org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional Maven / Gradle / Ivy
/*
* Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.transaction.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import org.springframework.aot.hint.annotation.Reflective;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
/**
* Describes a transaction attribute on an individual method or on a class.
*
* When this annotation is declared at the class level, it applies as a default
* to all methods of the declaring class and its subclasses. Note that it does not
* apply to ancestor classes up the class hierarchy; inherited methods need to be
* locally redeclared in order to participate in a subclass-level annotation. For
* details on method visibility constraints, consult the
* Transaction Management
* section of the reference manual.
*
*
This annotation is generally directly comparable to Spring's
* {@link org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RuleBasedTransactionAttribute}
* class, and in fact {@link AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource} will directly
* convert this annotation's attributes to properties in {@code RuleBasedTransactionAttribute},
* so that Spring's transaction support code does not have to know about annotations.
*
*
Attribute Semantics
*
* If no custom rollback rules are configured in this annotation, the transaction
* will roll back on {@link RuntimeException} and {@link Error} but not on checked
* exceptions.
*
*
Rollback rules determine if a transaction should be rolled back when a given
* exception is thrown, and the rules are based on types or patterns. Custom
* rules may be configured via {@link #rollbackFor}/{@link #noRollbackFor} and
* {@link #rollbackForClassName}/{@link #noRollbackForClassName}, which allow
* rules to be specified as types or patterns, respectively.
*
*
When a rollback rule is defined with an exception type, that type will be
* used to match against the type of a thrown exception and its super types,
* providing type safety and avoiding any unintentional matches that may occur
* when using a pattern. For example, a value of
* {@code jakarta.servlet.ServletException.class} will only match thrown exceptions
* of type {@code jakarta.servlet.ServletException} and its subclasses.
*
*
When a rollback rule is defined with an exception pattern, the pattern can
* be a fully qualified class name or a substring of a fully qualified class name
* for an exception type (which must be a subclass of {@code Throwable}), with no
* wildcard support at present. For example, a value of
* {@code "jakarta.servlet.ServletException"} or {@code "ServletException"} will
* match {@code jakarta.servlet.ServletException} and its subclasses.
*
*
WARNING: You must carefully consider how specific a pattern
* is and whether to include package information (which isn't mandatory). For example,
* {@code "Exception"} will match nearly anything and will probably hide other
* rules. {@code "java.lang.Exception"} would be correct if {@code "Exception"}
* were meant to define a rule for all checked exceptions. With more unique
* exception names such as {@code "BaseBusinessException"} there is likely no
* need to use the fully qualified class name for the exception pattern. Furthermore,
* rollback rules defined via patterns may result in unintentional matches for
* similarly named exceptions and nested classes. This is due to the fact that a
* thrown exception is considered to be a match for a given pattern-based rollback
* rule if the name of thrown exception contains the exception pattern configured
* for the rollback rule. For example, given a rule configured to match against
* {@code "com.example.CustomException"}, that rule will match against an exception
* named {@code com.example.CustomExceptionV2} (an exception in the same package as
* {@code CustomException} but with an additional suffix) or an exception named
* {@code com.example.CustomException$AnotherException} (an exception declared as
* a nested class in {@code CustomException}).
*
*
For specific information about the semantics of other attributes in this
* annotation, consult the {@link org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition}
* and {@link org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute} javadocs.
*
*
Transaction Management
*
* This annotation commonly works with thread-bound transactions managed by a
* {@link org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager}, exposing a
* transaction to all data access operations within the current execution thread.
* Note: This does NOT propagate to newly started threads within the method.
*
*
Alternatively, this annotation may demarcate a reactive transaction managed
* by a {@link org.springframework.transaction.ReactiveTransactionManager} which
* uses the Reactor context instead of thread-local variables. As a consequence,
* all participating data access operations need to execute within the same
* Reactor context in the same reactive pipeline.
*
*
Note: When configured with a {@code ReactiveTransactionManager}, all
* transaction-demarcated methods are expected to return a reactive pipeline.
* Void methods or regular return types need to be associated with a regular
* {@code PlatformTransactionManager}, for example, through {@link #transactionManager()}.
*
* @author Colin Sampaleanu
* @author Juergen Hoeller
* @author Sam Brannen
* @author Mark Paluch
* @since 1.2
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.DefaultTransactionAttribute
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RuleBasedTransactionAttribute
*/
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
@Documented
@Reflective
public @interface Transactional {
/**
* Alias for {@link #transactionManager}.
* @see #transactionManager
*/
@AliasFor("transactionManager")
String value() default "";
/**
* A qualifier value for the specified transaction.
*
May be used to determine the target transaction manager, matching the
* qualifier value (or the bean name) of a specific
* {@link org.springframework.transaction.TransactionManager TransactionManager}
* bean definition.
*
Alternatively, as of 6.2, a type-level bean qualifier annotation with a
* {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier#value() qualifier value}
* is also taken into account. If it matches the qualifier value (or bean name)
* of a specific transaction manager, that transaction manager is going to be used
* for transaction definitions without a specific qualifier on this attribute here.
* Such a type-level qualifier can be declared on the concrete class, applying
* to transaction definitions from a base class as well, effectively overriding
* the default transaction manager choice for any unqualified base class methods.
* @since 4.2
* @see #value
* @see org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager
* @see org.springframework.transaction.ReactiveTransactionManager
*/
@AliasFor("value")
String transactionManager() default "";
/**
* Defines zero (0) or more transaction labels.
*
Labels may be used to describe a transaction, and they can be evaluated
* by individual transaction managers. Labels may serve a solely descriptive
* purpose or map to pre-defined transaction manager-specific options.
*
See the documentation of the actual transaction manager implementation
* for details on how it evaluates transaction labels.
* @since 5.3
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.DefaultTransactionAttribute#getLabels()
*/
String[] label() default {};
/**
* The transaction propagation type.
*
Defaults to {@link Propagation#REQUIRED}.
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute#getPropagationBehavior()
*/
Propagation propagation() default Propagation.REQUIRED;
/**
* The transaction isolation level.
*
Defaults to {@link Isolation#DEFAULT}.
*
Exclusively designed for use with {@link Propagation#REQUIRED} or
* {@link Propagation#REQUIRES_NEW} since it only applies to newly started
* transactions. Consider switching the "validateExistingTransactions" flag to
* "true" on your transaction manager if you'd like isolation level declarations
* to get rejected when participating in an existing transaction with a different
* isolation level.
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute#getIsolationLevel()
* @see org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager#setValidateExistingTransaction
*/
Isolation isolation() default Isolation.DEFAULT;
/**
* The timeout for this transaction (in seconds).
*
Defaults to the default timeout of the underlying transaction system.
*
Exclusively designed for use with {@link Propagation#REQUIRED} or
* {@link Propagation#REQUIRES_NEW} since it only applies to newly started
* transactions.
* @return the timeout in seconds
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute#getTimeout()
*/
int timeout() default TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT;
/**
* The timeout for this transaction (in seconds).
*
Defaults to the default timeout of the underlying transaction system.
*
Exclusively designed for use with {@link Propagation#REQUIRED} or
* {@link Propagation#REQUIRES_NEW} since it only applies to newly started
* transactions.
* @return the timeout in seconds as a String value, for example, a placeholder
* @since 5.3
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute#getTimeout()
*/
String timeoutString() default "";
/**
* A boolean flag that can be set to {@code true} if the transaction is
* effectively read-only, allowing for corresponding optimizations at runtime.
*
Defaults to {@code false}.
*
This just serves as a hint for the actual transaction subsystem;
* it will not necessarily cause failure of write access attempts.
* A transaction manager which cannot interpret the read-only hint will
* not throw an exception when asked for a read-only transaction
* but rather silently ignore the hint.
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute#isReadOnly()
* @see org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager#isCurrentTransactionReadOnly()
*/
boolean readOnly() default false;
/**
* Defines zero (0) or more exception {@linkplain Class types}, which must be
* subclasses of {@link Throwable}, indicating which exception types must cause
* a transaction rollback.
*
By default, a transaction will be rolled back on {@link RuntimeException}
* and {@link Error} but not on checked exceptions (business exceptions). See
* {@link org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.DefaultTransactionAttribute#rollbackOn(Throwable)}
* for a detailed explanation.
*
This is the preferred way to construct a rollback rule (in contrast to
* {@link #rollbackForClassName}), matching the exception type and its subclasses
* in a type-safe manner. See the {@linkplain Transactional class-level javadocs}
* for further details on rollback rule semantics.
* @see #rollbackForClassName
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RollbackRuleAttribute#RollbackRuleAttribute(Class)
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.DefaultTransactionAttribute#rollbackOn(Throwable)
*/
Class[] rollbackFor() default {};
/**
* Defines zero (0) or more exception name patterns (for exceptions which must be a
* subclass of {@link Throwable}), indicating which exception types must cause
* a transaction rollback.
*
See the {@linkplain Transactional class-level javadocs} for further details
* on rollback rule semantics, patterns, and warnings regarding possible
* unintentional matches.
* @see #rollbackFor
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RollbackRuleAttribute#RollbackRuleAttribute(String)
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.DefaultTransactionAttribute#rollbackOn(Throwable)
*/
String[] rollbackForClassName() default {};
/**
* Defines zero (0) or more exception {@link Class types}, which must be
* subclasses of {@link Throwable}, indicating which exception types must
* not cause a transaction rollback.
*
This is the preferred way to construct a rollback rule (in contrast to
* {@link #noRollbackForClassName}), matching the exception type and its subclasses
* in a type-safe manner. See the {@linkplain Transactional class-level javadocs}
* for further details on rollback rule semantics.
* @see #noRollbackForClassName
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.NoRollbackRuleAttribute#NoRollbackRuleAttribute(Class)
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.DefaultTransactionAttribute#rollbackOn(Throwable)
*/
Class[] noRollbackFor() default {};
/**
* Defines zero (0) or more exception name patterns (for exceptions which must be a
* subclass of {@link Throwable}) indicating which exception types must not
* cause a transaction rollback.
*
See the {@linkplain Transactional class-level javadocs} for further details
* on rollback rule semantics, patterns, and warnings regarding possible
* unintentional matches.
* @see #noRollbackFor
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.NoRollbackRuleAttribute#NoRollbackRuleAttribute(String)
* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.DefaultTransactionAttribute#rollbackOn(Throwable)
*/
String[] noRollbackForClassName() default {};
}