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This artifact provides a single jar that contains all classes required to use remote EJB and JMS, including all dependencies. It is intended for use by those not using maven, maven users should just import the EJB and JMS BOM's instead (shaded JAR's cause lots of problems with maven, as it is very easy to inadvertently end up with different versions on classes on the class path).

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/*
 * JBoss, Home of Professional Open Source
 *
 * Copyright 2008 Red Hat, Inc. and/or its affiliates.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.xnio.channels;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOError;
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
import java.nio.channels.Channel;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.Locale;
import org.xnio.Buffers;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.WritableByteChannel;
import java.nio.channels.GatheringByteChannel;
import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel;
import java.nio.channels.ScatteringByteChannel;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.xnio.ChannelListener;
import org.xnio.Option;
import org.xnio.XnioIoThread;

/**
 * A utility class containing static methods to support channel usage.
 *
 * @apiviz.exclude
 */
public final class Channels {

    private Channels() {
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking flush on a writable channel.  The method blocks until there are no
     * remaining bytes in the send queue.
     *
     * @param channel the writable channel
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     *
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static void flushBlocking(SuspendableWriteChannel channel) throws IOException {
        while (! channel.flush()) {
            channel.awaitWritable();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking flush on a writable channel. The method blocks until there are no
     * remaining bytes in the send queue or the timeout is reached.
     *
     * @param channel the writable channel
     * @param time the amount of time to wait
     * @param unit the unit of time to wait
     * @return true if the channel was successfully flushed, false if the timeout was reached
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     *
     * @since 3.8
     */
    public static boolean flushBlocking(SuspendableWriteChannel channel, long time, TimeUnit unit) throws IOException {
        // In the fast path, the timeout is not used because bytes can be flushed without blocking.
        if (channel.flush()) {
            return true;
        }
        long remaining = unit.toNanos(time);
        long now = System.nanoTime();
        do {
            // awaitWritable may return spuriously so looping is required.
            channel.awaitWritable(remaining, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
            // flush prior to recalculating remaining time to avoid a nanoTime
            // invocation in the optimal path.
            if (channel.flush()) {
                return true;
            }
            // Nanotime must only be used in comparison with another nanotime value
            // This implementation allows us to avoid immediate subsequent nanoTime calls
        } while ((remaining -= Math.max(-now + (now = System.nanoTime()), 0L)) > 0L);
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking write shutdown on a writable channel.  The method blocks until the
     * channel's output side is fully shut down.
     *
     * @param channel the writable channel
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     *
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static void shutdownWritesBlocking(SuspendableWriteChannel channel) throws IOException {
        channel.shutdownWrites();
        flushBlocking(channel);
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking write shutdown on a writable channel.  The method blocks until the
     * channel's output side is fully shut down or the timeout is reached.
     *
     * @param channel the writable channel
     * @param time the amount of time to wait
     * @param unit the unit of time to wait
     * @return true if the channel was successfully flushed, false if the timeout was reached
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     *
     * @since 3.8
     */
    public static boolean shutdownWritesBlocking(SuspendableWriteChannel channel, long time, TimeUnit unit) throws IOException {
        channel.shutdownWrites();
        return flushBlocking(channel, time, unit);
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking write on a byte channel.  The method blocks until the bytes in the
     * buffer have been fully written.  To ensure that the data is sent, the {@link #flushBlocking(SuspendableWriteChannel)}
     * method should be called after all writes are complete.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to write on
     * @param buffer the data to write
     * @param  the channel type
     * @return the number of bytes written
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  int writeBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException {
        int t = 0;
        while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
            final int res = channel.write(buffer);
            if (res == 0) {
                channel.awaitWritable();
            } else {
                t += res;
            }
        }
        return t;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking write on a byte channel with a timeout.  The method blocks until
     * either the bytes in the buffer have been fully written, or the timeout expires, whichever comes first.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to write on
     * @param buffer the data to write
     * @param time the amount of time to wait
     * @param unit the unit of time to wait
     * @param  the channel type
     * @return the number of bytes written
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  int writeBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer buffer, long time, TimeUnit unit) throws IOException {
        long remaining = unit.toNanos(time);
        long now = System.nanoTime();
        int t = 0;
        while (buffer.hasRemaining() && remaining > 0L) {
            int res = channel.write(buffer);
            if (res == 0) {
                channel.awaitWritable(remaining, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
                remaining -= Math.max(-now + (now = System.nanoTime()), 0L);
            } else {
                t += res;
            }
        }
        return t;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking write on a gathering byte channel.  The method blocks until the
     * bytes in the buffer have been fully written.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to write on
     * @param buffers the data to write
     * @param offs the index of the first buffer to write
     * @param len the number of buffers to write
     * @param  the channel type
     * @return the number of bytes written
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  long writeBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer[] buffers, int offs, int len) throws IOException {
        long t = 0;
        while (Buffers.hasRemaining(buffers, offs, len)) {
            final long res = channel.write(buffers, offs, len);
            if (res == 0) {
                channel.awaitWritable();
            } else {
                t += res;
            }
        }
        return t;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking write on a gathering byte channel with a timeout.  The method blocks until all
     * the bytes are written, or until the timeout occurs.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to write on
     * @param buffers the data to write
     * @param offs the index of the first buffer to write
     * @param len the number of buffers to write
     * @param time the amount of time to wait
     * @param unit the unit of time to wait
     * @param  the channel type
     * @return the number of bytes written
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  long writeBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer[] buffers, int offs, int len, long time, TimeUnit unit) throws IOException {
        long remaining = unit.toNanos(time);
        long now = System.nanoTime();
        long t = 0;
        while (Buffers.hasRemaining(buffers, offs, len) && remaining > 0L) {
            long res = channel.write(buffers, offs, len);
            if (res == 0) {
                channel.awaitWritable(remaining, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
                remaining -= Math.max(-now + (now = System.nanoTime()), 0L);
            } else {
                t += res;
            }
        }
        return t;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking send on a message channel.  The method blocks until the message is written.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to write on
     * @param buffer the data to write
     * @param  the channel type
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  void sendBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException {
        while (! channel.send(buffer)) {
            channel.awaitWritable();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking send on a message channel with a timeout.  The method blocks until the channel
     * is writable, and then the message is written.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to write on
     * @param buffer the data to write
     * @param time the amount of time to wait
     * @param unit the unit of time to wait
     * @param  the channel type
     * @return the write result
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  boolean sendBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer buffer, long time, TimeUnit unit) throws IOException {
        long remaining = unit.toNanos(time);
        long now = System.nanoTime();
        while (remaining > 0L) {
            if (!channel.send(buffer)) {
                channel.awaitWritable(remaining, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
                remaining -= Math.max(-now + (now = System.nanoTime()), 0L);
            } else {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking gathering send on a message channel.  The method blocks until the message is written.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to write on
     * @param buffers the data to write
     * @param offs the index of the first buffer to write
     * @param len the number of buffers to write
     * @param  the channel type
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  void sendBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer[] buffers, int offs, int len) throws IOException {
        while (! channel.send(buffers, offs, len)) {
            channel.awaitWritable();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking gathering send on a message channel with a timeout.  The method blocks until either
     * the message is written or the timeout expires.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to write on
     * @param buffers the data to write
     * @param offs the index of the first buffer to write
     * @param len the number of buffers to write
     * @param time the amount of time to wait
     * @param unit the unit of time to wait
     * @param  the channel type
     * @return {@code true} if the message was written before the timeout
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  boolean sendBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer[] buffers, int offs, int len, long time, TimeUnit unit) throws IOException {
        long remaining = unit.toNanos(time);
        long now = System.nanoTime();
        while (remaining > 0L) {
            if (!channel.send(buffers, offs, len)) {
                channel.awaitWritable(remaining, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
                remaining -= Math.max(-now + (now = System.nanoTime()), 0L);
            } else {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking read on a readable byte channel.  This method blocks until the
     * channel is readable, and then the message is read.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to read from
     * @param buffer the buffer into which bytes are to be transferred
     * @param  the channel type
     * @return the number of bytes read
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  int readBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException {
        int res;
        while ((res = channel.read(buffer)) == 0 && buffer.hasRemaining()) {
            channel.awaitReadable();
        }
        return res;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking read on a readable byte channel with a timeout.  This method blocks until the
     * channel is readable, and then the message is read.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to read from
     * @param buffer the buffer into which bytes are to be transferred
     * @param time the amount of time to wait
     * @param unit the unit of time to wait
     * @param  the channel type
     * @return the number of bytes read
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  int readBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer buffer, long time, TimeUnit unit) throws IOException {
        // In the fast path, the timeout is not used because bytes can be read without blocking.
        int res = channel.read(buffer);
        if (res != 0) {
            return res;
        }
        long remaining = unit.toNanos(time);
        long now = System.nanoTime();
        while (buffer.hasRemaining() && remaining > 0) {
            // awaitReadable may return spuriously, so looping is required.
            channel.awaitReadable(remaining, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
            // read prior to recalculating remaining time to avoid a nanoTime
            // invocation in the optimal path.
            res = channel.read(buffer);
            if (res != 0) {
                return res;
            }
            // Nanotime must only be used in comparison with another nanotime value
            // This implementation allows us to avoid immediate subsequent nanoTime calls
            remaining -= Math.max(-now + (now = System.nanoTime()), 0L);
        }
        return res;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking read on a scattering byte channel.  This method blocks until the
     * channel is readable, and then the message is read.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to read from
     * @param buffers the buffers into which bytes are to be transferred
     * @param offs the first buffer to use
     * @param len the number of buffers to use
     * @param  the channel type
     * @return the number of bytes read
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  long readBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer[] buffers, int offs, int len) throws IOException {
        long res;
        while ((res = channel.read(buffers, offs, len)) == 0) {
            channel.awaitReadable();
        }
        return res;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking read on a scattering byte channel with a timeout.  This method blocks until the
     * channel is readable, and then the message is read.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to read from
     * @param buffers the buffers into which bytes are to be transferred
     * @param offs the first buffer to use
     * @param len the number of buffers to use
     * @param time the amount of time to wait
     * @param unit the unit of time to wait
     * @param  the channel type
     * @return the number of bytes read
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  long readBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer[] buffers, int offs, int len, long time, TimeUnit unit) throws IOException {
        // In the fast path, the timeout is not used because bytes can be read
        // without blocking or interaction with the precise clock.
        long res = channel.read(buffers, offs, len);
        if (res != 0L) {
            return res;
        }
        long remaining = unit.toNanos(time);
        long now = System.nanoTime();
        while (Buffers.hasRemaining(buffers, offs, len) && remaining > 0) {
            // awaitReadable may return spuriously, looping is required.
            channel.awaitReadable(remaining, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
            // read prior to recalculating remaining time to avoid a nanoTime
            // invocation in the optimal path.
            res = channel.read(buffers, offs, len);
            if (res != 0) {
                return res;
            }
            // Nanotime must only be used in comparison with another nanotime value
            // This implementation allows us to avoid immediate subsequent nanoTime calls
            remaining -= Math.max(-now + (now = System.nanoTime()), 0L);
        }
        return res;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking receive on a readable message channel.  This method blocks until the
     * channel is readable, and then the message is received.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to read from
     * @param buffer the buffer into which bytes are to be transferred
     * @param  the channel type
     * @return the number of bytes read
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  int receiveBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException {
        int res;
        while ((res = channel.receive(buffer)) == 0) {
            channel.awaitReadable();
        }
        return res;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking receive on a readable message channel with a timeout.  This method blocks until the
     * channel is readable, and then the message is received.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to read from
     * @param buffer the buffer into which bytes are to be transferred
     * @param time the amount of time to wait
     * @param unit the unit of time to wait
     * @param  the channel type
     * @return the number of bytes read
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  int receiveBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer buffer, long time, TimeUnit unit) throws IOException {
        // In the fast path, the timeout is not used because bytes can be read without blocking.
        int res = channel.receive(buffer);
        if (res != 0) {
            return res;
        }
        long remaining = unit.toNanos(time);
        long now = System.nanoTime();
        while (buffer.hasRemaining() && remaining > 0) {
            // awaitReadable may return spuriously, looping is required.
            channel.awaitReadable(remaining, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
            // read prior to recalculating remaining time to avoid a nanoTime
            // invocation in the optimal path.
            res = channel.receive(buffer);
            if (res != 0) {
                return res;
            }
            // Nanotime must only be used in comparison with another nanotime value
            // This implementation allows us to avoid immediate subsequent nanoTime calls
            remaining -= Math.max(-now + (now = System.nanoTime()), 0L);
        }
        return res;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking receive on a readable message channel.  This method blocks until the
     * channel is readable, and then the message is received.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to read from
     * @param buffers the buffers into which bytes are to be transferred
     * @param offs the first buffer to use
     * @param len the number of buffers to use
     * @param  the channel type
     * @return the number of bytes read
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  long receiveBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer[] buffers, int offs, int len) throws IOException {
        long res;
        while ((res = channel.receive(buffers, offs, len)) == 0) {
            channel.awaitReadable();
        }
        return res;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking receive on a readable message channel with a timeout.  This method blocks until the
     * channel is readable, and then the message is received.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to read from
     * @param buffers the buffers into which bytes are to be transferred
     * @param offs the first buffer to use
     * @param len the number of buffers to use
     * @param time the amount of time to wait
     * @param unit the unit of time to wait
     * @param  the channel type
     * @return the number of bytes read
     * @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static  long receiveBlocking(C channel, ByteBuffer[] buffers, int offs, int len, long time, TimeUnit unit) throws IOException {
        // In the fast path, the timeout is not used because bytes can be read without blocking.
        long res = channel.receive(buffers, offs, len);
        if (res != 0L) {
            return res;
        }
        long remaining = unit.toNanos(time);
        long now = System.nanoTime();
        while (Buffers.hasRemaining(buffers, offs, len) && remaining > 0) {
            // awaitReadable may return spuriously, looping is required.
            channel.awaitReadable(remaining, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
            res = channel.receive(buffers, offs, len);
            if (res != 0) {
                return res;
            }
            // Nanotime must only be used in comparison with another nanotime value
            // This implementation allows us to avoid immediate subsequent nanoTime calls
            remaining -= Math.max(-now + (now = System.nanoTime()), 0L);
        }
        return res;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking accept on an accepting channel.  This method blocks until
     * an accept is possible, and then returns the accepted connection.
     *
     * @param channel the accepting channel
     * @param  the connection channel type
     * @param  the accepting channel type
     * @return the accepted channel
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @since 3.0
     */
    public static > C acceptBlocking(A channel) throws IOException {
        C accepted;
        while ((accepted = channel.accept()) == null) {
            channel.awaitAcceptable();
        }
        return accepted;
    }

    /**
     * Simple utility method to execute a blocking accept on an accepting channel, with a timeout.  This method blocks until
     * an accept is possible, and then returns the accepted connection.
     *
     * @param channel the accepting channel
     * @param time the amount of time to wait
     * @param unit the unit of time to wait
     * @param  the connection channel type
     * @param  the accepting channel type
     * @return the accepted channel, or {@code null} if the timeout occurred before a connection was accepted
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @since 3.0
     */
    public static > C acceptBlocking(A channel, long time, TimeUnit unit) throws IOException {
        final C accepted = channel.accept();
        if (accepted == null) {
            channel.awaitAcceptable(time, unit);
            return channel.accept();
        } else {
            return accepted;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Transfer bytes between two channels efficiently, blocking if necessary.
     *
     * @param destination the destination channel
     * @param source the source file channel
     * @param startPosition the start position in the source file
     * @param count the number of bytes to transfer
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     */
    public static void transferBlocking(StreamSinkChannel destination, FileChannel source, long startPosition, final long count) throws IOException {
        long remaining = count;
        long res;
        while (remaining > 0L) {
            while ((res = destination.transferFrom(source, startPosition, remaining)) == 0L) {
                try {
                    destination.awaitWritable();
                } catch (InterruptedIOException e) {
                    final long bytes = count - remaining;
                    if (bytes > (long) Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
                        e.bytesTransferred = -1;
                    } else {
                        e.bytesTransferred = (int) bytes;
                    }
                }
            }
            remaining -= res;
            startPosition += res;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Transfer bytes between two channels efficiently, blocking if necessary.
     *
     * @param destination the destination file channel
     * @param source the source channel
     * @param startPosition the start position in the destination file
     * @param count the number of bytes to transfer
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     */
    public static void transferBlocking(FileChannel destination, StreamSourceChannel source, long startPosition, final long count) throws IOException {
        long remaining = count;
        long res;
        while (remaining > 0L) {
            while ((res = source.transferTo(startPosition, remaining, destination)) == 0L) {
                try {
                    source.awaitReadable();
                } catch (InterruptedIOException e) {
                    final long bytes = count - remaining;
                    if (bytes > (long) Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
                        e.bytesTransferred = -1;
                    } else {
                        e.bytesTransferred = (int) bytes;
                    }
                }
            }
            remaining -= res;
            startPosition += res;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Transfer bytes between two channels efficiently, blocking if necessary.
     *
     * @param destination the destination channel
     * @param source the source channel
     * @param throughBuffer the buffer to transfer through,
     * @param count the number of bytes to transfer
     * @return the number of bytes actually transferred (will be fewer than {@code count} if EOF was reached)
     * @throws IOException if the transfer fails
     */
    public static long transferBlocking(StreamSinkChannel destination, StreamSourceChannel source, ByteBuffer throughBuffer, long count) throws IOException {
        long t = 0L;
        long res;
        while (t < count) {
            try {
                while ((res = source.transferTo(count, throughBuffer, destination)) == 0L) {
                    if (throughBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
                        writeBlocking(destination, throughBuffer);
                    } else {
                        source.awaitReadable();
                    }
                }
                t += res;
            } catch (InterruptedIOException e) {
                int transferred = e.bytesTransferred;
                t += transferred;
                if (transferred < 0 || t > (long) Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
                    e.bytesTransferred = -1;
                } else {
                    e.bytesTransferred = (int) t;
                }
                throw e;
            }
            if (res == -1L) {
                return t == 0L ? -1L : t;
            }
        }
        return t;
    }

    /**
     * Set the close listener for a channel (type-safe).
     *
     * @param channel the channel
     * @param listener the listener to set
     * @param  the channel type
     */
    public static  void setCloseListener(T channel, ChannelListener listener) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        ChannelListener.Setter setter = (ChannelListener.Setter) channel.getCloseSetter();
        setter.set(listener);
    }

    /**
     * Set the accept listener for a channel (type-safe).
     *
     * @param channel the channel
     * @param listener the listener to set
     * @param  the channel type
     */
    public static > void setAcceptListener(T channel, ChannelListener listener) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        ChannelListener.Setter setter = (ChannelListener.Setter) channel.getAcceptSetter();
        setter.set(listener);
    }

    /**
     * Set the read listener for a channel (type-safe).
     *
     * @param channel the channel
     * @param listener the listener to set
     * @param  the channel type
     */
    public static  void setReadListener(T channel, ChannelListener listener) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        ChannelListener.Setter setter = (ChannelListener.Setter) channel.getReadSetter();
        setter.set(listener);
    }

    /**
     * Set the write listener for a channel (type-safe).
     *
     * @param channel the channel
     * @param listener the listener to set
     * @param  the channel type
     */
    public static  void setWriteListener(T channel, ChannelListener listener) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        ChannelListener.Setter setter = (ChannelListener.Setter) channel.getWriteSetter();
        setter.set(listener);
    }

    /**
     * Create a wrapper for a byte channel which does not expose other methods.
     *
     * @param original the original
     * @return the wrapped channel
     */
    public static ByteChannel wrapByteChannel(final ByteChannel original) {
        return new ByteChannel() {
            public int read(final ByteBuffer dst) throws IOException {
                return original.read(dst);
            }

            public boolean isOpen() {
                return original.isOpen();
            }

            public void close() throws IOException {
                original.close();
            }

            public int write(final ByteBuffer src) throws IOException {
                return original.write(src);
            }

            public long write(final ByteBuffer[] srcs, final int offset, final int length) throws IOException {
                return original.write(srcs, offset, length);
            }

            public long write(final ByteBuffer[] srcs) throws IOException {
                return original.write(srcs);
            }

            public long read(final ByteBuffer[] dsts, final int offset, final int length) throws IOException {
                return original.read(dsts, offset, length);
            }

            public long read(final ByteBuffer[] dsts) throws IOException {
                return original.read(dsts);
            }
        };
    }

    /**
     * Get an option value from a configurable target.  If the method throws an exception then the default value
     * is returned.
     *
     * @param configurable the configurable target
     * @param option the option
     * @param defaultValue the default value
     * @param  the option value type
     * @return the value
     */
    public static  T getOption(Configurable configurable, Option option, T defaultValue) {
        try {
            final T value = configurable.getOption(option);
            return value == null ? defaultValue : value;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return defaultValue;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get an option value from a configurable target.  If the method throws an exception then the default value
     * is returned.
     *
     * @param configurable the configurable target
     * @param option the option
     * @param defaultValue the default value
     * @return the value
     */
    public static boolean getOption(Configurable configurable, Option option, boolean defaultValue) {
        try {
            final Boolean value = configurable.getOption(option);
            return value == null ? defaultValue : value.booleanValue();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return defaultValue;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get an option value from a configurable target.  If the method throws an exception then the default value
     * is returned.
     *
     * @param configurable the configurable target
     * @param option the option
     * @param defaultValue the default value
     * @return the value
     */
    public static int getOption(Configurable configurable, Option option, int defaultValue) {
        try {
            final Integer value = configurable.getOption(option);
            return value == null ? defaultValue : value.intValue();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return defaultValue;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get an option value from a configurable target.  If the method throws an exception then the default value
     * is returned.
     *
     * @param configurable the configurable target
     * @param option the option
     * @param defaultValue the default value
     * @return the value
     */
    public static long getOption(Configurable configurable, Option option, long defaultValue) {
        try {
            final Long value = configurable.getOption(option);
            return value == null ? defaultValue : value.longValue();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return defaultValue;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unwrap a nested channel type.  If the channel does not wrap the target type, {@code null} is returned.
     *
     * @param targetType the class to unwrap
     * @param channel the channel
     * @param  the type to unwrap
     * @return the unwrapped type, or {@code null} if the given type is not wrapped
     * @see WrappedChannel
     */
    public static  T unwrap(Class targetType, Channel channel) {
        for (;;) {
            if (channel == null) {
                return null;
            } else if (targetType.isInstance(channel)) {
                return targetType.cast(channel);
            } else if (channel instanceof WrappedChannel) {
                channel = ((WrappedChannel)channel).getChannel();
            } else {
                return null;
            }
        }
    }

    private static final FileChannel NULL_FILE_CHANNEL;
    private static final ByteBuffer DRAIN_BUFFER = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(16384);

    /**
     * Attempt to drain the given number of bytes from the stream source channel.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to drain
     * @param count the number of bytes
     * @return the number of bytes drained, 0 if reading the channel would block, or -1 if the EOF was reached
     * @throws IOException if an error occurs
     */
    public static long drain(StreamSourceChannel channel, long count) throws IOException {
        long total = 0L, lres;
        int ires;
        ByteBuffer buffer = null;
        for (;;) {
            if (count == 0L) return total;
            if (NULL_FILE_CHANNEL != null) {
                while (count > 0) {
                    if ((lres = channel.transferTo(0, count, NULL_FILE_CHANNEL)) <= 0L) {
                        break;
                    }
                    total += lres;
                    count -= lres;
                }
                // jump out quick if we drained the fast way
                if (total > 0L) return total;
            }
            if (buffer == null) buffer = DRAIN_BUFFER.duplicate();
            if ((long) buffer.limit() > count) buffer.limit((int) count);
            ires = channel.read(buffer);
            buffer.clear();
            switch (ires) {
                case -1: return total == 0L ? -1L : total;
                case 0: return total;
                default: total += (long) ires; count -= (long) ires;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Attempt to drain the given number of bytes from the readable byte channel.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to drain
     * @param count the number of bytes
     * @return the number of bytes drained, 0 if reading the channel would block, or -1 if the EOF was reached
     * @throws IOException if an error occurs
     */
    public static long drain(ReadableByteChannel channel, long count) throws IOException {
        if (channel instanceof StreamSourceChannel) {
            return drain((StreamSourceChannel) channel, count);
        } else {
            long total = 0L, lres;
            int ires;
            ByteBuffer buffer = null;
            for (;;) {
                if (count == 0L) return total;
                if (NULL_FILE_CHANNEL != null) {
                    while (count > 0) {
                        if ((lres = NULL_FILE_CHANNEL.transferFrom(channel, 0, count)) <= 0L) {
                            break;
                        }
                        total += lres;
                        count -= lres;
                    }
                    // jump out quick if we drained the fast way
                    if (total > 0L) return total;
                }
                if (buffer == null) buffer = DRAIN_BUFFER.duplicate();
                if ((long) buffer.limit() > count) buffer.limit((int) count);
                ires = channel.read(buffer);
                buffer.clear();
                switch (ires) {
                    case -1: return total == 0L ? -1L : total;
                    case 0: return total;
                    default: total += (long) ires; count -= (long) ires;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Attempt to drain the given number of bytes from the file channel.  This does nothing more than force a
     * read of bytes in the file.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to drain
     * @param position the position to drain from
     * @param count the number of bytes
     * @return the number of bytes drained, 0 if reading the channel would block, or -1 if the EOF was reached
     * @throws IOException if an error occurs
     */
    public static long drain(FileChannel channel, long position, long count) throws IOException {
        long total = 0L, lres;
        int ires;
        ByteBuffer buffer = null;
        for (;;) {
            if (count == 0L) return total;
            if (NULL_FILE_CHANNEL != null) {
                while (count > 0) {
                    if ((lres = channel.transferTo(position, count, NULL_FILE_CHANNEL)) <= 0L) {
                        break;
                    }
                    total += lres;
                    count -= lres;
                    position += lres;
                }
                // jump out quick if we drained the fast way
                if (total > 0L) return total;
            }
            if (buffer == null) buffer = DRAIN_BUFFER.duplicate();
            if ((long) buffer.limit() > count) buffer.limit((int) count);
            ires = channel.read(buffer, position);
            buffer.clear();
            switch (ires) {
                case -1: return total == 0L ? -1L : total;
                case 0: return total;
                default: total += (long) ires;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Resume reads asynchronously.  Queues a task on the channel's I/O thread to resume.  Note that if a channel
     * has multiple threads associated with it, the results may not be desirable.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to resume
     */
    public static void resumeReadsAsync(final SuspendableReadChannel channel) {
        final XnioIoThread ioThread = channel.getIoThread();
        if (ioThread == Thread.currentThread()) {
            channel.resumeReads();
        } else {
            ioThread.execute(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    channel.resumeReads();
                }
            });
        }
    }

    /**
     * Resume writes asynchronously.  Queues a task on the channel's I/O thread to resume.  Note that if a channel
     * has multiple threads associated with it, the results may not be desirable.
     *
     * @param channel the channel to resume
     */
    public static void resumeWritesAsync(final SuspendableWriteChannel channel) {
        final XnioIoThread ioThread = channel.getIoThread();
        if (ioThread == Thread.currentThread()) {
            channel.resumeWrites();
        } else {
            ioThread.execute(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    channel.resumeWrites();
                }
            });
        }
    }

    /**
     * Writes out the data in the buffer to the channel. If all the data is written out
     * then the channel will have its writes shutdown.
     *
     * @param channel The channel
     * @param src The buffer
     * @return The number of bytes written
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static int writeFinalBasic(StreamSinkChannel channel, ByteBuffer src) throws IOException {
        int res = channel.write(src);
        if(!src.hasRemaining()) {
            channel.shutdownWrites();
        }
        return res;
    }

    /**
     * Writes out the data in the buffer to the channel. If all the data is written out
     * then the channel will have its writes shutdown.
     *
     * @param channel The channel
     * @param srcs The buffers
     * @param offset The offset into the srcs array
     * @param length The number buffers to write
     * @return The number of bytes written
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static long writeFinalBasic(StreamSinkChannel channel, ByteBuffer[] srcs, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
        final long res = channel.write(srcs, offset, length);
        if (!Buffers.hasRemaining(srcs, offset, length)) {
            channel.shutdownWrites();
        }
        return res;
    }

    static {
        NULL_FILE_CHANNEL = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
            public FileChannel run() {
                final String osName = System.getProperty("os.name", "unknown").toLowerCase(Locale.US);
                try {
                    if (osName.contains("windows")) {
                        return new FileOutputStream("NUL").getChannel();
                    } else {
                        return new FileOutputStream("/dev/null").getChannel();
                    }
                } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                    throw new IOError(e);
                }
            }
        });
    }
}




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