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A Large Knowledge Based (LKB) Gazetteer
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Something, which neither happens nor exists, e.g. a number or a chemical compound formula. Those are usually some symbols, invented to refer to general notions.
An Agent is something, which can show (carry out) an independent action, whether consciously or not. Most animals are considered agents, in most contexts; so are most organizations. According to DOLCE 2.0 "objects to which we ascribe intentions, beliefs and desires". Here, Agent also denotes any automatic services, including web services and servers.
Any instance of a particular notation, used to make the contact with an individual or an organization possible.
The information content of any sort of document. The tangible aspects are ignored. It is usually a document in free text with no formal structure or semantics.
A dynamic event, such as "running" or "a concert".
General concept with well defined (idiomatic) meaning which can have a set of distinct lexical items (surface realizations) associated with it. Examples are: F2F, I18N, P2P, B2B, VIP, ASAP, Semantic Web
A group of agents, which is not organized in any way. This could be the group of people in a bus or the shareholders of a company.
Something that happens. It can be either dynamic - like in "drawing a circle", or static - like in "being a president". In all cases, a happening (an event, a situation, or a time period) has a certain (usually quite concrete) temporal positioning - in the simplest case this is one, denoted by start and end point in time.
InformationResource denotes an information resources with identity, as defined in Dublin Core (DC2003ISO). InformationResource is considered any communication or message that is delivered or produced, taking into account the specific intention of its originator, and also the supposition (and anticipation) for a particular audience or counter-agent in the process of communication (i.e. passive or active feed-back).
The situation of a person, holding a job (employment) position within an organization. The sub-classes of this one define a number of different types of positions.
Usually a geographic location on the earth, however any sort of 3D regions also fit here. The classification is based on the ADL Feature Type Thesaurus version 070203.
Sub-classes omitted: Administrative Areas (its sub-types are put directly under Location), Territorial waters, Tribal areas.
For each specific type, the corresponding NIMA GNS designators (DSG) are given.
Any given number, within the meaning that a number is one of the following: a concept of quantity derived from zero and units; or a numeral (or a string of numerals) used for identification ("she refused to give them her Social Security number"); or a phone number, etc.
Objects are entities that could be claimed to exist - in some sense of existence. An object can play a certain role in some happenings. Objects could be substantially real - as the Buckingham Palace or a hardcopy book - or substantially imperceptible - say, an electronic document that exists only virtually, one cannot touch it.
Organization is a group, which is established in such a way that certain known relationships and obligations exist between the members, and/or between the organization and its members, and/or between the organization and the public (individuals or groups). includes both informal and legally constituted organizations. Organizations can act as agents - to undertake projects, to enter into agreements, to own property, etc. Most organizations have names. Almost all have at least two members.
A Person is an agent (within the meaning of Agent in BULO), which is an individual who is a human being (i.e. any living or not alive member of the family Hominidae). Wordnet 2.0.
The general concept of a product model, say, Ford T. The instances of this class are not specific instances of the product - the latter are just objects. Analogous to FormalProductType in Cyc. Although product models are rather abstract entities (generally, intangible), it is defined as a sub-class of Object, because it has a strong temporal extent (it comes to exsitence at some point of time). There could be several information resources associated with a product model (e.g. specifications, brouchures, etc.), but it is not an information resource on its own.
The role of an entity (usually an agent) within/during/effecting (intentionally or not) a particular happening. For instance a coordinator of a project, or a defendant in a trial, or even a material object that serves as an evidence in a trial (e.g. a weapon).
Any sort of service, ranging from scheduled flight or train services to weather forecast information/web serivce. Many services could be considered agents.
A static event or situation, like "sitting on a chair" or "holding position". Typically, those are temporarily homogenous, i.e. their nature is not expected/required to change with their duration. As a happening, they used to happen/take place/be true for some periods of time and may or may not have a well-defined space extension.
A message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written), setting forth particulars or facts, etc; "according to his statement he was in London on that day". WordNet 1.7.1
This is a general time expression (TIMEEX), which refers to a particular period of time, an interval. Repeating periods (like the Spring or Christmas) are not time intervals, while specific instances of theirs (like the Spring of 1944) are. A TimeInterval could collapse, in very special cases, to a time point, however in this case, in contrast to the Abstract time point (referring to some time during the day), it should be bound to a specific date, i.e. to represent a timestamp.
Any sort of a topic or theme, explicitly defined for classification purposes. As long as any other class or entity can play the role of a topic, the instances of this class are only those concepts, which are defined to serve as topics. The topic class is the natural top-class for linkage of logically informal taxonomies.
A very short sub-title of a document, usually a single sentence
The date when the organization was established or registered
Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or availability of the resource. Recommended
best practice for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and includes (among
others) dates of the form YYYY-MM-DD. For official documents, it could be the date of signature.
The extent or scope of the content of the resource. Typically, Coverage will include spatial location (a place name or geographic coordinates), temporal period (a period label, date, or date range), or jurisdiction (such as a named administrative entity). Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]) and to use, where appropriate, named places or time periods in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges. DC2003ISO
An unambiguous reference to the information resource within a given context. Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. Formal identification systems include but are not limited to the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) (including the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)), the Digital Object Identifier (DOI), and the International Standard Book Number (ISBN). DC2003ISO.
Information about rights held in and over the resource. Typically, Rights will contain a rights management statement for the resource, or reference to a
service providing such information. Rights information often encompasses Intellectual Property Rights (IPR),
Copyright, and various Property Rights. If the Rights element is absent, no assumptions may be made about any rights held in or over the resource. DC2003ISO
Determines whether a particular Agent is a legal entity. The range should be constrained to Boolean. Agents, for which the value is True, correspond to instances of http://www.cyc.com/2003/04/01/cyc#LegalAgent, which is defined as follows "Each instance of #LegalAgent is an agent who has some status in a particular legal system. At the very least, such an agent is recognized by some legal authority as having some kinds of rights and/or responsibilities as an agent (e.g., #citizens of Germany), ... ". In PROTON, it is modeled as property in order to avoid multiple-inheritance of classes and/or multiple classifications of instances.
in degrees, minutes, and seconds: no sign (+) = North;
negative sign (-) = South.
in degrees, minutes, and seconds: no sign (+) = East;
negative sign (-) = West.
The designator of the entity according to the NIMA GeoNames Server.
The Unique Feature Identifier from the NIMA GNS. A number which uniquely identifies the location.
The estimated number of employees in the organization.
The physical or digital manifestation of the resource.
Typically, Format will include the media-type or dimensions of the resource. Format may be used to identify the software, hardware, or other equipment needed to display or operate the resource. Examples
of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media Types [MIME] defining computer media formats). DC2003ISO
The nature or genre of the content of the resource. Type includes terms describing general categories, functions, genres, or aggregation levels for content. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the
DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCT]). To describe the physical or digital manifestation of the resource, use the resourceFormat property. DC2003ISO.
A name given to an information resource. Typically, title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. (DC2003ISO, Title there)
Indicates that an organization is in some sense part of another organization. This necessarily requires structural and organizational relations and may or may not indicate ownership. Its reverse, parentOrganizationOf, is a special case of partial control.
Indicates that an Agent has full control over some object. This is typically the case of wholly-owned subsidiaries and physicall possession of goods.
A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived. The present resource may be derived from the Source resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to identify the referenced resource by means of a string or number
conforming to a formal identification system. DC2003ISO
The creator (or one of the creators) of a document.
A name used for marketing purposes. Usually, it does not correspond to the legal name of the organisation.
where the organization is established or registered
An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource. Examples of Contributor include a person, an organization, or a service. DC2003ISO
An entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource. Examples of Creator include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a
Creator should be used to indicate the entity. (DC2003ISO, Creator)
Relates a particular organization to its employees.
A general relation between an organization and a person who rules or guides or inspires it in some sense. It may or may not be an employee, may or may not
be formal etc. Typically there is a single leader of an organization.
Relates a particular organization to the agents which are members of that organization. This predicate indicates `generic' membership, although there may be specialized kinds of membership in the same organization. Typically, membership eligibility is determined by the organization and accepted with the agent's voluntary affiliation. In many cases Persons that take Positions within Organization are considered members of the organization, although this is no way formally encoded here.
Relates an entity to an old name or alias, which is no longer considered as the proper/actual one. For instance, Pekin is one of the old spellings of the name of the Chineese capital Beijing. The same happens to companies when they change their names and to womam when she gets married.
A topic of the content of the resource.
Comment: Typically, Subject will be expressed as keywords, key phrases, or classification codes that
describe a topic of the resource. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled
vocabulary or formal classification scheme. (DC2003ISO, Subject)
A language of the intellectual content of the resource. Recommended best practice is to use RFC 3066 [RFC3066], which, in conjunction with ISO 639 [ISO639], defines two- and three-letter primary language tags with optional subtags. Examples include “en” or
“eng” for English, “akk" for Akkadian, and “en-GB” for English used in the United Kingdom. DC2003ISO
Relates a Person to another one, where the first is the immediate boss or supervisor of the latter. This is a many-to-many relationship, i.e. there can be more than one boss of a person, even cotemporally.
A relation between a service and the agent (usually organisation), who provides it
An agent fully owns an Object. In many cases this means also full control, unless the agent had transferred the control to another agent.
A relation between an organization and another, where the latter is dependent on the first in some sense. This is a transitive relation, i.e. if organization X is a parent organization of Y and the latter is a parent organization of Z, then X is also considered a parent organization of Z. Inverse of subsidiaryOrganizationOf.
The general part-of relation which takes place between a whole and each of its parts. It has a number of specializations.
Any sort of partial control an agent has with respect to an object.
Indicates that an Agent has some ownership over an object. It allows wide interpretations from "I have a bike" to "John has shares in Fujitsu".
A relation between a company and its ProductModel
Relates the role to the Happening, conditioned and effected by the role.
Relating a statement to the agent who made it. In the case of an offer, the agent is the offerer; in case of a contract, those are the parties. In case of a written statements, the creator/author and the "stater" could be different agents, due to the fact that one agent my have prepared and/or published a statement on behalf of another.
The general part-of relation which takes place between a whole and each of its parts. It has a number of specializations.
A relation from less general to more general topic.
Defined to be transitive via rule.
Determines in which organization is the position
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