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Java API for Natural Language Generation
/*
* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License
* Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
* compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
* http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*
* Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
* basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
* under the License.
*
* The Original Code is "Simplenlg".
*
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Ehud Reiter, Albert Gatt and Dave Westwater.
* Portions created by Ehud Reiter, Albert Gatt and Dave Westwater are Copyright (C) 2010-11 The University of Aberdeen. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Contributor(s): Ehud Reiter, Albert Gatt, Dave Wewstwater, Roman Kutlak, Margaret Mitchell.
*/
package simplenlg.phrasespec;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import simplenlg.features.ClauseStatus;
import simplenlg.features.Feature;
import simplenlg.features.InternalFeature;
import simplenlg.features.LexicalFeature;
import simplenlg.framework.CoordinatedPhraseElement;
import simplenlg.framework.InflectedWordElement;
import simplenlg.framework.LexicalCategory;
import simplenlg.framework.NLGElement;
import simplenlg.framework.NLGFactory;
import simplenlg.framework.PhraseCategory;
import simplenlg.framework.PhraseElement;
import simplenlg.framework.WordElement;
/**
*
* This class defines a clause (sentence-like phrase). It is essentially a
* wrapper around the PhraseElement class, with methods for setting
* common constituents such as Subject. For example, the setVerb
* method in this class sets the head of the element to be the specified verb
*
* From an API perspective, this class is a simplified version of the
* SPhraseSpec class in simplenlg V3. It provides an alternative way for
* creating syntactic structures, compared to directly manipulating a V4
* PhraseElement.
*
* Methods are provided for setting and getting the following constituents:
*
* - FrontModifier (eg, "Yesterday")
*
- Subject (eg, "John")
*
- PreModifier (eg, "reluctantly")
*
- Verb (eg, "gave")
*
- IndirectObject (eg, "Mary")
*
- Object (eg, "an apple")
*
- PostModifier (eg, "before school")
*
* Note that verb, indirect object, and object are propagated to the underlying
* verb phrase
*
* NOTE: The setModifier method will attempt to automatically determine whether
* a modifier should be expressed as a FrontModifier, PreModifier, or
* PostModifier
*
* Features (such as negated) must be accessed via the setFeature
* and getFeature methods (inherited from NLGElement).
* Features which are often set on SPhraseSpec include
*
* - Form (eg, "John eats an apple" vs "John eating an apple")
*
- InterrogativeType (eg, "John eats an apple" vs "Is John eating an apple"
* vs "What is John eating")
*
- Modal (eg, "John eats an apple" vs "John can eat an apple")
*
- Negated (eg, "John eats an apple" vs "John does not eat an apple")
*
- Passive (eg, "John eats an apple" vs "An apple is eaten by John")
*
- Perfect (eg, "John ate an apple" vs "John has eaten an apple")
*
- Progressive (eg, "John eats an apple" vs "John is eating an apple")
*
- Tense (eg, "John ate" vs "John eats" vs "John will eat")
*
* Note that most features are propagated to the underlying verb phrase
* Premodifers are also propogated to the underlying VP
*
* SPhraseSpec are produced by the createClause method
* of a PhraseFactory
*
*
* @author E. Reiter, University of Aberdeen.
* @version 4.1
*
*/
public class SPhraseSpec extends PhraseElement {
// the following features are copied to the VPPhraseSpec
static final List vpFeatures = Arrays.asList(Feature.MODAL,
Feature.TENSE, Feature.NEGATED, Feature.NUMBER, Feature.PASSIVE,
Feature.PERFECT, Feature.PARTICLE, Feature.PERSON,
Feature.PROGRESSIVE, InternalFeature.REALISE_AUXILIARY,
Feature.FORM, Feature.INTERROGATIVE_TYPE);
/**
* create an empty clause
*/
public SPhraseSpec(NLGFactory phraseFactory) {
super(PhraseCategory.CLAUSE);
this.setFactory(phraseFactory);
// create VP
setVerbPhrase(phraseFactory.createVerbPhrase());
// set default values
setFeature(Feature.ELIDED, false);
setFeature(InternalFeature.CLAUSE_STATUS, ClauseStatus.MATRIX);
setFeature(Feature.SUPRESSED_COMPLEMENTISER, false);
setFeature(LexicalFeature.EXPLETIVE_SUBJECT, false);
setFeature(Feature.COMPLEMENTISER, phraseFactory.createWord(
"that", LexicalCategory.COMPLEMENTISER)); //$NON-NLS-1$
}
// intercept and override setFeature, to set VP features as needed
/**
* adds a feature, possibly to the underlying VP as well as the SPhraseSpec
* itself
*
* @see simplenlg.framework.NLGElement#setFeature(java.lang.String,
* java.lang.Object)
*/
@Override
public void setFeature(String featureName, Object featureValue) {
super.setFeature(featureName, featureValue);
if (vpFeatures.contains(featureName)) {
NLGElement verbPhrase = (NLGElement) getFeatureAsElement(InternalFeature.VERB_PHRASE);
if (verbPhrase != null || verbPhrase instanceof VPPhraseSpec)
verbPhrase.setFeature(featureName, featureValue);
}
}
/*
* adds a premodifier, if possible to the underlying VP
*
* @see
* simplenlg.framework.PhraseElement#addPreModifier(simplenlg.framework.
* NLGElement)
*/
@Override
public void addPreModifier(NLGElement newPreModifier) {
NLGElement verbPhrase = (NLGElement) getFeatureAsElement(InternalFeature.VERB_PHRASE);
if (verbPhrase != null) {
if (verbPhrase instanceof PhraseElement) {
((PhraseElement) verbPhrase).addPreModifier(newPreModifier);
} else if (verbPhrase instanceof CoordinatedPhraseElement) {
((CoordinatedPhraseElement) verbPhrase)
.addPreModifier(newPreModifier);
} else {
super.addPreModifier(newPreModifier);
}
}
}
/*
* adds a complement, if possible to the underlying VP
*
* @seesimplenlg.framework.PhraseElement#addComplement(simplenlg.framework.
* NLGElement)
*/
@Override
public void addComplement(NLGElement complement) {
PhraseElement verbPhrase = (PhraseElement) getFeatureAsElement(InternalFeature.VERB_PHRASE);
if (verbPhrase != null || verbPhrase instanceof VPPhraseSpec)
verbPhrase.addComplement(complement);
else
super.addComplement(complement);
}
/*
* adds a complement, if possible to the underlying VP
*
* @see simplenlg.framework.PhraseElement#addComplement(java.lang.String)
*/
@Override
public void addComplement(String newComplement) {
PhraseElement verbPhrase = (PhraseElement) getFeatureAsElement(InternalFeature.VERB_PHRASE);
if (verbPhrase != null || verbPhrase instanceof VPPhraseSpec)
verbPhrase.addComplement(newComplement);
else
super.addComplement(newComplement);
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see simplenlg.framework.NLGElement#setFeature(java.lang.String, boolean)
*/
@Override
public void setFeature(String featureName, boolean featureValue) {
super.setFeature(featureName, featureValue);
if (vpFeatures.contains(featureName)) {
//PhraseElement verbPhrase = (PhraseElement) getFeatureAsElement(InternalFeature.VERB_PHRASE);
//AG: bug fix: VP could be coordinate phrase, so cast to NLGElement not PhraseElement
NLGElement verbPhrase = (NLGElement) getFeatureAsElement(InternalFeature.VERB_PHRASE);
if (verbPhrase != null || verbPhrase instanceof VPPhraseSpec)
verbPhrase.setFeature(featureName, featureValue);
}
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see simplenlg.framework.NLGElement#getFeature(java.lang.String)
*/
@Override
public Object getFeature(String featureName) {
if (super.getFeature(featureName) != null)
return super.getFeature(featureName);
if (vpFeatures.contains(featureName)) {
NLGElement verbPhrase = (NLGElement) getFeatureAsElement(InternalFeature.VERB_PHRASE);
if (verbPhrase != null || verbPhrase instanceof VPPhraseSpec)
return verbPhrase.getFeature(featureName);
}
return null;
}
/**
* @return VP for this clause
*/
public NLGElement getVerbPhrase() {
return getFeatureAsElement(InternalFeature.VERB_PHRASE);
}
public void setVerbPhrase(NLGElement vp) {
setFeature(InternalFeature.VERB_PHRASE, vp);
vp.setParent(this); // needed for syntactic processing
}
/**
* Set the verb of a clause
*
* @param verb
*/
public void setVerb(Object verb) {
// get verb phrase element (create if necessary)
NLGElement verbPhraseElement = getVerbPhrase();
// set head of VP to verb (if this is VPPhraseSpec, and not a coord)
if (verbPhraseElement != null
&& verbPhraseElement instanceof VPPhraseSpec)
((VPPhraseSpec) verbPhraseElement).setVerb(verb);
/*
* // WARNING - I don't understand verb phrase, so this may not work!!
* NLGElement verbElement = getFactory().createWord(verb,
* LexicalCategory.VERB);
*
* // get verb phrase element (create if necessary) NLGElement
* verbPhraseElement = getVerbPhrase();
*
* // set head of VP to verb (if this is VPPhraseSpec, and not a coord)
* if (verbPhraseElement != null && verbPhraseElement instanceof
* VPPhraseSpec) ((VPPhraseSpec)
* verbPhraseElement).setHead(verbElement);
*/}
/**
* Returns the verb of a clause
*
* @return verb of clause
*/
public NLGElement getVerb() {
// WARNING - I don't understand verb phrase, so this may not work!!
PhraseElement verbPhrase = (PhraseElement) getFeatureAsElement(InternalFeature.VERB_PHRASE);
if (verbPhrase != null || verbPhrase instanceof VPPhraseSpec)
return verbPhrase.getHead();
else
// return null if VP is coordinated phrase
return null;
}
/**
* Sets the subject of a clause (assumes this is the only subject)
*
* @param subject
*/
public void setSubject(Object subject) {
NLGElement subjectPhrase;
if (subject instanceof PhraseElement
|| subject instanceof CoordinatedPhraseElement)
subjectPhrase = (NLGElement) subject;
else
subjectPhrase = getFactory().createNounPhrase(subject);
List subjects = new ArrayList();
subjects.add(subjectPhrase);
setFeature(InternalFeature.SUBJECTS, subjects);
}
/**
* Returns the subject of a clause (assumes there is only one)
*
* @return subject of clause (assume only one)
*/
public NLGElement getSubject() {
List subjects = getFeatureAsElementList(InternalFeature.SUBJECTS);
if (subjects == null || subjects.isEmpty())
return null;
return subjects.get(0);
}
/**
* Sets the direct object of a clause (assumes this is the only direct
* object)
*
* @param object
*/
public void setObject(Object object) {
// get verb phrase element (create if necessary)
NLGElement verbPhraseElement = getVerbPhrase();
// set object of VP to verb (if this is VPPhraseSpec, and not a coord)
if (verbPhraseElement != null
&& verbPhraseElement instanceof VPPhraseSpec)
((VPPhraseSpec) verbPhraseElement).setObject(object);
}
/**
* Returns the direct object of a clause (assumes there is only one)
*
* @return subject of clause (assume only one)
*/
public NLGElement getObject() {
PhraseElement verbPhrase = (PhraseElement) getFeatureAsElement(InternalFeature.VERB_PHRASE);
if (verbPhrase != null || verbPhrase instanceof VPPhraseSpec)
return ((VPPhraseSpec) verbPhrase).getObject();
else
// return null if VP is coordinated phrase
return null;
}
/**
* Set the indirect object of a clause (assumes this is the only direct
* indirect object)
*
* @param indirectObject
*/
public void setIndirectObject(Object indirectObject) {
// get verb phrase element (create if necessary)
NLGElement verbPhraseElement = getVerbPhrase();
// set head of VP to verb (if this is VPPhraseSpec, and not a coord)
if (verbPhraseElement != null
&& verbPhraseElement instanceof VPPhraseSpec)
((VPPhraseSpec) verbPhraseElement)
.setIndirectObject(indirectObject);
}
/**
* Returns the indirect object of a clause (assumes there is only one)
*
* @return subject of clause (assume only one)
*/
public NLGElement getIndirectObject() {
PhraseElement verbPhrase = (PhraseElement) getFeatureAsElement(InternalFeature.VERB_PHRASE);
if (verbPhrase != null || verbPhrase instanceof VPPhraseSpec)
return ((VPPhraseSpec) verbPhrase).getIndirectObject();
else
// return null if VP is coordinated phrase
return null;
}
// note that addFrontModifier, addPostModifier, addPreModifier are inherited
// from PhraseElement
// likewise getFrontModifiers, getPostModifiers, getPreModifiers
/**
* Add a modifier to a clause Use heuristics to decide where it goes
*
* @param modifier
*/
@Override
public void addModifier(Object modifier) {
// adverb is frontModifier if sentenceModifier
// otherwise adverb is preModifier
// string which is one lexicographic word is looked up in lexicon,
// above rules apply if adverb
// Everything else is postModifier
if (modifier == null)
return;
// get modifier as NLGElement if possible
NLGElement modifierElement = null;
if (modifier instanceof NLGElement)
modifierElement = (NLGElement) modifier;
else if (modifier instanceof String) {
String modifierString = (String) modifier;
if (modifierString.length() > 0 && !modifierString.contains(" "))
modifierElement = getFactory().createWord(modifier,
LexicalCategory.ANY);
}
// if no modifier element, must be a complex string
if (modifierElement == null) {
addPostModifier((String) modifier);
return;
}
// AdvP is premodifer (probably should look at head to see if
// sentenceModifier)
if (modifierElement instanceof AdvPhraseSpec) {
addPreModifier(modifierElement);
return;
}
// extract WordElement if modifier is a single word
WordElement modifierWord = null;
if (modifierElement != null && modifierElement instanceof WordElement)
modifierWord = (WordElement) modifierElement;
else if (modifierElement != null
&& modifierElement instanceof InflectedWordElement)
modifierWord = ((InflectedWordElement) modifierElement)
.getBaseWord();
if (modifierWord != null
&& modifierWord.getCategory() == LexicalCategory.ADVERB) {
// adverb rules
if (modifierWord
.getFeatureAsBoolean(LexicalFeature.SENTENCE_MODIFIER))
addFrontModifier(modifierWord);
else
addPreModifier(modifierWord);
return;
}
// default case
addPostModifier(modifierElement);
}
}