* the resource level ({@link #PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS}). In the latter case,
* the flag will only apply to managed resources within the application,
* such as a Hibernate {@code Session}.
*
This just serves as a hint for the actual transaction subsystem;
* it will not necessarily cause failure of write access attempts.
* A transaction manager which cannot interpret the read-only hint will
* not throw an exception when asked for a read-only transaction.
* @return {@code true} if the transaction is to be optimized as read-only
* ({@code false} by default)
* @see org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronization#beforeCommit(boolean)
* @see org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager#isCurrentTransactionReadOnly()
*/
default boolean isReadOnly() {
return false;
}
/**
* Return the name of this transaction. Can be {@code null}.
*
This will be used as the transaction name to be shown in a
* transaction monitor, if applicable.
*
In case of Spring's declarative transactions, the exposed name will be
* the {@code fully-qualified class name + "." + method name} (by default).
* @return the name of this transaction ({@code null} by default}
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport
* @see org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager#getCurrentTransactionName()
*/
@Nullable
default String getName() {
return null;
}
// Static builder methods
/**
* Return an unmodifiable {@code TransactionDefinition} with defaults.
*
For customization purposes, use the modifiable
* {@link org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition}
* instead.
* @since 5.2
*/
static TransactionDefinition withDefaults() {
return StaticTransactionDefinition.INSTANCE;
}
}