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/*
* Copyright 2002-2019 Drew Noakes and contributors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
* More information about this project is available at:
*
* https://drewnoakes.com/code/exif/
* https://github.com/drewnoakes/metadata-extractor
*/
package com.drew.lang;
import com.drew.lang.annotations.NotNull;
import com.drew.lang.annotations.Nullable;
import com.drew.metadata.StringValue;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
/**
* Base class for random access data reading operations of common data types.
*
* By default, the reader operates with Motorola byte order (big endianness). This can be changed by calling
* {@link com.drew.lang.RandomAccessReader#setMotorolaByteOrder(boolean)}.
*
* Concrete implementations include:
*
* - {@link ByteArrayReader}
* - {@link RandomAccessStreamReader}
*
*
* @author Drew Noakes https://drewnoakes.com
*/
public abstract class RandomAccessReader
{
private boolean _isMotorolaByteOrder = true;
public abstract int toUnshiftedOffset(int localOffset);
/**
* Gets the byte value at the specified byte index.
*
* Implementations should not perform any bounds checking in this method. That should be performed
* in validateIndex and isValidIndex.
*
* @param index The index from which to read the byte
* @return The read byte value
* @throws IllegalArgumentException index is negative
* @throws BufferBoundsException if the requested byte is beyond the end of the underlying data source
* @throws IOException if the byte is unable to be read
*/
public abstract byte getByte(int index) throws IOException;
/**
* Returns the required number of bytes from the specified index from the underlying source.
*
* @param index The index from which the bytes begins in the underlying source
* @param count The number of bytes to be returned
* @return The requested bytes
* @throws IllegalArgumentException index or count are negative
* @throws BufferBoundsException if the requested bytes extend beyond the end of the underlying data source
* @throws IOException if the byte is unable to be read
*/
@NotNull
public abstract byte[] getBytes(int index, int count) throws IOException;
/**
* Ensures that the buffered bytes extend to cover the specified index. If not, an attempt is made
* to read to that point.
*
* If the stream ends before the point is reached, a {@link BufferBoundsException} is raised.
*
* @param index the index from which the required bytes start
* @param bytesRequested the number of bytes which are required
* @throws IOException if the stream ends before the required number of bytes are acquired
*/
protected abstract void validateIndex(int index, int bytesRequested) throws IOException;
protected abstract boolean isValidIndex(int index, int bytesRequested) throws IOException;
/**
* Returns the length of the data source in bytes.
*
* This is a simple operation for implementations (such as {@link RandomAccessFileReader} and
* {@link ByteArrayReader}) that have the entire data source available.
*
* Users of this method must be aware that sequentially accessed implementations such as
* {@link RandomAccessStreamReader} will have to read and buffer the entire data source in
* order to determine the length.
*
* @return the length of the data source, in bytes.
*/
public abstract long getLength() throws IOException;
/**
* Sets the endianness of this reader.
*
* true for Motorola (or big) endianness (also known as network byte order), with MSB before LSB.false for Intel (or little) endianness, with LSB before MSB.
*
* @param motorolaByteOrder true for Motorola/big endian, false for Intel/little endian
*/
public void setMotorolaByteOrder(boolean motorolaByteOrder)
{
_isMotorolaByteOrder = motorolaByteOrder;
}
/**
* Gets the endianness of this reader.
*
* true for Motorola (or big) endianness (also known as network byte order), with MSB before LSB.false for Intel (or little) endianness, with LSB before MSB.
*/
public boolean isMotorolaByteOrder()
{
return _isMotorolaByteOrder;
}
/**
* Gets whether a bit at a specific index is set or not.
*
* @param index the number of bits at which to test
* @return true if the bit is set, otherwise false
* @throws IOException the buffer does not contain enough bytes to service the request, or index is negative
*/
public boolean getBit(int index) throws IOException
{
int byteIndex = index / 8;
int bitIndex = index % 8;
validateIndex(byteIndex, 1);
byte b = getByte(byteIndex);
return ((b >> bitIndex) & 1) == 1;
}
/**
* Returns an unsigned 8-bit int calculated from one byte of data at the specified index.
*
* @param index position within the data buffer to read byte
* @return the 8 bit int value, between 0 and 255
* @throws IOException the buffer does not contain enough bytes to service the request, or index is negative
*/
public short getUInt8(int index) throws IOException
{
validateIndex(index, 1);
return (short) (getByte(index) & 0xFF);
}
/**
* Returns a signed 8-bit int calculated from one byte of data at the specified index.
*
* @param index position within the data buffer to read byte
* @return the 8 bit int value, between 0x00 and 0xFF
* @throws IOException the buffer does not contain enough bytes to service the request, or index is negative
*/
public byte getInt8(int index) throws IOException
{
validateIndex(index, 1);
return getByte(index);
}
/**
* Returns an unsigned 16-bit int calculated from two bytes of data at the specified index.
*
* @param index position within the data buffer to read first byte
* @return the 16 bit int value, between 0x0000 and 0xFFFF
* @throws IOException the buffer does not contain enough bytes to service the request, or index is negative
*/
public int getUInt16(int index) throws IOException
{
validateIndex(index, 2);
if (_isMotorolaByteOrder) {
// Motorola - MSB first
return (getByte(index ) << 8 & 0xFF00) |
(getByte(index + 1) & 0xFF);
} else {
// Intel ordering - LSB first
return (getByte(index + 1) << 8 & 0xFF00) |
(getByte(index ) & 0xFF);
}
}
/**
* Returns a signed 16-bit int calculated from two bytes of data at the specified index (MSB, LSB).
*
* @param index position within the data buffer to read first byte
* @return the 16 bit int value, between 0x0000 and 0xFFFF
* @throws IOException the buffer does not contain enough bytes to service the request, or index is negative
*/
public short getInt16(int index) throws IOException
{
validateIndex(index, 2);
if (_isMotorolaByteOrder) {
// Motorola - MSB first
return (short) (((short)getByte(index ) << 8 & (short)0xFF00) |
((short)getByte(index + 1) & (short)0xFF));
} else {
// Intel ordering - LSB first
return (short) (((short)getByte(index + 1) << 8 & (short)0xFF00) |
((short)getByte(index ) & (short)0xFF));
}
}
/**
* Get a 24-bit unsigned integer from the buffer, returning it as an int.
*
* @param index position within the data buffer to read first byte
* @return the unsigned 24-bit int value as a long, between 0x00000000 and 0x00FFFFFF
* @throws IOException the buffer does not contain enough bytes to service the request, or index is negative
*/
public int getInt24(int index) throws IOException
{
validateIndex(index, 3);
if (_isMotorolaByteOrder) {
// Motorola - MSB first (big endian)
return (((int)getByte(index )) << 16 & 0xFF0000) |
(((int)getByte(index + 1)) << 8 & 0xFF00) |
(((int)getByte(index + 2)) & 0xFF);
} else {
// Intel ordering - LSB first (little endian)
return (((int)getByte(index + 2)) << 16 & 0xFF0000) |
(((int)getByte(index + 1)) << 8 & 0xFF00) |
(((int)getByte(index )) & 0xFF);
}
}
/**
* Get a 32-bit unsigned integer from the buffer, returning it as a long.
*
* @param index position within the data buffer to read first byte
* @return the unsigned 32-bit int value as a long, between 0x00000000 and 0xFFFFFFFF
* @throws IOException the buffer does not contain enough bytes to service the request, or index is negative
*/
public long getUInt32(int index) throws IOException
{
validateIndex(index, 4);
if (_isMotorolaByteOrder) {
// Motorola - MSB first (big endian)
return (((long)getByte(index )) << 24 & 0xFF000000L) |
(((long)getByte(index + 1)) << 16 & 0xFF0000L) |
(((long)getByte(index + 2)) << 8 & 0xFF00L) |
(((long)getByte(index + 3)) & 0xFFL);
} else {
// Intel ordering - LSB first (little endian)
return (((long)getByte(index + 3)) << 24 & 0xFF000000L) |
(((long)getByte(index + 2)) << 16 & 0xFF0000L) |
(((long)getByte(index + 1)) << 8 & 0xFF00L) |
(((long)getByte(index )) & 0xFFL);
}
}
/**
* Returns a signed 32-bit integer from four bytes of data at the specified index the buffer.
*
* @param index position within the data buffer to read first byte
* @return the signed 32 bit int value, between 0x00000000 and 0xFFFFFFFF
* @throws IOException the buffer does not contain enough bytes to service the request, or index is negative
*/
public int getInt32(int index) throws IOException
{
validateIndex(index, 4);
if (_isMotorolaByteOrder) {
// Motorola - MSB first (big endian)
return (getByte(index ) << 24 & 0xFF000000) |
(getByte(index + 1) << 16 & 0xFF0000) |
(getByte(index + 2) << 8 & 0xFF00) |
(getByte(index + 3) & 0xFF);
} else {
// Intel ordering - LSB first (little endian)
return (getByte(index + 3) << 24 & 0xFF000000) |
(getByte(index + 2) << 16 & 0xFF0000) |
(getByte(index + 1) << 8 & 0xFF00) |
(getByte(index ) & 0xFF);
}
}
/**
* Get a signed 64-bit integer from the buffer.
*
* @param index position within the data buffer to read first byte
* @return the 64 bit int value, between 0x0000000000000000 and 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
* @throws IOException the buffer does not contain enough bytes to service the request, or index is negative
*/
public long getInt64(int index) throws IOException
{
validateIndex(index, 8);
if (_isMotorolaByteOrder) {
// Motorola - MSB first
return ((long)getByte(index ) << 56 & 0xFF00000000000000L) |
((long)getByte(index + 1) << 48 & 0xFF000000000000L) |
((long)getByte(index + 2) << 40 & 0xFF0000000000L) |
((long)getByte(index + 3) << 32 & 0xFF00000000L) |
((long)getByte(index + 4) << 24 & 0xFF000000L) |
((long)getByte(index + 5) << 16 & 0xFF0000L) |
((long)getByte(index + 6) << 8 & 0xFF00L) |
((long)getByte(index + 7) & 0xFFL);
} else {
// Intel ordering - LSB first
return ((long)getByte(index + 7) << 56 & 0xFF00000000000000L) |
((long)getByte(index + 6) << 48 & 0xFF000000000000L) |
((long)getByte(index + 5) << 40 & 0xFF0000000000L) |
((long)getByte(index + 4) << 32 & 0xFF00000000L) |
((long)getByte(index + 3) << 24 & 0xFF000000L) |
((long)getByte(index + 2) << 16 & 0xFF0000L) |
((long)getByte(index + 1) << 8 & 0xFF00L) |
((long)getByte(index ) & 0xFFL);
}
}
/**
* Gets a s15.16 fixed point float from the buffer.
*
* This particular fixed point encoding has one sign bit, 15 numerator bits and 16 denominator bits.
*
* @return the floating point value
* @throws IOException the buffer does not contain enough bytes to service the request, or index is negative
*/
public float getS15Fixed16(int index) throws IOException
{
validateIndex(index, 4);
if (_isMotorolaByteOrder) {
float res = (getByte(index ) & 0xFF) << 8 |
(getByte(index + 1) & 0xFF);
int d = (getByte(index + 2) & 0xFF) << 8 |
(getByte(index + 3) & 0xFF);
return (float)(res + d/65536.0);
} else {
// this particular branch is untested
float res = (getByte(index + 3) & 0xFF) << 8 |
(getByte(index + 2) & 0xFF);
int d = (getByte(index + 1) & 0xFF) << 8 |
(getByte(index ) & 0xFF);
return (float)(res + d/65536.0);
}
}
public float getFloat32(int index) throws IOException
{
return Float.intBitsToFloat(getInt32(index));
}
public double getDouble64(int index) throws IOException
{
return Double.longBitsToDouble(getInt64(index));
}
@NotNull
public StringValue getStringValue(int index, int bytesRequested, @Nullable Charset charset) throws IOException
{
return new StringValue(getBytes(index, bytesRequested), charset);
}
@NotNull
public String getString(int index, int bytesRequested, @NotNull Charset charset) throws IOException
{
return new String(getBytes(index, bytesRequested), charset.name());
}
@NotNull
public String getString(int index, int bytesRequested, @NotNull String charset) throws IOException
{
byte[] bytes = getBytes(index, bytesRequested);
try {
return new String(bytes, charset);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
return new String(bytes);
}
}
/**
* Creates a String from the _data buffer starting at the specified index,
* and ending where byte=='\0' or where length==maxLength.
*
* @param index The index within the buffer at which to start reading the string.
* @param maxLengthBytes The maximum number of bytes to read. If a zero-byte is not reached within this limit,
* reading will stop and the string will be truncated to this length.
* @return The read string.
* @throws IOException The buffer does not contain enough bytes to satisfy this request.
*/
@NotNull
public String getNullTerminatedString(int index, int maxLengthBytes, @NotNull Charset charset) throws IOException
{
return new String(getNullTerminatedBytes(index, maxLengthBytes), charset.name());
}
@NotNull
public StringValue getNullTerminatedStringValue(int index, int maxLengthBytes, @Nullable Charset charset) throws IOException
{
byte[] bytes = getNullTerminatedBytes(index, maxLengthBytes);
return new StringValue(bytes, charset);
}
/**
* Returns the sequence of bytes punctuated by a \0 value.
*
* @param index The index within the buffer at which to start reading the string.
* @param maxLengthBytes The maximum number of bytes to read. If a \0 byte is not reached within this limit,
* the returned array will be maxLengthBytes long.
* @return The read byte array, excluding the null terminator.
* @throws IOException The buffer does not contain enough bytes to satisfy this request.
*/
@NotNull
public byte[] getNullTerminatedBytes(int index, int maxLengthBytes) throws IOException
{
byte[] buffer = getBytes(index, maxLengthBytes);
// Count the number of non-null bytes
int length = 0;
while (length < buffer.length && buffer[length] != 0)
length++;
if (length == maxLengthBytes)
return buffer;
byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
if (length > 0)
System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, bytes, 0, length);
return bytes;
}
}