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/*
* Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.web.util;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
/**
* Utility methods for URI encoding and decoding based on RFC 3986.
*
* There are two types of encode methods:
*
* - {@code "encodeXyz"} -- these encode a specific URI component (for example, path,
* query) by percent encoding illegal characters, which includes non-US-ASCII
* characters, and also characters that are otherwise illegal within the given
* URI component type, as defined in RFC 3986. The effect of this method, with
* regards to encoding, is comparable to using the multi-argument constructor
* of {@link URI}.
*
- {@code "encode"} and {@code "encodeUriVariables"} -- these can be used
* to encode URI variable values by percent encoding all characters that are
* either illegal, or have any reserved meaning, anywhere within a URI.
*
*
* @author Arjen Poutsma
* @author Juergen Hoeller
* @author Rossen Stoyanchev
* @since 3.0
* @see RFC 3986
*/
public abstract class UriUtils {
/**
* Encode the given URI scheme with the given encoding.
* @param scheme the scheme to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded scheme
*/
public static String encodeScheme(String scheme, String encoding) {
return encode(scheme, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.SCHEME);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI scheme with the given encoding.
* @param scheme the scheme to be encoded
* @param charset the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded scheme
* @since 5.0
*/
public static String encodeScheme(String scheme, Charset charset) {
return encode(scheme, charset, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.SCHEME);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI authority with the given encoding.
* @param authority the authority to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded authority
*/
public static String encodeAuthority(String authority, String encoding) {
return encode(authority, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.AUTHORITY);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI authority with the given encoding.
* @param authority the authority to be encoded
* @param charset the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded authority
* @since 5.0
*/
public static String encodeAuthority(String authority, Charset charset) {
return encode(authority, charset, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.AUTHORITY);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI user info with the given encoding.
* @param userInfo the user info to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded user info
*/
public static String encodeUserInfo(String userInfo, String encoding) {
return encode(userInfo, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.USER_INFO);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI user info with the given encoding.
* @param userInfo the user info to be encoded
* @param charset the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded user info
* @since 5.0
*/
public static String encodeUserInfo(String userInfo, Charset charset) {
return encode(userInfo, charset, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.USER_INFO);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI host with the given encoding.
* @param host the host to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded host
*/
public static String encodeHost(String host, String encoding) {
return encode(host, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.HOST_IPV4);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI host with the given encoding.
* @param host the host to be encoded
* @param charset the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded host
* @since 5.0
*/
public static String encodeHost(String host, Charset charset) {
return encode(host, charset, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.HOST_IPV4);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI port with the given encoding.
* @param port the port to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded port
*/
public static String encodePort(String port, String encoding) {
return encode(port, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.PORT);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI port with the given encoding.
* @param port the port to be encoded
* @param charset the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded port
* @since 5.0
*/
public static String encodePort(String port, Charset charset) {
return encode(port, charset, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.PORT);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI path with the given encoding.
* @param path the path to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded path
*/
public static String encodePath(String path, String encoding) {
return encode(path, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.PATH);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI path with the given encoding.
* @param path the path to be encoded
* @param charset the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded path
* @since 5.0
*/
public static String encodePath(String path, Charset charset) {
return encode(path, charset, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.PATH);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI path segment with the given encoding.
* @param segment the segment to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded segment
*/
public static String encodePathSegment(String segment, String encoding) {
return encode(segment, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.PATH_SEGMENT);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI path segment with the given encoding.
* @param segment the segment to be encoded
* @param charset the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded segment
* @since 5.0
*/
public static String encodePathSegment(String segment, Charset charset) {
return encode(segment, charset, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.PATH_SEGMENT);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI query with the given encoding.
* @param query the query to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded query
*/
public static String encodeQuery(String query, String encoding) {
return encode(query, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.QUERY);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI query with the given encoding.
* @param query the query to be encoded
* @param charset the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded query
* @since 5.0
*/
public static String encodeQuery(String query, Charset charset) {
return encode(query, charset, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.QUERY);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI query parameter with the given encoding.
* @param queryParam the query parameter to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded query parameter
*/
public static String encodeQueryParam(String queryParam, String encoding) {
return encode(queryParam, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.QUERY_PARAM);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI query parameter with the given encoding.
* @param queryParam the query parameter to be encoded
* @param charset the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded query parameter
* @since 5.0
*/
public static String encodeQueryParam(String queryParam, Charset charset) {
return encode(queryParam, charset, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.QUERY_PARAM);
}
/**
* Encode the query parameters from the given {@code MultiValueMap} with UTF-8.
* This can be used with {@link UriComponentsBuilder#queryParams(MultiValueMap)}
* when building a URI from an already encoded template.
*
{@code
* MultiValueMap params = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>(2);
* // add to params...
*
* ServletUriComponentsBuilder.fromCurrentRequest()
* .queryParams(UriUtils.encodeQueryParams(params))
* .build(true)
* .toUriString();
* }
* @param params the parameters to encode
* @return a new {@code MultiValueMap} with the encoded names and values
* @since 5.2.3
*/
public static MultiValueMap encodeQueryParams(MultiValueMap params) {
Charset charset = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
MultiValueMap result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>(params.size());
for (Map.Entry> entry : params.entrySet()) {
for (String value : entry.getValue()) {
result.add(encodeQueryParam(entry.getKey(), charset), encodeQueryParam(value, charset));
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* Encode the given URI fragment with the given encoding.
* @param fragment the fragment to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded fragment
*/
public static String encodeFragment(String fragment, String encoding) {
return encode(fragment, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.FRAGMENT);
}
/**
* Encode the given URI fragment with the given encoding.
* @param fragment the fragment to be encoded
* @param charset the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded fragment
* @since 5.0
*/
public static String encodeFragment(String fragment, Charset charset) {
return encode(fragment, charset, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.FRAGMENT);
}
/**
* Variant of {@link #encode(String, Charset)} with a String charset.
* @param source the String to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded String
*/
public static String encode(String source, String encoding) {
return encode(source, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.URI);
}
/**
* Encode all characters that are either illegal, or have any reserved
* meaning, anywhere within a URI, as defined in
* RFC 3986.
* This is useful to ensure that the given String will be preserved as-is
* and will not have any impact on the structure or meaning of the URI.
* @param source the String to be encoded
* @param charset the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded String
* @since 5.0
*/
public static String encode(String source, Charset charset) {
return encode(source, charset, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.URI);
}
/**
* Convenience method to apply {@link #encode(String, Charset)} to all
* given URI variable values.
* @param uriVariables the URI variable values to be encoded
* @return the encoded String
* @since 5.0
*/
public static Map encodeUriVariables(Map uriVariables) {
Map result = CollectionUtils.newLinkedHashMap(uriVariables.size());
uriVariables.forEach((key, value) -> {
String stringValue = (value != null ? value.toString() : "");
result.put(key, encode(stringValue, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
});
return result;
}
/**
* Convenience method to apply {@link #encode(String, Charset)} to all
* given URI variable values.
* @param uriVariables the URI variable values to be encoded
* @return the encoded String
* @since 5.0
*/
public static Object[] encodeUriVariables(Object... uriVariables) {
return Arrays.stream(uriVariables)
.map(value -> {
String stringValue = (value != null ? value.toString() : "");
return encode(stringValue, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
})
.toArray();
}
private static String encode(String scheme, String encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type type) {
return HierarchicalUriComponents.encodeUriComponent(scheme, encoding, type);
}
private static String encode(String scheme, Charset charset, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type type) {
return HierarchicalUriComponents.encodeUriComponent(scheme, charset, type);
}
/**
* Decode the given encoded URI component.
* See {@link StringUtils#uriDecode(String, Charset)} for the decoding rules.
* @param source the encoded String
* @param encoding the character encoding to use
* @return the decoded value
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when the given source contains invalid encoded sequences
* @see StringUtils#uriDecode(String, Charset)
* @see java.net.URLDecoder#decode(String, String)
*/
public static String decode(String source, String encoding) {
return StringUtils.uriDecode(source, Charset.forName(encoding));
}
/**
* Decode the given encoded URI component.
*
See {@link StringUtils#uriDecode(String, Charset)} for the decoding rules.
* @param source the encoded String
* @param charset the character encoding to use
* @return the decoded value
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when the given source contains invalid encoded sequences
* @since 5.0
* @see StringUtils#uriDecode(String, Charset)
* @see java.net.URLDecoder#decode(String, String)
*/
public static String decode(String source, Charset charset) {
return StringUtils.uriDecode(source, charset);
}
/**
* Extract the file extension from the given URI path.
* @param path the URI path (for example, "/products/index.html")
* @return the extracted file extension (for example, "html")
* @since 4.3.2
*/
@Nullable
public static String extractFileExtension(String path) {
int end = path.indexOf('?');
int fragmentIndex = path.indexOf('#');
if (fragmentIndex != -1 && (end == -1 || fragmentIndex < end)) {
end = fragmentIndex;
}
if (end == -1) {
end = path.length();
}
int begin = path.lastIndexOf('/', end) + 1;
int paramIndex = path.indexOf(';', begin);
end = (paramIndex != -1 && paramIndex < end ? paramIndex : end);
int extIndex = path.lastIndexOf('.', end);
if (extIndex != -1 && extIndex >= begin) {
return path.substring(extIndex + 1, end);
}
return null;
}
}